speed controller

1. SPEED CONTROLLER
PRESENTED BY

2. • Excessive or inappropriate speed is a significant factor in serious road
accidents. Road safety authorities around the world devote considerable
resources to addressing the speeding problem particularly compliance
with speed limits. One countermeasure that is gaining increasing
attention is the use in vehicle technology to assist drivers keep to speed
limits or even prevent the vehicle from exceeding speed limits on all roads
at all times. This is known as Intelligent speed Adaptation.
• Intelligent speed Adaptation (ISA) is the generic name for advanced
system in which the vehicle knows the speed limit for the road currently
being travelled on. That Information can be used to display the current
speed limit inside the vehicle and warn the driver when he or she is
speeding. The technology is of interest because of the known relationship
between speed and risk of an accident and also because of the
relationship between speed and injury severity in an accident.
INTRODUCTION

3. Block Diagram of Working model
transmitter

4. Block Diagram of Working model
Receiver

5. Block Diagram of overall system
design of practical system

6. Circuit Diagram of Transmitter Card

7. Circuit Diagram of Receiver Card

8. Frame Format of Transmitting Frame

9. Present Designing of Practical Vehicle
Systems

10. Required Design of Practical Vehicle
System

11. Overall Design of practical system

12. FLOW CHART

13. PCB LAYOUT

14. PCB DESIGNING

15. ADVANTAGES
• Road Accident Savings – with the help of ISA, there is a decrement in road
accidents due to unlimited and uncontrolled speed of the vehicles. By using ISA, all
the vehicles will be run in the maximum speed limit of respective areas.
• Environmental benefits – As it is clear from the description of ISA, it reduces the
consumption of fuels. This ultimately results in reduced harmful emission. There
are also noise and amenity benefits with the implementation of ISA.
• Displaying traffic related information inside the Vehicle – in the ISA implemented
vehicles, we can display any useful information inside the vehicle which will
helpful to the driver during the travelling periods. as an example if there is any
blind curve ahead the traveling path or there is any construction is going on in a
highway then these useful information's can be displayed in the display section
inside the vehicle before reaching to that particular zone.
• Increment or decrement in the speed limit according to the traffic requirement –
with the implementation of ISA, we can change in the speed limit of a particular
are by changing the speed limit at the transmitting section. So according to traffic
conditions we can increase or decrease the speed limit of vehicles.
• Simpler and reliable technology – ISA technology do work, are robust and reliable.
This is technically simple, much simpler than other automatic devices such as
collision avoidance system.

16. DISADVANTAGES
• There are following disadvantages of the ISA system.
• Increases the traveling time – the implementation of the ISA system directly and indirect increase
the traveling time of the person, because due to restriction in the speed, one can not drive its
vehicle above a safe speed as can drive in the absence of the ISA.
• Causing problem of overtaking – ISA system could potentially cause a problem if speed will limited
in mid-overtaking. There will be overtaking problem between the ISA – ISA and ISA – NONISA
systems.
• Increase the traffic problem – ISA system will increases the traffic problem in the areas where
more number of vehicles are passing every time such as junctions of roads and highways.
• Increases the harmful effects due to radiations of powerful transmitting signals - in the practical
implementation, ISA uses powerful transmission link for transmitting data which will harmful for
the human body due to strong radiations of signals during transmission.
• Risky for high speed moving light vehicles – ISA system is risky for those light vehicles which are
move at a very high speed the reason is that when ISA implemented vehicle which are moving at a
very high speed in non ISA implemented zone, entering in a new zone where the required speed is
very low compared to speed of moving vehicle then ISA system of the vehicle tries to reduce the
speed of the vehicle immediately which will causing an unbalancing problem to drivers.

17. LIMITATIONS
• There are some limitations of the ISA system such as
• Not working when the weak signal is received – ISA system will not perform its operation when it
will very away from transmitter, due to poor reception of signal.
• Not working when vehicle is off during traveling – ISA System will not perform its operation at the
moment at which somebody off its vehicle the reason is that ISA system continuously compared
the speed of the moving vehicle with the received signal i.e. permitted speed and perform
necessary calculation through PID loop and ECU (Electronic Control Unit) to decreases the speed of
the vehicle. When vehicle will off during traveling then the data of present speed of the vehicle will
not available for calculation and hence the required speed can not be obtained.
• Not working when more number of vehicles are passing from a particular zone – ISA system will
not work in such type of zones from where more number of vehicles are passing every time or at
any particular instant such as after any gathering etc. this is because of jamming of GSM network.
The jamming condition will occurred because there will be only one tramsitter for controlling of all
the vehicles i.e. for transmitting the signals and receiver i.e. vehicles are more in numbers and
hence will causing jamming of network.
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18. PRECAUTIONS
• 1) Frist check all component as per the circuit.
• 2) Check transistor.
• 3) Pay proper attention to the polarity of capacitors and diodes while
assembling.
• 4) While mounting transistor be sure that you have connected collector,
emitter and base properly.
• 5) Clean PCB after soldering so those components do not short.
• 6) Remember the anode and cathode of diode before fitting.
• 7) Remember to check dry soldering and short circuit.
• 8) IC should be mounted on IC base.
• 9) Take care in wiring the circuit to avid loose connection.
• 10) Check for print short after soldering.
• 11) Please use resistance of the exact value as given in the circuit.
• 12) Check primary and secondary winding of the transformer before connecting.
• 13) The insulation of the wire inside the modes should be of good quality.

19. REFRENCES
• Electronic devices and circuit theory
• Electronic projects.
• Microelectronic circuits
• Electronic for you.