2. Case Problems
• Problem A
– Parts Out of Specification
– Solution: Poor Quality
• Problem B
– Capacity Issue
– Solution: Utilize Idle Machine
1 9
10
3. Problem A - Quality
Problem Statement:
Customer has recently found 121 Torsion Bars (T-Bar)
with the Diameter out of specification. This issue is a
recurring issue and is driving high scrap and sort costs.
Torsion
UCL – 0.2190 mm
LCL – 0.2177 mm
5. Gage Repeatability and Reproducibility
Before Correction
Parts Operator A (mm) Operator B (mm) Range ǀA-Bǀ (mm)
1 0.21858 0.21861 0.000030
2 0.21862 0.21864 0.000020
3 0.21864 0.21865 0.000010
4 0.21866 0.21886 0.0002
5 0.21867 0.21883 0.00016
Sum of Range: 0.00042
Gage Error = Sum of Ranges Spec. Limit: 0.0012
(Note: Gage Error equals the sum of ranges only for 5 pc. Study)
Gage Capability = Gage Error / Spec. Limit 35.0%
Beyond 10% Approval
6. Gage Repeatability and Reproducibility
After Correction
Parts Operator A Operator B Range ǀA-Bǀ
1 -0.012 -0.013 0.0001
2 -0.002 -0.003 0.0001
3 -0.011 -0.011 0
4 -0.009 -0.009 0
5 -0.003 -0.003 0
Sum of Range: 0.0002
Gage Error = Sum of Ranges Spec. Limit : 0.005
(Note: Gage Error equals the sum of ranges only for 5 pc. Study)
Gage Capability = Gage Error / Spec. Limit 4.0%
Under 10% Approval
10. n
x
x
n
i
i
1
Six Sigma Analysis
where
xi = observation of a quality characteristic (such as time)
n = total number of observations
xbar = mean
11. Σ
Six Sigma Analysis
where
xi = observation of a quality characteristic (such as time)
n = total number of observations
xbar = mean
59
59
i = 10.21863 mm
xi
=
12. Six Sigma Analysis
UCL 0.21890
xbar 0.21863
LCL 0.21757
0.21750
0.21760
0.21770
0.21780
0.21790
0.21800
0.21810
0.21820
0.21830
0.21840
0.21850
0.21860
0.21870
0.21880
0.21890
0.21900
0.21910
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950515253545556575859
T-BarGageDiameter(mm)
T-Bar Samples
T-Bar X Chart
Capable process, but
shifted to the high end
of the specification
Target (0.21830)
14. Left Torsion Right Left Torsion Right
Micro Micro Micro Micro Micro Micro
USL 7.645 USL 5.560 USL 7.645 USL 7.645 USL 5.560 USL 7.645
LSL 7.595 LSL 5.530 LSL 7.595 LSL 7.595 LSL 5.530 LSL 7.595
Tol. 0.050 Tol. 0.030 Tol. 0.050 Tol. 0.050 Tol. 0.030 Tol. 0.050 Part Left Torsion Right
7.605 5.545 7.604 7.629 5.56 7.628
0.29952 (7.608) 0.21852 (5.550) 0.29968 (7.612) 0.29981 (7.615) 0.21873 (5.556) 0.29999 (7.620)
(0.003) (0.005) (0.008) 0.014 0.004 0.008
7.604 5.543 7.603 7.627 5.558 7.625
0.29951 (7.608) 0.21847 (5.549) 0.29956 (7.609) 0.2998 (7.615) 0.21852 (5.550) 0.29963 (7.611)
(0.004) (0.006) (0.006) 0.012 0.008 0.014
7.604 5.544 7.604 7.628 5.559 7.626
0.29953 (7.608) 0.21849 (5.550) 0.2996 (7.610) 0.2999 (7.617) 0.21884 (5.559) 0.29994 (7.618)
(0.004) (0.006) (0.006) 0.011 0.000 0.008
7.605 5.545 7.604 7.626 5.562 7.626
0.2996 (7.610) 0.21853 (5.551) 0.29966 (7.611) 0.29989 (7.617) 0.21863 (5.553) 0.29989 (7.617)
(0.005) (0.006) (0.007) 0.009 0.009 0.009
7.605 5.545 7.605 7.629 5.56 7.626
0.29957 (7.609) 0.21852 (5.550) 0.29965 (7.611) 0.29989 (7.617) 0.2188 (5.558) 0.29991 (7.618)
(0.004) (0.005) (0.006) 0.012 0.002 0.008
7.605 5.543 7.604 7.63 5.559 7.628
0.29956 (7.609) 0.2185 (5.550) 0.29969 (7.612) 0.29992 (7.618) 0.218777 (5.557) 0.3 (7.620)
(0.004) (0.007) (0.008) 0.012 0.002 0.008
7.605 5.546 7.605 7.629 5.561 7.629
0.29957 (7.609) 0.21854 (5.551) 0.2996 (7.610) 0.29993 (7.618) 0.21877 (5.557) 0.30004 (7.621)
(0.004) (0.005) (0.005) 0.011 0.004 0.008
7.603 5.543 7.605 7.63 5.561 7.627
0.29956 (7.609) 0.21857 (5.552) 0.29963 (7.611) 0.29978 (7.614) 0.21871 (5.555) 0.29994 (7.618)
(0.006) (0.009) (0.006) 0.016 0.006 0.009
7.603 5.542 7.603 7.628 5.56 7.629
0.2996 (7.610) 0.21853 (5.551) 0.29966 (7.611) 0.29986 (7.616) 0.21888 (5.560) 0.29997 (7.619)
(0.007) (0.009) (0.008) 0.012 0.000 0.010
7.603 5.544 7.604 7.6247 5.562 7.626
0.29966 (7.611) 0.21854 (5.551) 0.29963 (7.611) 0.29989 (7.617) 0.21875 (5.556) 0.29984 (7.616)
(0.008) (0.007) (0.007) 0.007 0.006 0.010
Average 0.02387 0.0162 0.0229Laser to Micro
Max Deviation
0.009
Laser to Micro
Max Deviation
0.0160.006
Laser to Micro
Average Deviation
0.0217 0.018 0.022
Laser to Micro
Average Deviation
0.008
0.027 0.018 0.022
0.025 0.018 0.026
0.025 0.016 0.024
0.024 0.015 0.024
0.022
0.021 0.017 0.022
0.024 0.015 0.021
10
Δ Dia. After Shot Blast
0.0240.0150.024
0.023 0.015
1
2
3
4
5
6
0.022
0.024 0.015
Spec
1
2
3
4
After Grind / Before Shot Blast After Shot Blast
Part Laser Laser LaserLaser LaserLaserPart
1
2
3
4
Spec
7
8
9
10
5
6
5
6
7
8
9
10
7
8
9
Process Study – Grind to Shot Peen
Difference Between the Sizes
Difference Between the Sizes
Difference Between the Sizes
Difference Between the Sizes
Difference Between the Sizes
Difference Between the Sizes
Difference Between the Sizes
Difference Between the Sizes
Difference Between the Sizes
Difference Between the Sizes
Diameter grew by an
average of 0.016 mm
after the shot peen
15. Problem A Conclusion
• Define
– T-Bar diameter Too Close to UCL
• Measure
– Gage R+R was Poorly Calibrated
• Analyze
– Xbar Chart
• Improve
– Decrease Rough Grind by 0.016 mm
• Control
– Keep Gage R+R Under 10%
16. Problem B: Capacity Issue
Problem Statement:
Part B orders were eliminated, and an
increase in Part A orders occurred. The
department will be operating inefficiency.
17. OP170
Wash
Incoming
From Heat
Treat
OP130
OP140
OD Grind
(12.3 sec/pc)
OP140
OD Grind
(12.3 sec/pc)
OP160
Ball Groove
Grind
(84 sec/pc)
OP160
Ball Groove
Grind
(84 sec/pc)
Incoming
From Heat
Treat
OP130
Incoming
From Heat
Treat
OP130
Incoming
From Heat
Treat
OP130
Bottleneck
19. Evaluating the Process
• Cycle Time
• Productivity
• Parts Produced
84 sec/part x 80 parts per cycle 1 hour 52 minutes
Wheel/dress cycle + 04 minutes
Total 1 hour 56 minutes
Parts/Hour 40.0
Operational Activity (Hours) x 6.3
252 Parts/Shift/Machine
Machines/Shift x 2
Total Parts Produced 504 Parts/Shift
Productivity 90.0%
Shift Time x 7.0 hours
Operational Activity 6.3 hours
20. Products Manufactured v. Product Demand
504
612
108
Products Produced
Product Demand
Short of Demand
Demand – Manufactured = Surplus/Deficient of Parts
612 – 504 = 108
17.6%
22. Dept.
1
Dept.
9
Dept.
10
Part A
Part A
Part B
Redesigning The Process
1) Manufacture at Full Capacity
2) Produce According To Demand
Dept.
1
Dept.
9
Dept.
10
Part APart A
Part A
25. Impact of Labor Costs Using
Two Machines v. Three Machines
Labor Cost/Hour $16.00
Hours/Shift x 7.00
Labor Cost/Shift $112.00
Shifts/Year x 365.00
Labor Cost/Year $40,880.00
Deficit/Shift 108 Parts
Time Needed for Each Part x 84 Seconds
Over Time Needed to Complete Order 1.29 Hours
Employee Wage 16.00/Hour
Overtime Employee Wage x 2.00
Labor Cost/Day $41.28
Days/Year x 365.00
Over Time Labor Cost/Year $15,067.20
Total Annual Cost $55,947.20
26. Case Problems
• Problem A
– Parts Out of Specification
– Solution: Poor Quality
• Problem B
– Capacity Issue
– Solution: Utilize Idle Machine
1 9
10
Part A
Part A
Part B
Animated countdown timer on textured background
(Difficult)
Tip: Some shape effects on this slide are created with the Combine Shapes commands. To access this command, you must add it to the Quick Access Toolbar, located above the File tab. To customize the Quick Access Toolbar, do the following:
Click the arrow next to the Quick Access Toolbar, and then under Customize Quick Access Toolbar click More Commands.
In the PowerPoint Options dialog box, in the Choose commands from list, select All Commands.
In the list of commands, click Combine Shapes, and then click Add.
To reproduce the donut shape effects on this slide, do the following:
On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank.
On the Insert tab, in the Illustrations group, click Shapes, and then under Basic Shapes click Donut.
On the slide, drag to draw a donut. Drag the yellow sizing handle so that the donut is roughly 0.25” in thickness.
Select the donut. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, in the Height box enter 5” and in the Width box enter 5”.
Also under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click Shape Outline and then click No Outline.
On the Insert tab, in the Illustrations group, click Shapes, and then under Rectangles click Rectangle.
On the slide, drag to draw a rectangle.
Select the rectangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, in the Height box enter 5.5” and in the Width box enter 0.08”.
Also under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click Shape Outline and then click No Outline.
Select the rectangle. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow to the right of Copy, and then click Duplicate. Repeat this process this process 7 times for a total of 9 thin rectangles.
Select a duplicate rectangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Size in the left pane, and in the Size pane, under Size and rotate, in the Rotation box enter 10.
Select another duplicate rectangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Size in the left pane, and in the Size pane, under Size and rotate, in the Rotation box enter 20.
Select another duplicate rectangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Size in the left pane, and in the Size pane, under Size and rotate, in the Rotation box enter 30.
Select another duplicate rectangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Size in the left pane, and in the Size pane, under Size and rotate, in the Rotation box enter 40.
Select another duplicate rectangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Size in the left pane, and in the Size pane, under Size and rotate, in the Rotation box enter 50.
Select another duplicate rectangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Size in the left pane, and in the Size pane, under Size and rotate, in the Rotation box enter 60.
Select another duplicate rectangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Size in the left pane, and in the Size pane, under Size and rotate, in the Rotation box enter 70.
Select the last duplicate rectangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Size in the left pane, and in the Size pane, under Size and rotate, in the Rotation box enter 80.
Press and hold CTRL, and then select all of the small thin rectangles. On the Quick Access Toolbar, click Combine Shapes, and then click Shape Union.
Also on the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click Copy, and then click Duplicate.
Select the duplicate group of rectangles. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Rotate, and then click Rotate Right 90°.
On the Home tab, in the Edit group, click Select, and then click Select All.
Also on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:
Click Align to Slide.
Click Align Middle.
Click Align Center.
Press and hold CTRL, select the donut shape, and then select the first group of rectangles. On the Quick Access Toolbar, click Combine Shapes, and then click Shape Subtract.
Press and hold CTRL, select the donut shape, and then select the second group of rectangles. On the Quick Access Toolbar, click Combine Shapes, and then click Shape Subtract.
On the Insert tab, in the Illustrations group, click Shapes, and then under Basic Shapes click Donut.
On the slide, drag to draw a donut. Drag a sizing handle so that the donut is roughly 0.5” in thickness.
Select the second donut. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, in the Height box enter 5.21” and in the Width box enter 5.21”.
Also under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click Shape Outline, and then click No Outline.
Press and hold CTRL, select the second donut, and then select the first, segmented donut. On the Quick Access Toolbar, click Combine Shapes, and then click Shape Subtract.
Select the remaining donut. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, in the Fill pane, click Gradient fill, and then do the following:
Click the button next to Preset colors and then click Silver.
In the Type list, select Linear.
Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click Line Color in the left pane, and then in the Line Color pane click No line.
Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click Shadow in the left pane, in the Shadow pane, click the button next to Presets, and then under Outer click Offset Center.
Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click 3-D Format in the left pane, in the 3-D Format pane, under Bevel, click the button next to Top and then click Slope.
On the Insert tab, in the Illustrations group, click Shapes, and then under Basic Shapes click Donut.
On the slide, drag to draw a donut. Drag a sizing handle so that the donut is roughly 0.25” in thickness.
Select the new donut. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, in the Fill pane, click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 194, Green: 10, and Blue: 6.
Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click Line Color in the left pane, and then in the Line Color pane click No line.
Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click Size in the left pane, in the Size pane, under Size and rotate, in the Height box enter 5.14” and in the Width box enter 5.14”.
Select the new donut. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then click Send Backward.
Press and hold CTRL, and then select the two donuts. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:
Click Align Selected Objects.
Click Align Center.
Click Align Middle.
With both donuts selected, drag the donuts so that the top edge is roughly 1” from the top edge of the slide.
To reproduce the other shape effects on this slide, do the following:
On the Insert tab, in the Illustrations group, click Shapes, and then under Rectangles click Rectangle.
On the slide, drag to draw a rectangle.
Select the rectangle. On the Home tab, in the Drawing tab, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, in the Fill pane, click Gradient fill, and then do the following:
In the Type list, select Linear.
In the Angle box, enter 90.
Under Gradient stops, click Add gradient stop or Remove gradient stop until three stops appear in the slider, then customize the gradient stops as follows:
Select the first stop in the slider, and then do the following:
In the Position box, enter 0%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Black, Text 1 (first row, first option from the left).
In the Transparency box, enter 75%.
Select the next stop in the slider, and then do the following:
In the Position box, enter 35%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Black, Text 1 (first row, first option from the left).
In the Transparency box, enter 0%.
Select the last stop in the slider, and then do the following:
In the Position box, enter 100%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Black, Text 1 (first row, first option from the left).
In the Transparency box, enter 100%.
Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click Line Color in the left pane, and then in the Line Color pane click No line.
Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click Size, and in the Height box enter 7.5, and in the Width box enter 2.83.
On the slide, select the rectangle. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then click Send Backward.
Also on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then click Align Middle and Align Center.
To reproduce the text effects on this slide, do the following:
On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Text Box.
On the slide, drag to draw a text box.
Type “3” in the text box, and then select the text. On the Home tab, in the Font group, select Lucida Bright from the Font list, select White, Background 1 from the Font Color list, and then select 96 pt. from the Font Size list.
Select the text box. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow next to Copy, and then click Duplicate.
Select the second text box. Change the text to “2.”
Select the text box. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow next to Copy, and then click Duplicate.
Select the third text box. Change the text to “1.”
Press and hold CTRL, and then select all three text boxes. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:
Click Align Selected Objects.
Click Align Middle.
Click Align Center.
With all three text boxes selected, position the text boxes in the center of the two donuts.
To reproduce the animation effects on this slide, do the following:
On the Home tab, in the Editing group, click Select, and then click Selection Pane.
On the slide, select the silver, segmented donut. On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation, and then under Entrance click Grow & Turn.
Also on the Animations tab, in the Timing group, do the following:
In the Start list, select With Previous.
In the Duration box, enter 1.00.
On the slide, select the gradient-fill rectangle. On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation, and then click More Entrance Effects. In the Add Entrance Effect dialog box, under Subtle, click Expand.
Also on the Animations tab, in the Timing group, do the following:
In the Start list, select With Previous.
In the Duration box, enter 1.00.
On the slide, select the red, solid donut. On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation, and then under Entrance click Fade.
Also on the Animations tab, in the Timing group, do the following:
In the Start list, select After Previous.
In the Duration box, enter 0.25.
In the Selection and Visibility pane, select the “3” text box. On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation, and then under Entrance click Fade.
Also on the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Duration box enter 0.50.
Select the red, solid donut. On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation, and then under Exit click Wheel.
Also on the Animations tab, in the Timing group, do the following:
In the Start list, select With Previous.
In the Duration box, enter 1.00.
In the Selection and Visibility pane, select the “3” text box. On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation, and then under Exit click Fade.
Also on the Animations tab, in the Timing group, do the following:
In the Start list, select With Previous.
In the Duration box, enter 0.50.
In the Delay box, enter 0.50.
In the Selection and Visibility pane, select the solid red donut. On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation, and then under Entrance click Fade.
Also on the Animations tab, in the Timing group, do the following:
In the Start list, select With Previous.
In the Duration box, enter 0.25.
In the Delay box, enter 1.00.
In the Selection and Visibility pane, select the “2” text box. On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation, and then under Entrance click Fade.
Also on the Animations tab, in the Timing group, do the following:
In the Start list, select With Previous.
In the Duration box, enter 0.50.
In the Delay box, enter 1.00.
Select the red, solid donut. On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation, and then under Exit click Wheel.
Also on the Animations tab, in the Timing group, do the following:
In the Start list, select With Previous.
In the Duration box, enter 1.00.
In the Selection and Visibility pane, select the “2” text box. On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation, and then under Exit click Fade.
Also on the Animations tab, in the Timing group, do the following:
In the Start list, select With Previous.
In the Duration box, enter 0.50.
In the Delay box, enter 1.50.
In the Selection and Visibility pane, select the “1” text box. On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation, and then under Entrance click Fade.
Also on the Animations tab, in the Timing group, do the following:
In the Start list, select With Previous.
In the Duration box, enter 0.50.
In the Delay box, enter 1.50.
In the Selection and Visibility pane, select the solid red donut. On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation, and then under Entrance click Fade.
Also on the Animations tab, in the Timing group, do the following:
In the Start list, select With Previous.
In the Duration box, enter 0.25.
In the Delay box, enter 1.00.
In the Selection and Visibility pane, select the “1” text box. On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation, and then under Exit click Fade
Also on the Animations tab, in the Timing group, do the following:
In the Start list, select With Previous.
In the Duration box, enter 0.50.
In the Delay box, enter 2.00.
Select the red, solid donut. On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation, and then under Exit click Wheel.
Also on the Animations tab, in the Timing group, do the following:
In the Start list, select With Previous.
In the Duration box, enter 2.00.
To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following:
On the Insert tab, in the Illustrations group, click Shapes, and then under Rectangles click Rectangle.
On the slide, drag to draw a rectangle.
Select the rectangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click the Format Shape dialog box. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, in the Fill pane, click Picture or texture fill, and then do the following:
Click the button next to Texture and select Brown Marble (fourth row, first option from the left).
Clear the Tile picture as texture box.
Also in the Format Picture dialog box, click Line Color in the left pane, and in the Line Color pane, click No line.
Also in the Format Picture dialog box, click Picture Corrections in the left pane, and in the Picture Corrections pane, under Brightness and contrast, do the following:
In the Brightness box, enter -42%.
In the Contrast Box, enter -28%.
Also in the Format Picture dialog box, click Picture Color in the left pane, and in the Picture Color pane, under Recolor, click the button next to Presets and then click Grayscale.
Also in the Format Picture dialog box, click Artistic Effects in the left pane, and in the Artistic Effects pane, do the following:
Click the button next to Artistic Effects and then click Blur.
In the Radius box, enter 7.
Also in the Format Picture dialog box, click Size in the left pane, and then under Size and rotate do the following:
In the Height box, enter 7.5.
In the Width box, enter 10.
On the slide, select the rectangle. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then click Align Middle and Align Center.
On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow to the right of Copy, and then click Duplicate.
Select the second, duplicate rectangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, in the Fill pane, in the Transparency box, enter 90%.
Also in the Format Picture dialog box, click Picture Corrections in the left pane, and in the Picture Corrections pane, under Brightness and contrast, do the following:
In the Brightness box, enter 12%.
In the Contrast Box, enter 44%.
Also in the Format Picture dialog box, click Artistic Effects in the left pane, and in the Artistic Effects pane, do the following:
Click the button next to Artistic Effects and then click Blur.
In the Radius box, enter 9.
On the slide, select the rectangle. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then click Align Middle and Align Center.
On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow to the right of Copy, and then click Duplicate.
Select the third, duplicate rectangle. Under Picture Tools, on the Format tab, in the Adjust group, click Reset Picture.
Also under Picture Tools, on the Format tab, in the Picture Styles group, click the Format Picture dialog box launcher. In the Format Picture dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, and then in the Fill pane, do the following:
Click the button next to Texture and then click Granite.
Select Tile picture as texture.
In the Transparency box, enter 94%.
Also in the Format Picture dialog box, click Picture Corrections in the left pane, in the Picture Corrections pane, under Brightness and contrast, do the following:
In the Brightness box, enter 2%.
In the Contrast box, enter 70%.
Also in the Format Picture dialog box, click Artistic Effects in the left pane, and then in the Artistic Effects pane, do the following:
Click the button next to Artistic Effect and then click Photocopy.
In the Detail box, enter 9.
On the slide, select the third rectangle. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then click Align Middle and Align Center.
On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow to the right of Copy, and then click Duplicate.
Select the fourth, duplicate rectangle. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Picture dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, in the Fill pane, click Gradient fill, and then do the following:
In the Type list, select Radial.
In the Direction list, select From Center.
Under Gradient stops, click Add gradient stop or Remove gradient stop until two stops appear on the slider. Customize the gradient stops as follows:
Select the first stop in the slider, and then do the following:
In the Position box, enter 0%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Black, Text 1 (first row, second option from the left).
In the Transparency box, enter 100%.
Select the last stop in the slider, and then do the following:
In the Position box, enter 100%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Black, Text 1 (first row, second option from the left).
In the Transparency box, enter 50%.
On the slide, select the fourth rectangle. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then click Align Middle and Align Center.
Also on the Home tab, in the Editing group, click Select, and then click Select All.
Also on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then click Group.
On the slide, select the grouped rectangles. Also on the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click Cut.
Also on the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow below Paste, and select Paste Special. In the Paste Special dialog box, select Paste, and then under As, select Picture (PNG).
Also on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align and then click Align Middle and Align Center.
Operator bias doesn’t really become a factor, because the parts are loaded as a magazine.
“Now we will talk about the shot peen process.
Numbers above the process/station duty denotes the sequence, e.g. 10 comes before 40, 40 comes 50, 50 comes before 60, etc. Steps 20 and 30 do not exist, because they were eliminated.
Explain why the highlighted section is where we are going to research the problem: we researched this section, because it is the area where sizes are manipulated through the shaping of the torsion section of the T-Bar. Now that the problem has been defined, and we know where to have a quality check, we must now review the measurement tools: the gage R+R (the gage is the piece that holds the part in the machine.
Be sure to clarify to the audience that when they see “USL” it standards for upper satisfactory limit, otherwise known as upper control limit from our class lectures and textbook.
This is the study confirming the issue resides in the shot peen portion of the process. The middle column is the only one that applies to our portion of the case, because the columns on the left and right measure the left and right pieces on the T-Bar, not the torsion (center/middle) piece of the T-Bar.
*We do not want the shot peen to shift the diameter too far to the UCL*
Conclusion
Reduce the grind parameter by 0.016mm
Using Idle Machine
Would require:
material on hand
Pad change
Wheel change
program change & modifications
