2. Contents
Operating System & Features
Definition & Naming of Linux
Historyof Linux
Componentsof Linux
Basic Featuresof Linux
Architectureof Linux
AboutKernel
User-InterfaceViewof Linux
CLI/GUI Viewof Linux
Distributionof Linux
Hardware Requirementof Linux
Software Applicationof Linux
Different Editorsof Linux
Comparison between Linuxwith other Operating System
Important Commands of Linux
Merits/Demeritsof Linux
Useof Linux in thevarious fields
Commercial useof Linux
Conclusion
3. Operating System
An operating system is a software that communicates with the
hardware and allows other programs to be run.
Featuresof Operating System:
o Task Scheduling
o Memory Management
o Network Communication Handling
o Dataand User Security
4. Definition & Naming of Linux
Operating System
⚫The Linux open source operating system, or Linux
OS, is a freelydistributable, cross-platform operating
system based on Unix that can be installed on PCs,
laptops, notebooks, mobile and tablet devices, video
game consoles, servers, supercomputersand more.
⚫Itwas developed by Linus Torvalds.
⚫Linus Torvalds had wanted tocall his invention "Freax”
i.e., Free, Freak + x as an allusion to Unix. In this
project his partner Mr. A.L.Torvalds did not think it’s a
good name, So they finallydecided named their
project nameas “Linux”.
5. History of Linux Operating System
⚫UNIX: 1969 Thompson & Ritchie AT&T Bell
Labs.
⚫Commercial Vendors: Sun, HP, IBM, SGI, DEC.
⚫GNU: 1984 Richard Stallman, FSF.
Open Source: GPL.
6. Components of Linux System
a) Kernel − Kernel is thecore partof Linux. It is responsible forall
majoractivitiesof thisoperating system.
b) System Library − System librariesare special functionsorprograms
using which application programs or system utilities accesses
Kernel's features
c) System Utility − System Utilityprograms are responsible todo
specialized, individual level tasks.
7. Basic Features of Linux
a) Portable − Portability meanssoftwarecan workson differenttypes
of hardware in sameway.
b) Open Source − Linux sourcecode is freelyavailableand it is
community based development project.
c) Multiprogramming − Linux isa multiprogramming system means
multipleapplicationscan run atsame time.
d) Security − Linux provides user security using authentication
features like password protection/ controlled access tospecific files/
encryptionof data.
9. The architecture of Linux contains some layers :
a) Hardware layer − Hardware consistsof all
peripheral devices (RAM/ HDD/ CPU etc).
b) Kernel − It is the core component of Operating
System, interactsdirectlywith hardware, provides
low level services to upper layercomponents.
c) Shell − It takescommands from the userand
executes kernel's functions.
d) Utilities − Utility programs that provide the user
mostof the functionalitiesof an operating systems.
10. About Kernel
⚫It interactswith theactual hardware in machine
language.
⚫It is the monarch who has overall control of
everything.
⚫ It has various functions such as file management ,
data transfer between file system and hardware,
memory management, scheduling of various programs
in the memory, interrupts issues.
11. User-Interface of Linux
⚫The user interface iseitheracommand line interface (CLI),
a graphical user interface (GUI), or through controls are
associated with hardware.
⚫CLI shells are text based user interfaces, which use text for
both inputand output.
⚫On desktop systems, the most popularuser interfaces are
the GUI shells.
⚫Most popularuser interfaces are based on the X Window
System, often simplycalled "X".
17. Software application for Linux
⚫OpenOffice: word processing, spreadsheets,
drawing
⚫Adobe Acrobat Reader
⚫Konqueror: The KDE File Manager and Web
Browser
⚫TV, Video, Radio, and Webcam
18. Editors of Linux
⚫There are someeditors in Linux
a) Vi/Vm editor
b) Gediteditor
c) Nanoeditor
d) GNU Emacs editor
e) Kate/Kwriteeditor
f) Lime Texteditor
and many more.
20. Linux v/s Windows
⚫Linux is freelyavailableoronlinedownloads, for
windows companies have pay for their license.
⚫Windows need up todate time to time, its updating
process is slowerthan Linux.
⚫Linux supports backward compatibilityunlike to the
windows.
⚫Mostof thesoftware made on thewindowsare need to
be licensed but in Linux all of them are freely
available.
21. Linux v/s IOS
⚫Hardware Requirement:
IOS has restrictive hardware requirement, while Linux does
not.
⚫Customizability:
IOS keep restrictions in thearrangement of yourdataor
displaywhereas Linux can make it simpleras you want.
⚫Security:
In the terms of security both of themare highlysecured,
theydid not givedirect permission to theirsystem
administrator.
22. Commands of Linux
⚫Thereare somecommands in Linux which givedirect
accessories to the files by using terminal.
Someof themare:
ls- (List Command)
mv- (Move Command)
mkdir- (Make Directories)
rmdir- (Remove Directory)
locate- (Locate Directory) etc..,
23. Why we use Linux?
⚫Costless
⚫Stable
⚫Reliable
⚫Extremely powerful
⚫Highly Secure
24. Merits and Demerits of Linux
⚫Itcan beeasilyaccessible to theold computers .
⚫Itcannot be made forgaming purpose.
⚫It is noteasy to understand for thosewhoare new to
Linux.
⚫It is mostlyused by the programmers.
⚫It is used for both commercial and personal but for
home purpose, forthis Windows is mostlypreferred.
25. Use of Linux in various fields
It is used also used in the department of Defence, Education.
It is also popular in the field of Banking or Government Sector.
Android App
Development
Operating System for
Routers/Transmittin
g Devices.
Game Designing
26. Commercial use of Linux Operating
System
⚫Adoption of Linux in production environments, rather
than being used only by hobbyists, its widely started in
the mid-off 1990s forsupercomputing purpose.
⚫Today, Linux systemsare used throughoutcomputing,
from embedded systems tosupercomputersand
provide a secured place in server installationssuch as
the popular LAMP application stack.
⚫Linux also achieve a greatest success in the field of
mobiledevelopmentwith the Android by providing
ease-access and high security feature.
27. Conclusion
“When is it best to use Linux and when should some
other operating system be preferred?”
It all depends on the user.
Linux is only for the programmer-based environment
not for the non-programmer because it is difficult to
understand.
