This document defines dry heat burns and their local effects. It describes how dry heat such as flames, explosions or radiant heat can cause burns through direct conduction or radiation. The severity of burns depends on factors like temperature and duration of exposure. Burns are classified based on depth, with first degree being erythema and sixth degree being complete charring. They are also classified based on surface area of the body affected. More severe burns impacting larger surface areas can result in fluid loss, shock and even death.

1. Topic: Dry heat(burn) & local
effects.
1

2. Definition:-Burn is an injury produced by application of heat
and chemical substances on external or internal surfaces of
body.
• Minimum temperature for producing a burn is about 44° C for
about 5 to 6 hours.
• At 65°C:- two seconds are sufficient
•Above 70°C :- full thickness destruction of skin occurs within
seconds .
•Dry heat causes burn by direct conduction & radiation

3. • Highly heated soild body
• By flame
• By Inflammable substances(petrol,kerosene.)
• By explosions(coal mine, gunpowder)
• Radiant heat burn
• By UV rays & Infrared rays
• By X rays & Radium
• Microwave burn
• Corrosive burn
• Electrical burn

4. Very short time
• Blister and Reddening.
For some time
• It will cause destruction
or even charring of the parts.
• Epidermis : blackened,dry
and wrinkled.
• Hair may be singed .

5. • May or may not produce
vesication.
• Hair get singe .
• Epidermis: blackens .
• Roasted patches of
skin or deeper parts
may be seen.

6. • Usually severe and produce
• Sooty blackening
• Characteristic odour.

7. • Usually very extensive
• Produce skin blackening
and tattooing

8. • Produce erythema & dermatitis .
• Exposure to heat source.
• e.g. sun burn.
• Necrosis of the skin.

9. •vary from redness to
dermatitis.
•Shedding of hair and
epidermis .
•Pigmentation of the
surrounding skin.

10. • Severe : Erythema , blistering or dermatitis or
ulceration with delayed healing and ill-formed scars.
•Fingernails may show degenerative changes and
wart-like growths.

11. • Well demarcated.
• full thickness burns without charring.

12. • Ulcerated patches.
• No blister formed.
• Hair is not singed.
• Red line of demarcation
absent.
• Show distinct colouration
• uniform in character.

13. Based on depth:-
 Dupuytren classification.
 Wilson classifiaction.
Based on surface area:-
 Rule of nine(adult).
 Lund and browder chart(children& infants).

14. Dupuytren classification
• Divided into 6 degree
1st Degree-Erythema.
2nd Degree-Vesication.
3rd Degree-Destruction of epidermis.
4th Degree-Destruction of whole skin.
5th Degree-Destruction of muscle.
6th Degree-Complete charring.

15. 1st degree.
• Erythema.

16. 2nd degree
•Vesication

17. 3rd Degree
•Destruction of epidermis

18. 4th degree.
• Destruction of whole skin.

19. 5th degree.
• Destruction of muscles.

20. 6th Degree
•Complete charring

21. •Wilson classification: merge 6 degrees into
1. Epidermal.
2. Dermo-epidermal.
3. Deep .

22. 1. Epidermal
Degree Histology Appearance Sensation healing
Epidermal Epidermis only Redness,blister, Intact 3-6 days
(1st &2nddegree) Swelling,hair Modrate pain Without scar
singed

23. 2.Dermo-epidermal
Degree Histology Appearance Sensation Healing
Dermo-
epidermal
Epidermis
,dermis,
Shrivelled &
depressed area
Intact 1-3 weeks
(3rd &4thdegree) appendages bordered by severe pain Ulcer heal
Red Blister skins With scar

24. Degree Histology Appearance Sensation Healing
Deep Epidermis
,dermis,
Same as 2nd
degree
lost >3 weeks
(5th &6thdegree) Appendages, More sever No pain(nerve - Ulcer (need
surgery)
Muscles, bones Fully charred End destroyed) With scar
3.Deep

25. Classificationbasedon Surfacearea:-
Theruleofnines
• Bodyparteffected %of burns
• Head& neck 9
• Rtupper limb 9
• Ltupper limb 9
• Rtlowerlimb 18
• Ltlowerlimb 18
• Frontoftrunk 18
• Backoftrunk 18
• Genitals 1

26. • Palmer surface of patient’s hand is about 1% of
surface area.
Surface area involve
o If >20% -fluid loss is marked -resulting in shock.
o If 30% to 50% is fatal.
• Burn on trunk ,lower abdomen ,genitalia are
fatal.
• Aged person are more prone to fatality.

27. Lund and browder chart
Body parts 0 year 1 year 5 year 10
years
15 years
a=1/2 of head 9½ 8½ 6½ 5½ 4½
b=1/2of 1 thigh 2¾ 3¼ 4 4¼ 4½
c=1/2of 1 lower leg 2½ 2½ 2¾ 3 3¼