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supply chain.ppt
1. Supply Chain Planning
Dinesh Garg
Indian Institute of Science
Bangalore-India
September 27, 2003
Foundations of
Global Supply Chain Management
2. Outline of the Talk
What is Supply Chain Planning
Supply Chain Planning Process
Supply Chain Planning Decisions
Software Tools
GSCM at Digital Equipment Corporation
Conclusions
3. What is Supply Chain Planning ?
Supply Chain is a set of activities (e.g. purchasing,
manufacturing, logistics, distribution, marketing) that
perform the function of delivering value to end customer
Traditionally, all the business units along a supply chain
have their own objectives and these are often conflicting
There is no single plan to carry out supply chain activities
4. What is Supply Chain Planning ?
There is need for a mechanism through which the
execution of various business activities along a supply
chain can be planned in an integrated fashion.
The supply chain planning is an effort to achieve the
primary goal of “producing and distributing the
merchandise at the right quantity, to the right
locations, and at the right time with minimum system
wide cost” in the presence of conflicting goals of various
business units
9. Supply Chain Planning Decisions
• Supplier
Selection
•Allocation of
Suppliers to the
Plants
•Location, Number,
Capacity of Plants
•What Products to
Produce
•Which Plants to
Produce them
•Location, Number,
Size of Warehouses
• Mode of
Shipment
• Port Selection
• Procurement
Policy
•Warehouse
Allocation
• Inventory
Decisions
• Manufacturing
Policy
• Customer
Allocation
• Distribution Policy
• Vehicle Routing
• Fleet Size
• Production
Schedule
•Scheduling on
Machines
• Workload
Balancing
• Finished Goods
Inventory
• Vehicle Routing
10. Software Packages
i2 Six: A comprehensive solution suite for spend/
production/ revenue/ logistics/ fulfillment optimization
Solution suites for network design & optimization/
manufacturing planning & scheduling/ global logistics
management/ service & parts management
JD EDWARD: The advanced planning software
to synchronize demand & planning/ network
Optimization/ production & distribution planning
11. Software Packages
ARIBA Spend Management: It helps
companies driving down enterprise wide spend
mySAP SCM: A complete supply chain
planning solution
iBann: A complete solution suite from demand
collaboration to order management
12. Results
Companies that
utilized best-in-class
SCM solutions have
Reduced inventory levels by 10-15%
Reduced markdown & scrap by 10-15%
Improved delivery reliability by 95-95%
Used resources10-20% more efficiently
Reduced transportation cost by 10-15%
Reduced cycle time by 10-20%
Reduced outages to 0-5%
14. GSCM at Digital Equipment Corp.
HISTORY
1957: Founded by Ken Olsen
1961: Started Construction of first computer PDP-1
1978: Took Over the majority of minicomputer market
1980: Second Largest Computer company in the world
1990: DEC suddenly found its sales faltering
1998: DEC was sold to Compaq
2002: Compaq was taken over by HP
2003: Digital Global Soft is a well respected IT service
company in India. Earlier it was 51% subsidiary of DEC
15. GSCM at Digital Equipment Corp.
DEC in Late 80s and Early 90s:
1987:
DEC successfully supported a full range of products for over 20
years with 33 plants in 13 countries including 30 distribution and
repair centers
1989-1990:
A mismatch among capacity, infrastructure, and demands of new
markets
1988 - 1993:
Digital reengineered the business processes throughout
manufacturing and logistics.
Corporate Logistics and Manufacturing initiated the development of
GSCM for simultaneously balancing the conflicting attributes of
manufacturing and logistics
16. GSCM at Digital Equipment Corp.
Number, location and capacity of plants
What product to build at which plant
Significance & location of tax heavens
Number, location and capacity of DCs
Which DC should serve which customer
Number and location of repair centers
Optimal design of spare parts
Manufacturing
Logistics
Spare Parts
Decision Variables for GSCM
17. GSCM at Digital Equipment Corp.
Which supplier to keep
Which product to buy in a nation
Which supplier should supply each plant
Location & availability of cheap labor
Length of material pipeline in time
Export regulations, duty rates
Supplier Selection
Miscellaneous
18. GSCM at Digital Equipment Corp.
GSCM minimizes a weighted sum of total cost and activity days
1. Production Costs
2. Inventory Costs
3. Material Handling Costs
4. Taxes
5. Facility/Production Line Fixed Costs
6. Transportation Costs
7. Duty Costs
Objective Function for GSCM
Total cost includes
19. GSCM at Digital Equipment Corp.
Customer demand is met for each product, in each period, in
each customer region
Limits on number of facilities making each product
Limit on number of facilities using each manufacturing style
Fixed charges for products made by each facility
Fixed charges for facilities making any product
Fixed charges for manufacturing style used by each facility
Limited production capacity, inventory storage, and shipping
volume
Constraints for GSCM
20. GSCM at Digital Equipment Corp.
Solution Approach
Users are invited to advise and assist the solver by specifying
with each constraint just how much it would cost to violate the
constraint
Elastic penalties help solver decide which constraints are hard
and which are soft
The solver uses branch and bound enumeration
The problem of realistic size and detail, the GSCM features
constitute a formidable class of large, difficult optimization
problem
21. GSCM at Digital Equipment Corp.
A reduction of $167 million in annual manufacturing cost
A reduction of $200 million in annual logistics cost
Number of plants was to be reduced from 33 to 12
Five times more computers were manufactured
Impact of GSCM on DEC (1990-1994)
Arntzen, Brown, Harrison, and Trafton “ Global Supply Chain Management at
Digital Equipment Corporation”, Interfaces,1995, pp. 69-93
22. Conclusions
Supply Chain Planning: A critical factor in the
success and profitability of a company
Short Product Life Cycle: Improper planning can
take the company out of business
Bad News: Planning is an hard problem to formulate
as well as solve
Good News: Plethora of Commercially available
software for supply chain planning