3. Objectives:
1. Cite the essential features related to
the history of total quality
management
2. Discuss the Deming Philosophy
4.
5.
6. The roots of Total Quality Management
(TQM) can be traced back to early 1920s when
statistical theory was first applied to product
quality control. This concept was further
developed in Japan in the 40s led by
Americans, such as Deming, Juran and
Feigenbaum. The focus widened from quality of
products to quality of all issues within an
organisation – the start of TQM.
7. The history of total quality management (TQM) began initially as a term coined by the
Naval Air Systems Command to describe its Japanese-style management approach
to quality improvement. An umbrella methodology for continually improving the quality
of all processes, it draws on a knowledge of the principles and practices of:
-The behavioral sciences
-The analysis of quantitative and nonquantitative data
-Economics theories
-Process analysis
8. The following shows the history of Total Quality Management, from inspection to business excellence:
-Inspection
-Quality Control and Statistical Theory
-Quality in Japan
-Total Quality
-Total Quality Management
-Quality Awards and Excellence Models
-Business Excellence
-How the BPIR can help Quality Practioners and Managers
9. Inspection
Inspection involves measuring, examining, and testing products, process
and services against specified requirements to determine conformity.
The use of inspection has been evident throughout the history of organised
production. In the late Middle Ages, special measures were taken to inspect
the work of apprentices and journeymen in order to guard the Guild against
claims of makeshift or shoddy work.
10. Quality Control and Statistical Theory
Quality Control was introduced to detect and fix problems along the production line
to prevent the production of faulty products. Statistical theory played an important
role in this area. In the 1920s, Dr W. Shewhart developed the application of
statistical methods to the management of quality. He made the first modern control
chart and demonstrated that variation in the production process leads to variation in
product. Therefore, eliminating variation in the process leads to a good standard of
end products.
11. Quality in Japan
In the 1940s, Japanese products were perceived as cheep,
shoddy imitations. Japanese industrial leaders recognised
this problem and aimed to produce innovative high quality
products. They invited a few quality gurus, such as Deming,
Juran, and Feigenbaum to learn how to achieve this aim.
12. Total Quality
The term ‘total quality’ was used for the first time in a paper by
Feigenbaum at the first international conference on quality control
in Tokyo in 1969. The term referred to wider issues within an
organisation.
13. Total Quality Management
In the 1980s to the 1990s, a new phase of quality control and management began.
This became known as Total Quality Management (TQM). Having observed Japan’s
success of employing quality issues, western companies started to introduce their
own quality initiatives. TQM, developed as a catch all phrase for the broad spectrum
of quality-focused strategies, programs and techniques during this period, became
the centre of focus for the western quality movement.
14. Quality Awards and Excellence Models
In 1988 a major step forward in quality management was made with the
development of the Malcolm Baldrige Award in the United States. The
model, on which the award was based, represented the first clearly defined
and internationally recognised TQM model. It was developed by the United
States government to encourage companies to adopt the model and
improve their competitiveness.
15. Business Excellence
TQM models are often called Business Excellence Models.
Also, TQM itself is now often called Business Excellence.
This is to distinguish the “new TQM” from the past work on
TQM.
16. How the BPIR can help Quality Practioners and Managers
The BPIR.com website was launched in April 2002. It was developed by the Centre
for Organisational Excellence Research (COER), Massey University and later
formed into BPIR.com Ltd. Steve Welch one of the creators of the resource serves as
the Managing Director and Dr Robin Mann, founder and creator, as the Commercial
Director. Dr Robin Mann is also the Director of the Centre for Organisational
Excellence Research and Chairman of the Global Benchmarking Network.
18. Dr. William Edwards Deming (October
14, 1900 – December 20, 1993) was an
American engineer, statistician, professor,
author, lecturer, and management
consultant. Educated initially as
an electrical engineer and later specializing
in mathematical physics, he helped
develop the sampling techniques still used
by the U.S. Department of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
19.
20. Deming's 14-Point Philosophy:
A Recipe for Total Quality
We owe this transformative thinking to Dr. William Edwards Deming. A
statistician who went to Japan to help with the census after World War II, Deming also
taught statistical process control to leaders of prominent Japanese businesses. His
message was this: By improving quality, companies will decrease expenses as well
as increase productivity and market share.
38. Conclusion
Deming's 14 points have had far-reaching effects on the business world.
While they don't really tell us exactly how to implement the changes he
recommends, they do give us enough information about what to change. The
challenge for all of us is to apply Deming's points to our companies,
departments, and teams. Taken as a whole, the 14 points are a guide to the
importance of building customer awareness, reducing variation, and fostering
constant continuous change and improvement throughout organizations.
