Enabling applications to really thrive (and not just survive) in cloud environments can be challenging. The original 12 factor app methodology helped to lay out some of the key characteristics needed for cloud-native applications... but... as our cloud infrastructure and tooling has progressed, so too have these factors. In this workshop we'll dive into the extended and updated 15 factors needed to build cloud native applications that are able to thrive in this environment, and get hands-on with open source technologies and tools (including MicroProfile, Jakarta EE, Open Liberty, OpenJ9, and more!) that can help us achieve this.

1. www.developersummit.com
Thriving in the Cloud:
Venturing Beyond the 12 Factors
Rich Hagarty
IBM Developer Advocate
Gireesh Punathil
IBM Master Inventor, Architect
Your
company
logo here

2. Presenters
GIREESH PUNATHIL
• Software Engineers @ IBM
• Focused on cloud-native Java
technologies
• Based in the India and USA
RICH HAGARTY
@rhagarty8
@gireeshpunam

4. What does the Cloud offer?
Co$t Speed
Speed
Speed
Speed
Speed
Speed
Resiliency
Innovation
Scalability
@gracejansen27

6. 12 Factor Apps
@gracejansen27

7. 12 Factor App Methodology
https://12factor.net/

8. The original 12 factors:
1. Codebase
2. Dependencies
3. Configuration
4. Backing Services
5. Build, release, run
6. Processes
7. Port Binding
8. Concurrency
9. Disposability
10. Dev/prod parity
11. Logs
12. Admin Processes
https://12factor.net/

9. Revised 15 factors
1. One Codebase, one application
2. API first
3. Dependency management
4. Design, build, release, and run
5. Configuration, credentials and code
6. Logs
7. Disposability
https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/beyond-the-twelve-factor/9781492042631/
8. Backing services
9. Environment parity
10. Administrative processes
11. Port binding
12. Stateless processes
13. Concurrency
14. Telemetry
15. Authentication and authorization

10. Revised 15 factors
1. One Codebase, one application
2. API first
3. Dependency management
4. Design, build, release, and run
5. Configuration, credentials and code
6. Logs
7. Disposability
https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/beyond-the-twelve-factor/9781492042631/
8. Backing services
9. Environment parity
10. Administrative processes
11. Port binding
12. Stateless processes
13. Concurrency
14. Telemetry
15. Authentication and authorization

11. The Original
12 Factors
@gracejansen27

12. 1. One codebase, one application
Production
Staging
Q/A
DevSecOps
Developer
Codebase
Deploys
1. CodeBase
@gracejansen27

13. 1. One codebase, one application
1. CodeBase
Production
Staging
Q/A
DevSecOps
Developer
Codebase
Deploys
@gracejansen27

14. 3. Dependency management
2. Dependencies
Application Source
Code
Makes use of…
@gracejansen27

15. 3. Dependency management
2. Dependencies
Application Source
Code
Makes use of…
@gracejansen27

16. 4. Design, build, release, run
5. Build, release, run
CI/CD
Design Build Release Run
@gracejansen27

17. 4. Design, build, release, run
5. Build, release, run
CI/CD
Design Build Release Run
@gracejansen27

18. 5. Configuration, credentials and
code
3. Configuration
Application
Uses…
@gracejansen27

19. 5. Configuration, credentials and
code
3. Configuration
Application
Uses…
https://openliberty.io/guides/microprofile-config.html
@gracejansen27

20. 6. Logs
11. Logs Message
Broker
Interested
Service
Interested
Service
Logger
@gracejansen27

21. 6. Logs
11. Logs Message
Broker
Interested
Service
Interested
Service
Logger
@gracejansen27

22. 7. Disposability
9. Disposability
Carl the Cat
Chickens Pet
VS
@gracejansen27
3 4
1
5
2
6
7

23. 7. Disposability
9. Disposability
Carl the Cat
https://openliberty.io/guides/microprofile-fallback.html
@gracejansen27
3 4
1
5
2
6
7
Chickens Pet
VS

24. 8. Backing Services
4. Backing Services
Backing
Service
Application
Backing
Service
Backing
Service
Backing
Service
@gracejansen27

25. 8. Backing Services
4. Backing Services
Backing
Service
Application
Backing
Service
Backing
Service
Backing
Service
@gracejansen27

26. 9. Environmental parity
10. Dev/Prod Parity
Development Q/A Production
= =
@gracejansen27

27. 9. Environmental parity
10. Dev/Prod Parity
Development Q/A Production
= =
https://openliberty.io/guides/microshed-testing.html
@gracejansen27

28. 10. Administrative processes
12. Admin Processes
https://openliberty.io/guides/kubernetes-intro.html

29. 11. Port Binding
7. Port Binding
Service A Service B Service C
http://<a_dns>:3030 http://<another_dns>:4040 http://<som_other_dns>:5050
@gracejansen27

30. 11. Port Binding
7. Port Binding
Service A Service B Service C
http://<a_dns>:3030 http://<another_dns>:4040 http://<som_other_dns>:5050

31. 12. Stateless processes
6. Processes
Process A
Process B Process C Process D

32. 12. Stateless processes
6. Processes
Process A
Process B Process C Process D
https://openliberty.io/guides/rest-intro.html

33. 13. Concurrency
8. Concurrency
Web.1
Web.2
Worker.1
Worker.2
Worker.3
Worker.4
Clock.1
Workload diversity (process types)
Scale
(running
processes)
@gracejansen27

34. 13. Concurrency
8. Concurrency
Web.1
Web.2
Worker.1
Worker.2
Worker.3
Worker.4
Clock.1
Workload diversity (process types)
Scale
(running
processes)
@gracejansen27

35. Thriving in the
cloud through
the revised 15
factors
@gracejansen27

36. 2. API first
NEW
Application Source
Code
Feedback

37. 2. API first
NEW
Application Source
Code
Feedback
https://openliberty.io/guides/microprofile-openapi.html

38. 14. Telemetry
NEW
Application

39. 14. Telemetry
NEW
Application
https://openliberty.io/guides/microprofile-metrics.html https://openliberty.io/guides/microprofile-health.html

40. 15. Authentication and
authorization
NEW
Application
Authorised
User
Unauthorised
User
RBAC
verification

41. 15. Authentication and
authorization
NEW
Application
Authorised
User
Unauthorised
User
RBAC
verification
https://openliberty.io/guides/microprofile-
jwt.html
@gracejansen27

42. Public or Private Cloud
App
Services
(database,
registry, …)
15-Factor App
App
Artefact repo
Image repo

43. Public or Private Cloud
App
Services
(database,
registry, …)
1. One Codebase,
One Application
15-Factor App
3. Dependency Management
5. Configuration,
Credentials & Code
8. Backing services
4. Design, Build, release, run 11. Stateless Processes
App
11. Port binding
13. Concurrency
7. Disposability
9. Environmental
parity
6. Logs
10. Admin process
Artefact repo
Image repo
2. API First
14. Telemetry
15. Authentication
& Authorization

44. Public or Private Cloud
App
Services
(database,
registry, …)
1. One Codebase,
One Application
15-Factor App
3. Dependency Management
5. Configuration,
Credentials & Code
8. Backing services
4. Design, Build, release, run 11. Stateless Processes
App
11. Port binding
13. Concurrency
7. Disposability
9. Environmental
parity
6. Logs
10. Admin process
Artefact repo
Image repo
2. API First
14. Telemetry
15. Authentication
& Authorization

45. Helpful OSS
tools and
technologies

46. Jakarta EE
© 2021 IBM Corporation

47. https://jakarta.ee

48. Open Source Cloud
Native Java:
Community-Driven
Collaboration

49. javax.* -> jakarta.*

50. Jakarta EE or Java EE

51. MicroProfile
© 2021 IBM Corporation

52. https://microprofile.io

53. What is
MicroProfile?
● MicroProfile is an open-source community
specification for building Java microservices
● A community of individuals, organizations,
and vendors collaborating within an open
source (Eclipse) working group to bring API
optimized for building microservices to the
Java community
microprofile.io
© 2021 IBM Corporation

54. MicroProfile
Contributors
© 2021 IBM Corporation

55. MicroProfile
Vendors/Implementations
© 2021 IBM Corporation

56. MicroProfile 5.0
Stack Reactive
Streams
Operators 2.0
Reactive
Messaging 2.0
GraphQL 1.1
Context
Propagation
1.3
Standalone Projects
LRA 1.0
© 2021 IBM Corporation
https://developer.ibm.com/components/open-liberty/series/what-is-
microprofile/
Jakarta EE
JSON-B 2.0
Jakarta EE
JSON-P 2.0
Jakatra EE
CDI 3.0
Config 3.0
Fault
Tolerance 4.0
JWT
Propagation
2.0
Health
4.0
Metrics 4.0
Open Tracing
3.0
Open API 3.0
Jakatra EE
JAX-RS 3.0
Rest Client
3.0

57. Open Liberty
© 2021 IBM Corporation

58. Open Liberty
© 2021 IBM Corporation

59. Open Liberty 5th
Birthday!
© 2021 IBM Corporation

60. Focus on code
Easy to make fast and iterative changes
Easy to write tests
True-to-production testing (as much as possible)
Ready for containers
Not-in-your-way tools and flexibility
Open Liberty Overview
© 2021 IBM Corporation

61. Developer Experience: dev mode
• Boosts developer
productivity
• Immediate feedback for
code and config changes
• No re-build necessary
mvn liberty:dev
© 2021 IBM Corporation
https://developer.ibm.com/tutorials/achieve-rapid-iterative-cloud-native-application-development/

62. <feature>servlet-4.0</feature>
<feature>jsf-2.3</feature>
Just Enough Runtime
You control which features are loaded into each Liberty instance
Kernel
servlet-4.0
http-2.0 appmgr
jsp-2.3 jsf-2.3
Java EE
© 2021 IBM Corporation

63. API Support
• First shipped in WAS 8.5 in 2012
• Servlet + JSP + JPA
• Web Profile 6 in 2014
• Java EE 7 in 2016 – first commercial
product to certify
• Java EE 8 in 2018 – first to certify
• Jakarta EE 8 in 2019 – first to certify
• Jakarta EE 9 in 2021 – first vendor
compatible implementation
• Eclipse MicroProfile – first to deliver 1.0-
1.4, 2.0-2.1, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0
© 2021 IBM Corporation

64. Developer productivity
Repositories Build
IDEs
Dev Mode
APIs Testing
© 2021 IBM Corporation

65. 66
Kubernetes optimized
• Deliver faster without costly
tuning exercises
• Get optimal performance even
as the environment changes
• Simple Operator-based deploy
and day-2 operations experience
• Supported production-ready
images
• APIs for Kubernetes integration
• Container-based usage tracking

66. Open Liberty Guides

67. Open Liberty Guides https://openliberty.io/guides/

68. Workshop Platform
Skills Network Labs

69. 70
© 2021 IBM Corporation

70. Summary

71. Summary:
• Twelve-factor applications = great start
• But… to thrive in the cloud, we need to look beyond the 12 factors
• 3 Extra Factors:
• API First, Telemetry and Authentication & Authorisation (Security)
• No excuses!
• Lots of open-source tools and technologies available to help
• Action: Evaluate your own applications against these 15 factors and consider
what you could do to enable them to truly thrive in the cloud

72. Useful Resources
• https://openliberty.io/blog/2019/09/05/12-factor-
microprofile-kubernetes.html
• https://developer.ibm.com/articles/creating-a-12-factor-
application-with-open-liberty/
• https://developer.ibm.com/articles/15-factor-applications/
• https://github.com/OpenLiberty/open-liberty-deep-dive

73. 74
Links and Materials
MicroProfile
• MicroProfile Starter: https://start.microprofile.io/
• What is MicroProfile?
https://developer.ibm.com/components/open-
liberty/series/what-is-microprofile/
• MicroProfile Homepage:
https://projects.eclipse.org/proposals/eclipse-microprofile
Open Liberty
• Open Liberty Starter: https://openliberty.io/start/
• Open Liberty Site: https://openliberty.io/
• Open Liberty Guides: https://openliberty.io/guides
• Open Liberty Docs: https://openliberty.io/docs
Other Useful Links
• Microshed Homepage: https://microshed.org/
• Testcontainers Homepage: https://www.testcontainers.org/
• Jakarta EE Homepage: https://jakarta.ee/
All Open Source!
© 2021 IBM Corporation

74. Connect with us
https://www.linkedin.com/company/openlibertyio/ https://twitter.com/OpenLibertyIO

75. Thank You!
Questions?
rich.hagarty@ibm.com
@rhagarty8
https://www.linkedin.com/in/rhagarty/
76