Paper Presented at 4th International Conference on Integration of Science and Technology for Sustainable Development (ICIST 2015), “Biological Diversity, Food and Agricultural Technology”  during November 27-29, 2015 at Agricultural Genetics Institute (AGI), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Hanoi, Vietnam.

1. 1
Evaluation of Tithonia-
enriched Liquid Organic
Fertilizer for Organic
Carrot Production
Fahrurrozi, Fahrurrozi Zainal Muktamar, Nanik Setyowati,
Sigit Sudjatmiko, Mohammad Chozin
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bengkulu,
Jalan WR. Supratman, Bengkulu, 38125, Indonesia
Presented at
4thInternational Conference on Integration of Science and Technology for Sustainable Development (ICIST 2015),
“Biological Diversity, Food and Agricultural Technology” during November 27-29, 2015 at Agricultural Genetics Institute (AGI),
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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2. 2
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Introduction

3. 3
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ISSUES in SOLID ORGANIC FERTILIZER
APPLICATION
SOLID
organic
fertilizer
1. Slow
release
2. Delay early
growth
DISADVANTAGES
Less
Effective
Nutrient
Source
LIQUID
organic
fertilizer
SOLUTION
COMMON PRACTICES
IN ORGANIC FARMING

4. Introduction
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Materials and Methods
1. Location : 950 m above sea level, at CAPS station
2. Land : 3 years of organic production, fertilized
with 15 ton ha-1 of Solid Organic fertilizer.
1. Time : July to October 2014
2. Design : Factorial Randomized Complete Block,
3 replicates
4. Carrot : Local variety
5. Treatments :
LOF concentrations; 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 ppm
Production of Tithonia-enriched LOF:
By mixing 10 kg cattle’s faeces, 20 l cattle’s urine, 5 kg of
topsoil, 10 kg of tithonia biomass, 20 l solution of 24-hour
incubated 20 ml EM 4 + 0.25 kg white sugar. All materials were
mixed and added with water in the blue plastic container to
reach a volume of 200 l and incubated for three weeks

7. 7The production of Liquid Organic Fertilizer
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Concentration TL (cm) TD (cm) TFW (g) STR NTp
0 ppm 16.83 2.62 96.69 0.32 82.00
25 ppm 18.45 2.66 97.70 0.38 87.67
50 ppm 18.29 2.50 99.25 0.33 88.33
75 ppm 16.23 2.36 82.93 0.26 63.33
100 ppm 15.25 1.94 81.19 0.27 79.00
Anova (Prob. > F)
Model 0.0016 0.0212 0.0937 0.4452 0.0012
Block 0.0002 0.0071 0.0135 0.3606 0.0001
Concentration 0.1229 0.1248 0.9018 0.4423 0.3373
CV (%) 8.74 13.19 33.06 27.24 18.99
Orthogonal polynomial (Prob. > F)
Linear 0.6234 0.2898 0.5811 0.3377 0.1965
Quadratic 0.0638 0.6247 0.6001 0.1880 0.1190
Table 1. Concentration effects of tithonia-enriched LOF on tuber length (TL),
tuber diameter (TD), tuber fresh weight (TFW), shoot-tuber ratio (STR),
and number of tuber per plot (NTp)
RESULTS and DISCUSSION

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Our laboratory analysis revealed that this tithonia-
enriched LOF contained 3,36 % N, 146 ppm P, and
0.0325 % K. Nitrogen content of this LOF somehow
comply to the standard quality for organic
fertilizer issued by Indonesian Standardization
Board (SNI 19-7030-2004) where total N should be
> 0.4 %, but no the case of P and K which must be
> 0.10 % (P2O5) and > 0.20 % (K2O), respectively.

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WHY Liquid Organic Fertilizer
(LOF) was less effective ?
1. Tithonia-enriched LOF had low P and K
2. Carrots need higher concentrations of LOF
3. A well adapted local variety
4. Foliar application is less effective for
narrow-leaf crops
5. The absence of surfactant during the
application of LOF.

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Tithonia-based liquid organic fertilizer did
not increase growth and yields of
organically grown carrots.
Future research should be focussed on the use of higher dosages of
solid organic fertilizer in combination with present tithonia-enriched
LOF. Research also should be focessed on application techniques of
tithonia-enriched LOF for organic carrot production.
CONCLUSIONS

12. 12
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to sincerely thank University of Bengkulu for
financing this project through 2014 University Priority Research scheme.
Acknowledgement is also extended to CAPS of Faculty of Agriculture,
University of Bengkulu for providing lands and equipment for field
experiments