OIESS 2020 explores emergency scenarios

WELCOME TO
Te Ika-a-Māui OIESS 2020
Dr R.J. (Bob) Williams [Retired]
Cartographer
Topographic Surveyor,
Geographer & Geospatial Scientist
QUALIFICATIONS – Professional
BA Computing Studies (Canberra CAE)
MSc (Cartography) (U Wisconsin)
PhD (UNSW)
QUALIFICATIONS – Trade
Topographic Surveyor
Photogrammetrist
Cartographic Technician
1

The following scenario demonstrates complex demands on an emergency
management organisation.
Suppose that the control room of an emergency management organisation received
notification that an unidentified vessel with 60 passengers has grounded on a small
island at latitude 16.43S and longitude 123.07E.
Ten people have been swept overboard and are missing and one woman is seriously ill.
Logically the first queries might be …
WELCOME TO Te Ika-a-Māui OIESS 2020
Ø A contemporary scenario
2

3

4

In this example, the system may
have no detailed knowledge of
Kimbolton Homestead (the
nearest habitation), but is able to
report that Oobagooma
Homestead has a serviceable
airstrip and a number of four-
wheel drive vehicles.
The system may also be able to
provide comprehensive
infrastructure details for Derby
(the nearest town).
5

The next queries might be …
and
: Determine the best route between these two places
6

: Show an image of the area
ERTS image 07 August 1973
7

At this point, the control room
may be notified that the weather
was characterised as a severe
cyclone and that it had hit Derby,
cutting off communications, and
causing extensive structural
damage …
Example only - image 1980
8

AUTOMATED CARTOGRAPHY
WITH
NAVIGATIONAL APPLICATIONS
R.J.Williams AMAIC
Ø In the year 1980
9
This paper included the concept of a
NATURAL ENGLISH QUERY
LANGUAGE as well as a number of
algorithms and formula

Ø AEPCOTAT & Te Ika-a-Māui OIESS AEPCOTAT
Te Ika-a-Māui OIESS
10

11
Ø Some serious recent events – 2010-11
The beginning of this decade witnessed an array of natural and man-made events that
seriously challenged many nations’abilities to predict, respond, recover and progress
from the effects of tragic events.
Ø Iceland’s Eyjafjallajökull volcanic eruption
Ø Haiti’s and Christchurch’s earthquakes
Ø Queensland’s, New South Wale’s and Victoria’s floods
Ø Western Australia’s fires
Ø Japan’s earthquakes and tsunami
Ø Poland’s Tu-154 air crash
Ø Shen Neng 1 grounding on the Great Barrier Reef
Ø Container ship Rena grounded on Astrolabe Reef, New Zealand
The eruption of the Eyjafjallajökull
volcano on 14 April 2010 affected the
economic, political and cultural activities
in Europe and across the world. There
was extensive air travel disruption
caused by the closure of airspace over
many countries
On 3 April 2010, Shen Neng 1 was
transiting from Gladstone,
Queensland to China carrying a cargo
of 65,000 tonnes of coal. She ran
aground around 70 kilometres off
Great Keppel Island in a restricted
area which forms part of the Great
Barrier Reef Marine Park

12
Ø It is now 2020 & a complex environment
By 2020 the Oceania has become a truly complex environment:

Ø International trade and associated infrastructure costs have become
contemporary challenges driven by very competitive markets in the region. The
efficient management of the infrastructure and the protection of the infrastructure
are vitally important.
Ø Terrorism remains a serious concern in the South-East Asia – Oceania region;
concerns that include the safety of transportation. National security is a high
priority for the nation’s government.
Ø Environmental incidents seem to have become far more extreme and more
common. The past decade has witnessed devastating events that have contributed to
loss of life and high financial costs.

13
Ø Te Ika-a-Māui OIESS
2020
OIESS facilitates natural disaster information integration; commands and controls incident response to national
security tasks; interacts with future navigation systems; and achieves outcomes via an advanced Geospatial
Information Infrastructure
EVENT RECORD AND REPLAY CAPABILITY
GREEN-FLIGHT – HIGHJACK – INTELLIGENT RESPONSE
The future will require new concepts and
models for ‘deep structure’ representing
complex relationships
The future will require
visualization for ‘situation
awareness’ in time and space
The concept of an “Intelligent Airport” is an emerging concept that supports innovative
approaches to airport management. In addition to traditional operational needs the
approach offers functionality to aircraft surveillance (security), control, guidance and
routing capabilities.
The illustrations show sensor (millimetre wave, optical identification) concepts and asset
management concepts.

14
Ø Te Ika-a-Māui OIESS
2020
OIESS facilitates natural disaster information integration; commands and controls incident response to national
security tasks; interacts with future navigation systems; and achieves outcomes via an advanced Geospatial
Information Infrastructure
EVENT RECORD AND REPLAY CAPABILITY
VOLCANO – FIRES– INTELLIGENT RESPONSE
Images of Black Saturday
STANLEY is an autonomous vehicle created by Stanford University’s Stanford
Racing Team in cooperation with Volkswagen Electronics Research Laboratory. It
completed in, and won, the 2005 DARPA Grand Challenge, earning the team the two
million dollar prize, the largest prize money in robotic history. Stanley covered the
212 km (132 mi) off-road course in 6 hours 54 minutes.
What Robots See
Robots don't see the world like humans do. They don't recognize discrete objects
and have little common sense. Instead of seeing, today's robots measure.
The Stanford team invented a technique called ”ADAPTIVE VISION," which allows
its robot, STANLEY, to see farther and drive faster, even as the road changes over
different types of terrain.

15
Ø Towards Te Ika-a-Māui OIESS
1.  The Wellington Workshop [early 2012]
o  Theme – Develop a Strategic Plan for the Future Infrastructure and
Environmental Information Infrastructure for Oceania
2.  Capability Development Process [2012 – 2020]
o  Theme – Development as a Major Capability Study

OUTCOMES:
Description of the domain of geographic features
Agreement of a broad scope of incidents and activities
Agreement on concept and definition of an Environmental & Geographic Information Infrastructure
Action Group development of EGII Capability
OUTCOMES:
Detailed design of OIESS
Design of AEPCOTAT
FORMAL POLICY as a National Capability
Virtual advisers – autonomous vehicles – four-dimensional models of the natural world and events
Revolution in education and training programs
PM Ritchie

OIESS
Support for:
terrorist emergencies
urban and rural search and rescue
multi-agency disaster relief
illegal fishing
illegal immigration
integrated communications
Resources
Coordination of:
agency collaboration
emergency services
integrated communications
asset management
Intelligence
Collaboration with:
national security agencies
maritime agencies
aeronautical agencies
emergency management agencies
Higher
Authority
16
Ø OIESS
– A Command Support Infrastructure
Coordination
Surveillance &
Monitoring
Support for:
natural disasters
incidents and events
terrorist activities
illegal fishing
illegal migration
NOAA photo

Ø Geographic Information Infrastructure
– Application module - OIESS
Photogrammetry
Remote sensing
Cartography
INFORMATION PRODUCTION
OIESS
DATAACQUISITION
Information Management &
Dissemination
Geodetic surveying
Satellite and airborne surveying
Remote sensing
Photogrammetry
Cartography
Readiness assessment
POLICY, DOCTRINE & MANAGEMENT
Needs assessment
“A Geospatial Information
Infrastructure provides information
about the world and is vital is
supporting the development of the
nation and the region”
PM Ritchie
Imagery analysts
Geospatial analysts

18
In 1978, GEOFFREY DUTTON (Harvard University) made what may be the first thematic spatio–temporal hologram, apparently the
only example of holographic four-dimensional cartographic display. A cylinder sixteen inches in diameter, it shows the changes in
population over time as it turns.
The hologram was produced by the program ASPEX from a sequence of images showing U.S. population by county from 1790 to
1970. Each annual surface is based on interpolation from the decennial census data, smoothed onto a grid of 82 by 127 cells.
Starting over the Caribbean, the viewpoint shifts two degrees with each year, rotating full circle with one turn around the image.
The view also moves upward from thirty degrees at the start to sixty at the end.
Back to the Future
Ø 2030 – Towards a Virtual World
Geo-Strategic
Environment
Demography
Infrastructure
Terrain
Environment

19
Ø Reflecting on 911 – We have a problem!
So let’s go Back to the Future!
US Intelligence Reform
“When asked last fall about pending intelligence reform,
former Director of Central Intelligence GEORGE TENET said
he felt like a patient on an operating table who, while being
prepared for brain surgery, found himself surrounded by 12
surgeons, non of whom had gone to medical school”.
By Scottie Barnes, GeoIntelligence
Jan 1, 2005
Thomas Kean, Chairman 9/11 Commission
“Failures in:
²  POLICY
²  MANAGEMENT
²  CAPABILITY
²  And above all in IMAGINATION”
July 22, 2004

20
ADDRESS BY
HIS EXCELLENCY MAJOR GENERAL MICHAEL JEFFERY AC CVO MC
GOVERNOR-GENERAL OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA
ON THE OCCASION OF
THE UNVEILING OF A MEMORIAL PLAQUE COMMEMORATING THE ROYAL AUSTRALIAN
SURVEY CORPS UNITS WHICH SERVED IN WAR
AUSTRALIAN WAR MEMORIAL
9 JULY 2007
“Finally, in acknowledging the tremendous work of Survey units on operations, we must not
overlook the gutsy and demanding work of the thousands who played an equally important role in
mapping Australia, as well as the island nations to our North and East. These soldiers effectively
produced 50% of the entire map coverage of Australia at 1:250 000 and 1:100 000 scale, and
achieved complete topographic coverage of Papua New Guinea, including the extraordinary
complex task of marking and mapping the PNG / Irian Jaya border”.
Ø Back to the Future
Ø  2007 Australia’s Military Mapmakers
“There is an old saying that Engineers build nations, but surveyors plan the world; and when you
look over the proud history of the Royal Australian Survey Corps, you quickly realise this to be true”.

21
Ø  2000 Australia’s Military Mapmakers
“Australians as a whole might still be blissfully unaware and hence unappreciative of the debt of gratitude
owed to the generations of surveyors who have helped make possible the enviable standard of living generally
enjoyed today across the country. Should that situation ever change, and the story receive the wider
recognition that it deserves, then the part within that tale occupied by military mapmakers is worthy of special
acclaim by a grateful nation”.
Christopher Coulthard-Clark’s
Australia’s Military Mapmakers:
The Royal Australian Survey Corps 1915-96
Oxford University Press, Melbourne, 2000
ISBN 0 19 551343 6
Other information from
Valerie Lovejoy’s
Mapmakers of Fortuna
A History of the Army Survey Regiment
Ex-Fortuna Association, Bendigo, 2003
ISBN 0 646 42120 4

22
Ø  1990 Multi-National Cooperation - POLICY
Australian Treaty Series 1990 No 23
AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF AUSTRALIA AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA CONCERNING
COOPERATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE DIGITAL CHART OF THE WORLD
Purpose
The purpose of this Agreement is to establish an understanding and to define arrangements between the Government of Australia and the Government of the
United States concerning cooperative research, development and production of the Digital Chart of the World (DCW), and to serve as the basic reference in the
implementation of the said cooperation. The United States cooperating agency in this effort is the Defense Mapping Agency (DMA). The Australian cooperating
agency in this effort is the Directorate of Survey - Army (DSVY-A).
Scope of Agreement
The DCW Research and Development initiative has three overriding goals. The first is the establishment of a family of standards which enables the exchange
of digital mapping, charting and geodesy data. The second is the implementation of those standards using information found on 1:1,000,000 scale maps or
charts to create a massive and important first example of actual digital information exchange. The third is to develop and implement tools that exploit the digital
mapping, charting and geodetic information conforming to the digital exchange standards. These goals – STANDARDS, DATA AND TOOLS - shall be made
widely available to influence as broad a community as possible toward interoperability in the digital mapping, charting, and geodesy environment.
Releasability
Because the goal of the DCW is to establish exchange standards for digital mapping, charting and geodesy information not merely between the United States
and Australia, but in as broad a community as possible, all data exchanged shall be unclassified and non-proprietary.
Commercially-developed proprietary software shall not be exchanged under the terms of this Agreement.
This Agreement shall be reviewed by both parties every five years and shall terminate in 15 years. If either party notifies the other of its intention to
terminate this Agreement prior to that time, this Agreement shall remain in effect until one year after notification.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned duly authorized thereto by their respective Governments, have signed this agreement. DONE in duplicate
at Washington DC on the 22nd day of June 1990.

23
Ø  1990 Multi-National Cooperation - POLICY
VPFVIEW developed through DCW
Studies
TILE DESIGN STUDY – DEC 1989
ELEVATION DATA STUDY – FEB 1990
AERONAUTICAL INFO – FEB 1990
VECTOR PRODUCT FORMAT – MAR 1991
and Prototypes
DIGITAL NAUTICAL CHART
DIGITIAL CITIES DATABASE
DIGITAL TERRAIN DATABASE
DIGITAL GAZETTEER

24
Ø  1976 Meeting the Environmental Crisis
Professor Desmond O’Connor, Foundation Professor of Environmental Studies, Murdoch
University gave the Keynote Address to the Second Australian Cartographic Conference,
Adelaide titled ‘Meeting the Environmental Crisis’.
“It is particularly important that Australia develop a capability in this field because
large gaps exist in our knowledge of our own environmental and natural resources. …
… For the future, I believe that cartographers should be thinking of a broadly defined
concept for the operational use of modern sensors, the full range of data processing equipment and
methodology, and large scale communication devices receiving input from space, airborne and
terrestrial platforms for the purpose of carrying out surveys of the earth’s surface, monitoring the
environment, and classifying and compacting the information in environmental data banks so that
real-time or near real-time information may be provided when and where it is required”.
O’Connor concluded:
“I would be happy indeed if I could leave this conference feeling that some enthusiasm had been
aroused for broadening the concept of cartography away from the relatively simple concept of drawing
maps. … When we consider the magnitude of the [environmental] problem, the aspirations of
Stockholm, the technological possibilities open to us, and our responsibilities to the poor of the world,
I hope that historians will not look back and say that we missed what might be our greatest (perhaps
last) opportunity”.

25
Ø  1976 Meeting the Environmental Crisis
AN INTERESTING CV.
In 1954 Desmond O’Connor was appointed a
Lecturer in Civil Engineering at the University
of New South Wales and from 1959-1963 he
was a Senior Lecture in Civil Engineering at
the same institution. He resigned in 1963 to
commence as a Research Engineer with a US
Army Engineering Agency.
From 1967- 1971 Desmond O’Connor served
as Associate Director, then Director, at the US
Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories
Research Institute. Before taking up his
position at Murdoch University in 1973
Desmond O’Connor was Chief, Environmental
Sciences Division, US Army Research Office.
Extract of a Three Dimensional Map produced at the US Army Engineer
Topographic Laboratories under advanced SACARTS software
development as support by the Defense Mapping Agency.
Distributed at the ACSM/ASP Convention, February 1978
O’Connor
‘championed’ the
concept of
Terrain Analysis
using computers

26
Ø  1968-76 Computer Mapping in Australia – Embracing Change
EMINENT PERSON - Frank Bryant was at the forefront of research into computer cartography at the
Survey Regiment in the 1960s and 1970s. In 1969, Francis Bryant was made a member of the Order of
the British Empire (MBE) for his services to photogrammetry.
IBM MINI COMPUTER – IBM 1130
Allowed programs to be written
for the automatic plotting of
grids and graticules
1969
CAMBRIDGE
STEREO-COMPARATOR
Permitted accurate observations to
be measured on aerial photography
for the purpose of aerotriangulation
of strips of photography.
Used as ‘proof of concept’ for
analytical photogrammetry.
First invented in the UK in 1930s
1968
CARL ZEISS JENA
STEREO-COMPARATOR
Used to measure three dimensional
photo coordinates from film
diapositives. The capability was
needed to provide aerotriangulation
data for WILD B8 stereoplotters.
1969

27
Ø  1968-76 Computer Mapping in Australia
– Embracing Change Command support systems

28
Ø  1967 Innovative Research - Topology
BRUCE GRAYDON COOK first developed a topological
data structure for representation of plane region maps in
1967 at CSIRO’s Division of Land Research. An article
titled A Computer Representation of Plane Region
Boundaries was published in THE AUSTRALIAN
COMPUTER JOURNAL, November, 1967
He gave a poster session at an International Land
Evaluation Symposium in Canberra in 1968. Roger
Tomlinson, the so-called ‘father of GIS’, was also there
and invited Cook to join him on his Canadian
Geographic Information System (CGIS) project in Ottawa
where Cook developed a graphic input system for CGIS
using manual tracing on a table digitizer.

In March 1972 the NSW
Government invited CSIRO to
participate in a joint study of
land use on the South Coast of
the State. CSIRO was asked to
undertake a pilot survey of
resources in the area to
provide a ‘rational basis for
planning decisions on a wide
variety of land uses’.
The report titled Land Use on
the South Coast of New South
Wales (1978) include a Chapter
by Bruce Cook on Computer
Methods.
During the period
December 1978 to
February 1979 I worked
with staff at Australia’s
CSIRO Division of Land
Use Research to digitize
terrain pattern maps and
used computer software
written by CSIRO’s Bruce
Cook to form the basis of
trafficability overprints for
the Shoalwater Bay
Training Area.
LAND USE ON THE SOUTH COAST
OF NEW SOUTH WALES
CSIRO TERRAIN
PATTERN MAP
Digitised by SSGT Bob
Williams
1978
SHOALWATER BAY AREA
QUEENSLAND
RASVY TRAFFICABILITY MAP

29
Ø  1946 A Post-War Strategic Imperative
1946 – Australian and New Zealand Association
for the Advancement of Science
• Paper on application of radar to surveying by Director RASVY
1946 – Anglo-American conference
• Dominion participation
(AS – Netherlands East Indies)
In December 1946 the Deputy Director Survey UK visited Melbourne for discussion with Colonel
Lawrence FitzGerald. Out of their meeting came an agreement for Australia to hold locally, on
Britain’s behalf and for the joint use of both countries, a stock of maps of South-East Asia that
would serve as a mobilisation reserve in the event of future strife in the region. In March 1947
advice was received from Singapore that the UK was ready to begin sending the promised
material, expected to total a minimum of 3.5 million maps and require floor space of about 5000
square feet for storage! In May the UK War Office asked FitzGerald whether he would accept the
Office’s library of record copies of maps (17,000) and reference collections of about 2,000 books.
These requests made plain the important place that Australia was being pressed to fill within a
scheme of alliance cooperation in regard to the military defence of the region.
Brigadier L. FitzGerald, OBE
[ANZAC Day 1978]
He was an Honorary Fellow of the
Australian Institute of Cartographers; the
inaugural Medallist of the Institution of
Surveyors; a Member of the Australian
Institution of Navigators; and a Member
of the Royal Historical Society of Victoria
Further emphasising this aspect was the opportunity that subsequently arose for FitzGerald
to visit Britain in mid 1947 to attend two important conferences: the Commonwealth Survey
Officers Conference in August, and a Military Mapping and Aeronautical Charting Conference
held immediately afterwards. It was probably the military mapping conference in England that
brought home to FitzGerald the extent to which Australia was being drawn into the widening web of alliances and agreements that
characterised the immediate post war period. At a previous Anglo-American conference on military map and air chart policy, held in
October 1946, these two powers agreed to each accept particular responsibility for map production for half the world. Now Britain was
asking its dominions to accept a further subdivision of its share. Australia was invited to accept the Netherlands East Indies as an area of
primary interest. Under the same scheme the US was also given responsibility for New Guinea, as an arrangement that was not meant to
restrict an any way the conduct of operations Australia (as the governing power) might choose to run there.
… … The expectation that the Australian Survey Corps still had an important contribution to make by completing the map coverage of
Australia, requiring in the first place a proper network of triangulation, continued to be an important article of faith that guided certain
actions within the corps. It was, for instance, for this reason that, as FitzGerald explained to the Congress of the Australian and New
Zealand Association for the Advancement of Science held in Adelaide in 1946, considerable interest was being taken in recent
developments in the application of radar to surveying.

30
v  Surveying and mapping in Papua New Guinea 1962-1994
v  Military operations in Vietnam 1965-71
DCP - INDONESIA
MANDUA
GADING 1
GADING 2
GADING 3
GADING 4
GADING 5
CENDERAWASIH 76
CENDERAWASIH 77
CENDERAWASIH 78
PATTIMURA 79
PATTIMURA 80
CENDERAWASIH 80
CENDERAWASIH 81
PATTIMURA 81
NUSA TIMUR 82
NUSA TIMUR 83
NUSA BARAT 84
DCP – SW PACIFIC
Various operations on:
v  Solomon Islands
v  Fiji
v  Tonga
v  Vanuatu
v  Western Samoa
v  Tuvalu
v  Kiribati
v  Nauru
v  Cook Islands
Airborne profile recording
1963
Aerodist distance measurement
1967
Doppler satellite measurement
1974
‘Skai Piksa’ photography
1973
Laser terrain profiling
1974
Semi-direct compilation
(computer assistance)
1973
GPS surveying
1989
Ø  1947 A Post-War Strategic Imperative – Defence Cooperation Programs

31
1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
1918
First mapping from aerial photographs
Early historical developments
1947 Study of radar aids to mapping
1947 Study of photogrammetry
1963 Radar airborne profiling (in PNG)
1964 Airborne surveying (Aerodist in PNG)
1972 WREMAPS (Laser airborne profiling)
1958 Electronic distance measuring (Tellurometer)
1967 Analytical photogrammetry (OMI AP/C)
1973 Satellite surveying (TRANSIT - Doppler)
1976 Satellite surveying (NAVSTAR)
1975 WRE (Laser airborne depth sounding)
1993 LADS
2000 Shuttle Radar
Topography Mission
1988 Laser depth sounding
1990s DSTO Ingara
1998 DTA
softcopy
photogrammetry
Operation Gading 1
Sumatra 1971
1991 RASVY JP42 (soft copy)
Tellurometer Trials
1958
Ø  1947 A Post-War Strategic Imperative – Technology Development

32
On 3 July 1915, just ten weeks after the Anglo-French landings at Gallipoli
in which the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps played a leading
role, a notice in the Commonwealth Gazette promulgated the decision to
form the Survey Section into a separate unit of the permanent military
forces to be known as the ‘Survey Corps’.
According to this announcement, the new body had already come into
existence with effect from 1 July. Precisely what lay behind this step (which
was highly unusual in that it departed from the practice of the British
Army), and the circumstances that prompted it at this particular time,
remains unknown today.
The Australian Survey Corps was placed on the Order of Precedence of
Corps after the Royal Australian Engineers.
Ø  1915 Military Surveying & Mapping
- Recognition of a Capability

33
Ø  1915 Military Surveying & Mapping
SURVEYING IN THE SINAI
TERRAIN INTELLIGENCE
IN BELGIUM
MAPPING FROM AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY
ON THE PALESTINE FRONT
LT. Murray, as a topographer, was despatched in 1917 to the front in Sinai where the Egyptian
Expeditionary Force was pressing against a Turkish defensive line stretching from the sea at
Gaza to Beersheba. While working alone one day close to enemy lines near Aqaba, Murray was
alarmed to be surrounded by a band of armed horsemen. Their commander was T.E. Lawrence,
who merely demanded to know what the surveyor was doing.
Messines,
Belgium
Warrant Officer Shiels arrived in Egypt on 16 January 1916 and was attached to the
Topographical Section that formed part of the Intelligence Branch at General
Headquarters, Egyptian Expeditionary Force. He was promoted Lieutenant in
December 1917 and played a commendable role in assisting Captain H.H. Thomas of
the Royal Flying Corps in conducting investigations that, by the start of 1918, had
produced a workable system of mapping from aerial photographs

34
James Cook
portrait by Nathaniel Dance, c.1775,
National Maritime Museum, Greenwich
Captain James Cook
...” the ablest and most renowned navigator this or any country hath produced. He
possessed all the qualifications requisite for his profession and great undertakings ...”
- Lord Palliser, Cook's superior in the Navy
Ø  1770 Explorer, navigator & cartographer
Captain James Cook
... I had ambition not only to go farther than anyone had been
before, but as far as was possible for man to go …
The Journal of Captain Cook - Second Voyage

35
Ø It really is all about culture:
Ø It’s about having an intelligence view with engineering skills
It’s about CARTOGRAPHY:
It’s about Claudius Ptolemy and Gerardus Mercator
It’s about CARTOGRAPHIC INTELLIGENCE:
It’s about Henry VIII and Nain Singh
It’s about EXPLORATION and DISCOVERY:
It’s about James Cook and Thomas Mitchell
It’s about the SHAPE OF THE EARTH:
It’s about Giovanni Domenico Cassini and Charles-Marie de la Condamine
It’s about INNOVATION and INVENTION:
It’s about Nicholas Chrisman and F Vivian Thompson
It’s about MANAGEMENT and DIRECTION:
It’s about Vanessa Lawrence and Lawrence FitzGerald

36
It is time for a new era to begin!
It is time for the Surveying and Mapping discipline to
take a preeminent place in our nation’s management
It is time for Geodesists and Cartographers to take
lead scientific roles in key organisations and agencies
It will be then that the vision of
AEPCOTAT & Te Ika-a-Māui OIESS
will be realised!
It is time for IMAGINATION!

SSGT Bob Williams
Programming a military symbol overlay
On a Tektronix 4014 in 1978
Dr Bob Williams
Presenting at a conference in South Australia
In 2007
Thank You – Videre Parare Est
Indocti discant et ament meminisse periti
The unlearned may here learn, and the learned may reflect on what they knew before

OIESS 2020 explores emergency scenarios

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