is emotional intelligence still recognised in this world of digitalisation

1. Rumbidzai
Faith Matanga
OCTOBER 2017
SEMINAR PAPER ON
“A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE RELEVANCE OF
EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE IN THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD”

2.  INTRODUCTION
 OBJECTIVES
 RATIONALE OR
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PAPER
 DISCUSSION
 FUTURE IMPLICATIONS AND
SUGGECTIONS
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCES
CONTENTS

3. • Philosophers have been trying for over
two thousand years to understand and
resolve 2 big questions:
1. How does a human brain work
2. Can non-humans “robots” have the
brain
• Unfortunately the debate still goes on
where-
• Some have picked the computational
approach (AI) which originated by
computer scientists and accepted the
idea that machines can do everything
that humans can do.
• Others have openly opposed this notion
claiming that such highly sophisticated
human behaviors as love, creative
discovery and moral choice will always
be beyond the scope of any machine
INTRODUCTION

4. • In a so dynamic world that is getting
exposed to globalization, one incredibly
controversial subject matter on
emotional intelligence (EI) and artificial
intelligence (AI) is arising and is also
impacting how humans relate to
technology and one another
• “Anyone can become angry —that is
easy. But to be angry with the right
person, to the right degree, at the right
time, for the right purpose, and in the
right way —this is not easy.” ARISTOTLE
INTRODUCTION CONT’D

5. EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
• The capacity to reason about
emotions, and of emotions, to
enhance thinking. (Ability Model of
EI)
• It includes the abilities to
accurately perceive emotions, to
access and generate emotions so as
to assist thought, to understand
emotions and emotional
knowledge, and to reflectively
regulate emotions so as to promote
emotional and intellectual growth.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
• Was introduced by a US computer
engineer called John McCarthy in 1956
• It’s a branch of hypothetical or actual
computer programs
• It’s objective: equipping machines with
reasoning and perceptual abilities which
are things normally done by minds, such
as thinking logically, writing poetry,
composing music, / analyzing chemical
substances
• “The exciting new effort to make
computers think ... machines with
minds, in the full and literal sense.”
(Haugeland, 1985)
ARTIFICIAL EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
• Kaliouby (2017) defined artificial
emotional intelligence as a
combination of artificial intelligence
and emotional intelligence, and
states that emotional intelligence is
a key component of any intelligence,
be it human or artificial
• An example is that of PERSADO
which can turn brands into
emotionally intelligent leaders at
scale. It’s the perfect marriage of
Emotional Intelligence and Artificial
Intelligence
INTRODUCTION CONT’D (DEFINITION OF TERMS)

6. To analyze whether EI and
AI are complementary of
each other
To evaluate the significance
of EI and AI in the current
world, and which of the two
is most relevant in the
contemporary world
To understand if one of
the two (EI & AI) will
overpower the other in
the near future
OBJECTIVES
To apprehend whether
the two (EI & AI) can
work hand in hand
without one
overpowering the other

7. • There still is paucity of research on the relevance of
both EI and AI concurrently and not just as single
entities and how they are contributing to the
contemporary world.
• To contribute to the understanding of AI and EI and
how they can both work hand in hand without one
overpowering the other.
• To alert people around the globe about the fast pace
AI is going and its chances of overpowering humans
and how they can remain competitive and also
appreciate this technology
• Due to the great growing demand for employees
with technological experience it is necessary to
provide a few pointers on how one can be
competitive
Rationale or significance of the paper

8. POINT 1 (SEPARATE FUNCTIONS)
• In 1985, Sternberg challenged mental
abilities researchers to pay more attention
to creative and practical aspects of
intelligence
• Computer scientists have known for many
years that it’s relatively easy to program
computers to accomplish skilled tasks that
are difficult for people to do such as to
solve huge systems of equations, while at
the same time are unable to design a
computer program to do things that people
can do easily such as recognize friends’
faces reliably under changing conditions
• This therefore shows how each (i.e. AI &
EI) have a part to play which is distinct of
the other
discussion

9. POINT 2 (WHAT EI HAS THAT AI DOESN’T)
• While the debate over machines displacing workers has been
discussed at length, Bronwyn van der Merwe (group director at Fjord
Australia and New Zealand) is certain AI won't ever completely
replace human beings.
• Human beings, have contextual understanding and empathy, and
right now there isn't a lot of that built into AI. Maybe in the future,
the companies that are going to succeed will be those that can build
into their technology that kind of understanding
• However, a long and hard think about AI's impact on society, jobs, and
the environment needs to be made
Discussion CONT’D

10. POINT 3 (ARTIFICIAL EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE)
• As technology is increasingly applied to situations where it must interact with
humans, it’s all the more vital that it does so in a way that is courteous and
respectful of people’s feelings and that can only be done if it incorporates
qualities of EI which humans hold
• A truly effective AI will need to have EI, especially when an artificial system will
need to interact, communicate and coexist with humans; otherwise these
systems will struggle in understanding their users, build a strong rapport with
them or be effective in bringing about behavior change.
• Therefore, creating AI systems that are emotion aware will have an immense
competitive advantage over artificial intelligence that has only cognitive or
computational abilities especially in real world usage.
• Newman (2017) explains that as people enter an age when artificial intelligence
robots are helping them at home, in their cars, on their phones and in customer
service, it’s increasingly important to now focus on building artificial intelligence
with emotional intelligence to ensure progress in the new digital landscape.
• This therefore shows how AI & EI can compliment each other though this is
expected to be in machines
Discussion CONT’D

11. POINT 4 (Computerization)
• Technology giants, including Google, Facebook, Microsoft and
Baidu, are racing to expand their AI activities. Experts in machine
learning are most in demand and this is posing a threat to human
proficiency since most operations have become computerized (e.g.
UBER’s self driving cars in San Francisco and California)
• Currently, 52 percent of consumers globally interact via AI-
powered live chats or mobile apps on a monthly basis, Fjord
reported, with 62 percent claiming that they are comfortable with
an AI-powered assistant responding to their query.
• EI will be the critical differentiator separating the great from the
good in AI products, especially given that by 2020 it’s expected
that the average person will have more conversations with chat
bots (a computer program which conducts a conversation via
auditory or textual methods) than with human staff.
Discussion CONT’D

12. Point 5: Forecasting
• In June 2017, the Economist Films gave a panel of experts a hypothetical scenario to discuss
concerning AI under the title “The world if robots take our jobs”. Points that arose include:
1. Automation as we speak has already begun (e.g. UBER) and humans have programmed computers to
take on increasing sophisticated everyday tasks
2. One panelist mentioned that interpreting human speech and being able to carry out a conversation is
something that used to be very non-routine and unthinkable but now it’s something that computers
have mastered
3. Another panelist mentioned that in the past one had to manually manage a calendar, remember phone
numbers and it even used to be someone’s job in an office, but now it has all been replaced either by a
computer/ phone
4. Its estimated that by 2037 47% of jobs that exist now will be overtaken by machines (e.g. video
recording)
5. Computers are now displacing routine work thus if one gets thrown out of their job by a robot they
will have to go look for another job that can be dissatisfying, low paying and was not even trained for,
so as to earn a living
6. In 2067 it’s believed that most routine jobs will be automated (e.g. routine manual jobs include
factory workers who operate welding or metal-press machines, forklift operators or home appliance
repairers and routine cognitive jobs include tasks done by secretaries, bookkeepers, filing clerks or
bank tellers)
Discussion CONT’D

13. • A research conducted by Harvard University have concluded that 85% of job
success comes from having well developed soft and people skills and only
15% of job success comes from technical knowledge, that is hard skills.
• Thus to allow an individual to be equally competitive in a world that is
becoming digitalized there is need to create an inclusive and diverse
workforce that is high in EI and superb human skills as technical skills are
easy to teach.
• Jack Ma (founder and executive of Alibaba) stated that the first technology
revolution released human body through creation of machines, then
distance through creation of transport.
• He then suggested that the present generation can be future proofed by not
teaching them what computers can do better, but rather encouraging them
to be creative, innovative and to embrace their culture and by this
technology will not overpower people since people have souls, wisdom,
values and beliefs which machines don’t have.
SUGGESTIONS AND
FUTURE IMPLICATIONS

14. People in modern societies suffer from choice overload since endless choices are
presented to them leading to countless hours weighing trivial decisions and
ruminating about whether their decisions are optimal. This is because each time
they are bombarded with new technology (AI), some threatening to overpower
them and even take their place thus creating unemployment. The technological
advances of the past century, impressive though they may be, have not led to
perceptible improvement in the collective health and happiness, that is the
quality of lives and sense of personal fulfillment have declined rather than
increase and among them being EI which is the reason why people no longer
show empathy and altruism for each other and humanity is decreasing each time.
The cause of this is the craving for technological progress which has scrambled
people’s value systems and undermined traditional sources of emotional security
such as family, community and religion (Weiten and Lloyd 2007).
CONCLUSION

15. REFERENCES
• Economist films (2017). The world if robots take our jobs. Daily Watch (June 01)
• Goleman, D. (1998). Working with emotional intelligence. New York: Bantam
• Haugeland, J. (Ed.). (1985). Artificial Intelligence: The Very Idea. MIT Press.
• McCarthy, J. (1963). Situations, actions, and causal laws. Memo 2, Stanford
University Artificial Intelligence Project.
• Sternberg, R. J. (1985). Beyond IQ: A Triarchic Theory of Intelligence. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press
• Salovey P., Mayer J. D. (1990). Emotional intelligence. Imagination, Cognition and
Personality, 9(3), 185–211
• Salovey P., Mayer J. D. (2004). Emotional intelligence : Theory, findings and
implications. Psychological inquiry.
• Weiten, W. & Lloyd, M. (2007) .Psychology Applied to Modern life: Adjustment in
the 21st Century (8th Ed). Thomson: New York.