basis of programme,types,features,steps, strategy, planning,precaution,orgnization,

1. Sub.:- Principles of Seed Technology
Course No. :- APB- 5221
Credit hours:- 3(1+2)
Lecture Topic :- Development of seed programmes.
Presented by:-
Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya
Raipur, C.G.
Presented by:-
Lt. Roshan Parihar, Asstt. Professor (GPB)
Deptt. of Genetics & Plant Breeding
BTC College of Agriculture & Research Station
,Sarkanda, Bilaspur,(CG)-495001

2. Development of seed programme
Qu. What is a seed programme ?
Ans.It is a series of activity of planning and
implementation to multiply and distribute the
seeds on requisite quantity with the excellent
quality.quality.
However the quality seeds production must
depend upon the other agri. inputs such as
irrigation support, farm mechanization, land
leveling, crop protection and the last credit
facilities

3. vk/kkj]/Basis of seed programme
A. High level support:
a. Govt. desire of Agri. improvement.
b. Administrative support at all levels for planning &
implementation.
B. Effective plant breeding programme:
a. Varietal testing programmea. Varietal testing programme
b. Primary introduction ,secondary introduction &
varietal improvement.
C. Co-ordinated effort:
a. Effective extension programme to guide the farmers.
b. Proper TOT to the extension workers by scientist.

4. Types of seed programme
OFFICIAL SEED
PROGRAMME
Eg.Agri dept. run
seed programmes.
SEMI-OFFICIAL SEED
PROGRAMME
Eg.NSC ,SSC run seed
programmes
PRIVATE SEED
PROGRAMME
Eg.Pvt enterprise
handle seed
programmes in US &
Europe

5. FEATURES OF OFFICIAL SEED PROGRAMME.
a. Not concerned for return on investment.
b. Resulted due to political pressures.
c. Such programmes are not very efficient.
FEATURES OF SEMI-OFFICIAL SEED PROGRAMME.
a. Remote form of direct govt. participation.a. Remote form of direct govt. participation.
b. Agencies come under companies act handle.
c. Agencies works autonomously.
d. Agencies are more commercial in nature and
management than govt.
e. Such agencies are efficient and profit oriented.
f. Examples are NSC, SSC, SFCI etc.

6. Steps involved in a seed programme.
The collection of pertinent data on following aspects.
a. Availability of superior varieties.
b. Areas of adaptation and yield.
c. Farmers preferred varieties.
d. Availability of other inputs viz.irrigation,farm
implements, crop protection and credit facilities.
e. Target of HYV production fixed by central govt.e. Target of HYV production fixed by central govt.
f. Target of other crops rather than the specific crop.
g. Efficiency of extension agencies for the popularization
of varieties for demand creation.
h. Collection of climatological data of several years.
i. POP required for raising seed crops.
j. Size of farms,methods of cultivation and harvesting
technique of seed growers.

7. Assignment of broad role to various agencies involved in
a seed programme.
a. Seed certification agencies for certification via
inspection,sampling and testing..
b. State seed corporation for production and distribution.
c. Seed law enforcement agencies for seed law.
d. State seed testing laboratory for seed testing.
e. SAU’S & CRI’S impart training at state level.e. SAU’S & CRI’S impart training at state level.
f. ICAR acts as a guide, promoter and coordinator of
agriculture research.
g. NSC acts as producer of foundation seed and
multiplication for pre release variety
h. Seed control order must be regulated by seed
inspectors.

8. Basic strategy of seed
production.
• Integrated development of all inputs.
• Compact area approach for tech. guidance
from sowing to distribution stage.
• System of production:
a. Contract systema. Contract system
b. Shareholder system.
• Criteria for site selections:
a. Area should have favorable climate for high
quality seed production preferably more than
one season.
b. Favourable conditions for seed srorage.

9. c. Areas with high monsoon and rainfalls are avoided.
d. Irrigated areas are selected for maximizing seed
multiplication ratios.
• Technical guidance:
a. Involvement of SAU’S & CRI’S with seed programme
with following objectives.
b. Breeding & screening of new varieties.b. Breeding & screening of new varieties.
c. Multiplication of Nucleus,breeder,Foundation seed.
d. Provides service facilities for seed certification and
seed testing.
• Choice of varieties adapted to the selected
agro-climatic area for which cultivators demands
exists.

10. General guidelines for planning the seed programme
1. Decide the basic strategy and specific role of
various agencies first.
2. Fix the target of seed production on the basis of
pertinent data.
3. Calculate the production requirement for each
generation.breeder,foundation,certified
4. Production requirement should be calculated on4. Production requirement should be calculated on
the basis of seed rate and seed multiplication
rate
5. Example : let take if Rice SMR is 1:25 than one
qtl breeder seed sown on 1 hec field ,it produces
25 quintal of foundation seed, further 25 qtl
foundation seed sown on 25 hec produces 624
qtls of certified seed.

11. 6. Prepare a flow chart for the activities to be
done,and to by whom for inspection,
certification,sampling,testing.
7. When different agencies are playing role than
their requirements are separately managed.
8. Work out the cost of equipment and structural
facilities.
9. Recruit the personnal for the activities of field
and lab.
10.Chalk out seed marketing and pricing structure.
11.Prepare a schedule of production for four year
period.
12.Detail of any other anticipated situation.

12. Necessary precaution in planning the programme.
• Plan should be prepared by group of
knowledgeable seed technologist.
• Seed technologist must be coordinated with
engineers for mechanical operations and
storage and drying operations.
• Seed technologist must coordinate with all• Seed technologist must coordinate with all
those agencies whoever are involved on the
operations.
• When the blue print has prepared it should
subjected under serious competent review.
• Plan should not be made in hurry.

13. Organization of seed programme
OFFICIAL SEED
PROGRAMME
Eg.Agri dept. run
seed programmes.
SEMI-OFFICIAL SEED
PROGRAMME
Eg.NSC ,SSC run seed
programmes
PRIVATE SEED
PROGRAMME
Eg.Pvt enterprise
handle seed
programmes in US &
Europe

14. Organization chart of a seed corporation.
Board of Directors
Managing Director
Company Secretary & Administration
Chief Production Chief Marketing and
Quality control
Seed Processing
Plant Managers
Chief account and
FinanceQuality control Plant Managers Finance
Seed production
Sales and
Distribution
officer
Quality control
officer
Marketing
planning &
distribution officer Account officer
Audit & Cost
Control officer

15. Problems experienced on running the seed programme.
Problems associated with planning ang organization.
LACK OF COORDINATION:
a. Among agencies involved.
FAULTY PLANNING:
a. Administrator orders to plan the seed
programme.programme.
b. Assigns agronomist or breeder to plan the
programme with no instructions.
c. Plan approved without the competent review.
d. Plan implemented and equipment purchased and
facilities developed.

16. e. Sometimes catalogue of machinery finalize
the seed program on their capability basis
written on the catalogue without the
knowledge of practical experience.
CONFLICTING ADVICE BY ADVISORS :
a. Generally US or Western Europe advisors area. Generally US or Western Europe advisors are
involved in seed programs of dev. Country.
b. Their plan are very much tightly regulated and
encourage private sector.
c. Their suggestions are not well understand by
the dev. Countries and impede the progress.

17. NON CONCERN ABOUT SEED: Seed programme by the
higher officials is the most frustrating problem.
Problems resulting from insufficiently trained person
Insufficient trained personal may divert the path of
the programme.
Technical and operational problems:
Tropical climates:
a. Tropical or sub tropical climates are characterized bya. Tropical or sub tropical climates are characterized by
wet and dry seasons alternately with high temp and
humidity.
b.Tropical climates pose serious problems in drying and
storage, invite the stored grain pests to activate and
damp weather tends to deteriorate the quality of
seed stored.

18. Facilities ,Equipment and Repairs:
a. Seed production concentrated on few areas
rather than discrete one.
b. Convenient locations results in higher seed
produce for drying,cleaning,treating and
packaging and storage in a shorter period.
c. Sun drying is risky and hence forced airc. Sun drying is risky and hence forced air
drying must be present on the locations.
d. Manufacturers of high capacity operations
are limited on the country and hence
depended on abroad for the supply.
e. Handler must also be brought from abroad.

19. f. Incase of wear and tear of the machine the
THROUGH proper cannel problem for the
order of the broken part takes a lot of time ,
and it leads to stop the programe for a long
time.
g. Equipment used In seed operations must be
of need capacity and type so that qualityof need capacity and type so that quality
seed must come out.
h. Locally fabricated equipments must be
ordered and used and must be repaired
easily with less time.

20. • Lack of competent supervision
a. Well establish office cant do.
b. A civil servent cant do.
c. A specialist can do.
d. Machines itself cant do.
• Small production units
a. Seed production problem vary in different
countries eg. Presence of small holding in many
countries.
b. Small holding waste the time and resource .
c. Machineries will not show their proper efficiency.

21. d. Inspection and certification is a tough task.
• Low quality seed
a. Technical and operational deficiencies results low
quality seed.
b. New purchaser expects a high quality seed rather
than the seeds he saved.
c. From the first look seed should show its quality.c. From the first look seed should show its quality.
d. Climate however deteriorate the seed
programme but knowledgeable producers ,
inspectore ,technicians , and managers can cope
up the problem with their extra efforts.

22. • Marketing and distribution:
a. This is the main channel where the success of
the seed programme lies.
b. Extension efforts
c. Easy assessable distribution outlets should be
with in the village itself.
d. Equitable distribution to the society to serve the
larger section of society.larger section of society.
• Inexperiance :
a. Inexperianced persons may deteriorate the
system.
b. Proper time and training,retraining must sort out
the problem.
c. Person should remain interestfull for the working
operations.

23. thanksthanks