Learning Activity Sheets related to agriculture

1. Farm tools, implements, and equipment play very important role in
horticulture. Their availability makes the work much easier and faster.
However, even if one may have the most sophisticated tools and implements,
but does not know how to use them, they are useless. In order to do crop
production operations successfully, one must have a good working knowledge
of the tools, implements and equipment before using them.
I
Definition of Terms
1. Farm Equipment - These are machineries used in crop production. They
are used in land preparation and in transporting farm inputs and
products. These equipment need a highly skilled operator to use
2. Farm implements - accessories pulled by animals or mounted to
machineries to make the work easier
3. Farm tools - objects that are usually light and are used without the help
of animals and machines
4. Preventive maintenance - an activity or operation done to prevent
malfunction of tools and equipment and it is done to prolong the useful
life of tools and equipment
5. Repair - to restore to good condition something broken or damaged
6. Planting or Hand sowing - is the process of casting handfuls of seed
over prepared ground, or broadcasting (from which the technological
term is derived).
Hand Held Tools
Hand tools are usually light and are used without the help of animals or
machines. They are being used in performing farm activities which involve
small areas like school garden and home garden.

2. Examples:
Bolo is used for cutting tall
grasses and weeds and chopping
branches of trees.
Figure 1.
Crowbar is used for digging big
holes and for
digging out big stones and
stumps. Figure 2.
Pick-mattock is used for digging
canals,
breaking hard topsoil and for
digging up stones and tree
stumps.
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Figure 3.

3. Grab-hoe is used for breaking
hard topsoil and pulverizing soil.
Figure 4.
Spade is used for removing trash
or soil,
digging canals or ditches and
mixing soil
media.
Figure 5.
Shovel is used in removing trash,
digging
loose soil, moving soil from one
place to
another and for mixing soil media.
Figure 6.

4. Rake is used for cleaning the
ground and
leveling the topsoil.
Figure 7.
Garden Fork
This is a long handled fork which
has 4-5 rounded prongs or tines
used for digging soil in situations
where using a spade may be
difficult and also for turning the
soil over to make it more
workable.
It is used for loosening the
soil,
digging out root crops and turning
over the materials in a compost
heap. Figure 8.
Light hoe is used for loosening
and leveling soil and digging out
furrows for planting
Figure 9.
Hand trowel is used for loosening
the soil around the growing plants
and putting small amount of
manure fertilizer in the soil.

5. Figure 10.
Hand cultivator is used for
cultivating the garden plot by
loosening the soil and removing
weeds around the plant.
Figure 11.
Water pails – for hauling water,
manure and
fertilizers
Figure 12.
Hand fork is used for inter row
cultivation.
- This is a short handled version
as above suitable for use on
smaller areas Figure 13.
Pruning shears is for cutting
branches of planting materials
and unnecessary branches of
plants.
Figure 14.

6. Axe is for cutting bigger size post.
Figure 15.
Knife is for cutting planting
materials and for
performing other operations in
horticulture
Figure 16.
Wheel barrow is used for hauling
trash, manures, fertilizers, planting
materials and other equipment
Figure 17.
Sickle is a hand-held agricultural
tool with a variously curved blade
typically used for cutting weeds.
Figure 18.

7. Sprayers are for spraying insecticides, foliar fertilizers, fungicides and
herbicides
Figure 19.
Farm Implements
These are accessories which are being pulled by working animals or
mounted to machineries (hand tractor, tractor) which are usually used in the
preparation of land. These are usually made of a special kind of metal.
Examples are:
1. Plows. These are farm implements either pulled by a working animal or a
tractor. The plow is specifically used for tilling large areas, making
furrows and inter row cultivation. Plows pulled by working animals are
made of both a combination of metal and wood or pure metal. They are
used to till areas with a shallower depth than that of the disc plows
which are pulled by tractors.
Native plow Disc plow
Figure 20.
1. Harrow. The native wooden harrow is made of wood with a metal teeth
and pulled by a carabao while the disc harrow is made of metal mounted
to a tractor. Harrows are used for tilling and pulverizing the soil.

8. Native wooden harrow Disc harrow
Figure 21.
2. Rotavator. The rotavator is an implement mounted to a tractor used for
tilling and pulverizing the soil.
Figure 22.
PPE/PPA
-Personal Protective Equipment/Personal Protective Accessories
1.Goggles
2.Mask
3.Gloves (rubber)
4.Boots (rubber)
5.Hat
6.Cover All
-jacket
-jogging pants
5’s Housekeeping system
-Is the name of work place organization methodology that uses a list of five Japanese
words which a
1.Seire – (sort)
(TIDINESS, ORGANIZATION)
refers to the practice of sorting and through all tools ,materials ,etc .,in the work
area and keeping only essentials time.

9. 2.Seiton –(systematize)
(ORDERLINES)
-tools equipment and materials must be systematically arranged for easiest
and most efficient access.
-assign a place for everything .The most often used item should be nearest
and ergonomically situated ,meaning –there should be little effort required in
accessing ,using and returning the equipment ,tools and part , even documents .
-There must be a place for everything, and everything must be in place .
3.Seiso (sweep)
(CLEANLINESS: cleaning even if things are not DIRTY)
A regular cleaning schedule prevent things from getting too dirty that it would be
difficult to making it clean and span.
- Indicates the need to keep the work place clean as well as neat.
- Cleaning in Japanese companies is a daily activity. At the end of each shift, the
work area is cleaned up and everything restored to its place.
4.Seiketsu(standardize)
(STANDARDS) maintaining the workplace in high standard house keeping
Allows for control and consistency.
5. shitsuke-discipline
Definition of terms
1. OHS- Occupational health and safety
2. HAZARDS-a risk or chances associated with danger.
3. Safety –the condition of being safe from risk or danger.