Production Automation

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ASSIGNMENT NO.1
STUDENT NAME: ROOH UL AMIN
REG NO : A1EWT-216005
SUBJECT : PRODUCTION AUTOMATION
Topic : PRODUCTION AUTOMATION
VS
INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION
PROGRAMM: B.TECH (Mech) 4 YEAR (WEEKEND)
SEMESTER: SUMMER 2016
______________________________________________________________________
AUTOMATION
The technique, method, or system of operating orcontrolling a process by highly
automatic means, as by electronic devices, reducing humanintervention to a minimum.
OR
The operation of a mechanical device operated electronically, that
functions automatically, without continuous input from an operator.
OR
The use of methods for controlling industrial
processes automatically, especially by electronically
controlled systems, often reducing manpower.
Automation has been achieved by various means including mechanical,
hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical, electronic devices and computers, usually in
combination. Complicated systems, such as modern factories, airplanes and ships
typically use all these combined techniques.
Is automation “good” or “bad”? There are arguments on both sides of this issue.
On one hand the cost of production on a per item basis is generally lower, on the other
hand it is often said that automation takes jobs from people.

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PRODUCTION AUTOMATION
A process in the development of mechanized production in which the control and
monitoring functions previously performed by humans are transferred to instruments
and automatic devices. Automation of production is the basis of the development of
modern industry and a general trend in technical progress. Its goal is to improve the
efficiency of labor and the quality of manufactured products and to create conditions for
the optimum utilization of all production resources.
 ADVANTAGES OF PRODUCTIONAUTOMATION
1. Reduction in production time
A machine that is automated definitely speeds up the production time since no
thinking is needed by the machine; there is better repeatability, and less human error.
2. Increase in accuracy and repeatability
When an automated machine is programmed to perform a task over and over again,
the accuracy and repeatability compared to an employee is far greater.
3. Higher volume production
Investing in automated equipment creates a valuable resource for large production
volumes, which in turn, will increase profitability.
4. Decrease in Part Cycle Time
A lean manufacturing line is crucial for increasing efficiency. Robotics can work longer
and faster which increases production rate
5. Better Production Control
Automation results in better control of the speed and flow of production as a result of
highly mechanical sequencing.
6. Reduce Production Cost
A quick return on investment (ROI) outweighs the initial setup costs. Robots are so
accurate that the amount of raw material used can be reduced, decreasing costs on
waste.

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 DISADVANTAGES OF PRODUCTIONAUTOMATION
1. Less versatility
By having a machine that can perform a certain task limits to the flexibility and variety
of tasks that an employee could do.
2. Technology limits.
Nowadays technology is not able to automatize all the desired tasks.
3. Large initial investment
Automated machines can be one of the most costly operating costs for a company.
With automated machines running anywhere between thousands and millions of
dollars depending on the type and degree of automation.
INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION
Industrial automation is the use of control systems, such as computers or robots,
and information technologies for handling different processes and machineries in an
industry to replace a human being. It is the second step beyond mechanization in the
scope of industrialization. Industrial automation covers both "Mass production" and
"Assymbly lines" in an industry either it is agriculture, aerospace or automobile etc.
industry.
Industrial automation is the use of control systems (such as numerical control,
programmable logic control, and other industrial control systems), in concert with other
applications of information technology (such as computer-aided technologies
[CAD, CAM, CAx] to control industrial machinery and processes, reducing the need for
human intervention. In the scope of industrialization, automation is a step beyond
mechanization by use of robotic devices to complete manufacturing tasks. Whereas
mechanization provided human operators with machinery to assist them with the
physical requirements of work, automation greatly reduces the need for human sensory
and mental requirements as well

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 ADVANTAGES OF INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION
1. Less human error
No one is perfect, and we are all prone to making mistakes. Which is why a machine
that performs repeated tasks is less likely to make mistakes than an employee?
2. Less employee costs
By adding automated machines to an operation, means less employees are needed to
get the job done. It also indicates less safety issues, which leads to financial
savings. With having fewer employees, there are numerous costs that are diminished
or reduced such as payroll, benefits, sick days, and etcetera.
3. Increased safety
Having automated machines means having fewer employees who perform tasks that
can be dangerous and prone to injury, which can make the work environment safer.
4. Higher volume production
Investing in automated equipment creates a valuable resource for large production
volumes, which in turn, will increase profitability.
 DISADVANTAGES OF INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION
1. More pollution
Different types of machines operate using motor which may require gases or
chemicals in order to operate. This can cause an increase in pollution in the
workplace.
2. Increase in unemployment
By increasing the amount of automation, there are less employees required causing
high unemployment rates.
3. Unpredictable costs
There can be several unpredictable costs that may exceed the actual cost saved by
the automation itself. Some of these costs could include research and development
costs of automating a process, preventative maintenance costs, and the cost of
training employees to operate automated machines.