Application of GIS and Remote Sensing

1. Case Study Report
Mapping and Analyzing Tomato Greenhouse Distribution in Welimada
Urban Area during 2010 and 2017
(Application of GIS and Remote Sensing 442-1)
H.M.T.R.Herath
UWU/EAG/13/0013
4th
year 1st
semester
Export Agriculture Degree Program

2. TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Introduction ...............................................................................................................3
2. Objectives .................................................................................................................. 3
2.1 General Objective ........................................................................................3
2.2 Specific Objective ........................................................................................3
3. Study Area................................................................................................................. 3
4. Data and Methodology ..............................................................................................4
5. Results ........................................................................................................................5
6. Discussion ..................................................................................................................9
7. Conclusion................................................................................................................. 9

3. LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Location of Welimada Divisional Secretariat .......................................................................4
Figure 2: Satellite Image of Welimada urban area 2010 ................................................................... 5
Figure 3 Satellite Image of Welimada urban area 2017.................................................................... 6
Figure 4: Tomato Greenhouse Distribution Map of Welimada urban area 2010.............................. 7
Figure 5: Tomato Greenhouse Distribution Map of Welimada urban area 2017 ..............................8

4. Mapping and Analyzing Tomato Greenhouse Distribution in Welimada Urban Area
during 2010 and 2017
1. Introduction
Welimada Divisional Secretariat is located in the Welimada Electorate in Badulla District of Uva
Province. The main source of income of 70% of the population, which counts to 100365, is
agriculture. Most of these farmers seek the assistance and knowledge of SME.
Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) make up a large part of Sri Lanka's economy, accounting
for 80 per cent of all businesses. There are SMEs in the agri-business sector engaged in growing
spices, fruits and vegetables. SMEs are an essential source of employment opportunities and are
estimated to contribute about 35 percent of employment. It has contributed immensely in
supporting and guiding the Welimada farmers towards converting the farming in field into
greenhouses.
They grow lettuce, tomato, flowers and other leafy vegetables in these greenhouses. This effort is to
identify and locate greenhouses in which tomatoes are grown in the urban area of Welimada and to
analyze the utilization of greenhouses over time in respect to the support given by the SME.
2. Objectives
2.1 General Objective
To identify and locate the tomato greenhouses in Welimada urban area.
2.2 Specific Objective
To analyze and interpret the contribution made by SME for the promotion of utilization of
greenhouses
3. Study Area
Welimada Divisional Secretariat is located in the Welimada Electorate in Badulla District of Uva
Province. The specific study area as selected, was Welimada urban region. The average annual
temperature is 23.2 °C and the rainfall here averages 1885 mm

5. 4. Data and Methodology
 Data regarding the study area was obtained by the official cite of the Welimada Secretariat
Division and SME in Welimada
 Topological maps and satellite maps were used to identify the greenhouses.
 For the years 2017 and 2010, satellite images of the study area were be taken separately (20
images from each) by using Google Earth software with the scale of 800ft above ground
level and with the relevant coordinates and they would be saved as JPG images
 Those images were be georeferenced separately by using Arc map 10.4 software
 Then the images were converted from geographic coordinate system (WGS 1984) into
projected coordinate system(UTM 44)
 After that, the images were converted into raster format and they would be saved as TIFF
files by using Arc map 10.4 software
 By using the same software, all the TIFF files were set as a one map.(mosaic)
 Study area will be demarcated (clipped) using Welimada urban area shape file provided by
Survey department of Sri Lanka (Using ArcMap Software)
 Greenhouses were identified by using the topological maps as well as by using image
interpretation clues such as color, pattern, texture and shape in satellite images.
 Demarcated maps were digitized using points, polygons and polylines.
 The two maps were analyzed and the final report was prepared.

6. Satellite Image of Welimada Urban Area-2010
±
0 0.35 0.7 1.05 1.40.175
Miles

7. #
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Tomato GreenHouse Distribution Map of Welimada Urban Area-2010
0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.20.15
Miles
Legend
# Tomato Greenhouses
Roads
Paddy fields
±

8. 80.893113
80.893113
80.901784
80.901784
80.910455
80.910455
80.919126
80.919126
80.927797
80.927797
6.882302
6.882302
6.894225
6.894225
6.906148
6.906148
6.918071
6.918071
6.929994
6.929994
±
Tomato Greenhouse Distribution in Welimada Region-2017
H.M.T.R.Herath
UWU/EAG/13/0013
0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000250
Meters

9. #
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## ##
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##
80.893834
80.893834
80.902512
80.902512
80.911190
80.911190
80.919868
80.919868
80.928546
80.928546
6.882968
6.882968
6.894900
6.894900
6.906832
6.906832
6.918764
6.918764
6.930696
6.930696
0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.20.15
Miles
Legend
# Tomato Greenhouses
Roads
Paddy fields
±
Tomato Greenhouse Distribution Map of Welimada Urban Area-2017

10. 6. Discussion
According to the results obtained by comparing the maps of two years, it can be seen that the
tomato greenhouse distribution has been increased over 7 years. But that increase is not that much
higher as expected. The number of greenhouses could be seen as high due to the fact that in almost
every greenhouse, cultivation of tomato is prominent.
The reasons for this increase might be follows as can be extracted from Small and Medium
Enterprise official site.
1. As proposed in Science, Technology & Innovation Strategy for Sri Lanka (2011 – 2015), a
mechanism was introduced to support SMEs to innovate and transfer technologies, through
Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Small Business Technology Transfer (SBTT)
schemes. Thereby, SME institute could defectively transfer the technology about
greenhouses for the farmers.
2. The wide dissemination programs carried out by the SME institute in Badulla in making the
farmers knowledgeable about this technique and supporting them constantly.
Although they contributed hard a significant difference could not be observed. As they suggest the
reasons for that are as follows.
1. High interest rates and the emphasis on collateral by lending institutions might have
become the most cited constraint. Although every type of guidance and support is given to
the farmers since their access to credit and cost of fund to the construction of greenhouses
is limited the usage of greenhouses might not have increased drastically over time. A survey
carried out at the Central Bank revealed that 61% of the entrepreneurs stated that bank
borrowings was difficult.
2. Reluctance of the farmers to move away from traditional farming techniques can be also
recognized as a reason for this less popularity.
3. They could not identify a clear-cut difference between the yield of traditional cultivation and
greenhouse maintenance. That also can be a reason.
7. Conclusion
Tomato greenhouse distribution has been increased over 7 years. But that increase is not that
much higher as expected.
Google Earth and ArcMap 10.4 software’s are effective systems for obtaining images and to map
them to carry out a particular case study successfully.
8. References
https://www.deginvest.de/International-financing/DEG/Presse/News/News-
Details_308929.html
http://www.nhrep.gov.lk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=81&Itemid=59