Science 9

1. PREVENTION, DETECTION AND
TREATMENT OF DISEASES OF
THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

2. INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF
THE RESPIRATORY TRACT

3. COMMON COLD
• The common cold is a
contagious infection of
the upper respiratory
tract and is usually the
result of a viral
infection.

4. INFLUENZA
• Influenza or flu is a
contagious illness
caused by several
influenza viruses.

5. PNEUMONIA
• Pneumonia refers to
any infection of the
lungs caused by
bacteria, virus, fungi,
or protozoa in rare
conditions.

6. TUBERCULOSIS
• Tuberculosis is an illness
caused by the bacteria
Mycobacterium
tuberculosis, which can
spread via respiration
droplets through
coughing, sneezing, or
spitting phlegm.

7. TUBERCULOSIS
• Inside the lungs, the
bacteria form a lump-
like lesions called
tubercles.
• TB is a curable disease.
If not given proper
medication, it could
lead to death.

8. RESPIRATORY
DISORDERS

9. ASTHMA
• Asthma is a chronic and
allergic condition that
makes the breathing
airways narrow and
swollen, and causes
them to produce extra
mucus.

10. ASTHMA
• Asthmatic individuals
experience:
• Recurring periods of
breathing difficulty
• Wheezing while inhaling
and exhaling
• Shortness of breath
• Coughing

11. BRONCHITIS
• Bronchitis is the
inflammation or swelling
of the breathing passages
(bronchial tube).
• It is caused by viral lung
infections but can also be
triggered by industrial
pollution and tobacco
smoke.

12. BRONCHITIS
• People suffering from
bronchitis have difficulty
breathing and cough with
phlegm.
• Bronchitis comes in two
forms:
• Acute Bronchitis
• Chronic Bronchitis

13. EMPHYSEMA
• Emphysema is a long-term
disease of the lungs caused by
prolonged exposure to
respiratory irritants like
tobacco chemicals and air
pollutants.
• People with emphysema do
not get enough oxygen supply
and cannot efficiently
eliminate carbon dioxide.
• Emphysema is an incurable
disease and no treatment is
available.

14. LUNG CANCER
• Lung cancer is the
uncontrolled growth of
abnormal cells that start off
in one or both lungs; usually
in the cells that line the air
passages.
• The abnormal cells do not
develop into
healthy lung tissue, they
divide rapidly and form
tumors.

15. LUNG CANCER
• Lung cancer can be acquired
through the long-term
exposure to tobacco smoke
which allows more than 70
cancer-causing chemicals to
enter our body.
• If left untreated, the cancer
cells can migrate or
metastasize to other parts of
the body.

16. LUNG CANCER
• Lung cancer is rarely
detected early.
• Treatments include the
removal of the damage part,
chemotherapy and radiation.
• Survival rates for lung
cancer patients remain low.

17. DISORDERS OF THE BLOOD
VESSELS
• Atherosclerosis – the disease of the arteries that is associated
with cholesterol build up called plaque.
• The arteries harden and lose their elasticity and degenerate.

18. DISORDERS OF THE BLOOD
VESSELS
• Stroke – a disorder due to a blockage caused by the hardening of
the arteries in the brain or in neck vessels leading to a brain.
• Thrombus – a blood clot fixed within a blood vessel that can block the
passage of the blood.
• Embolus – a wandering clot that also causes the shutting off of blood flow.
• Stroke can also occur from hemorrhage where a diseased artery
suddenly bursts. This condition is called your cerebral
hemorrhage.

19. DISORDERS OF THE BLOOD
VESSELS

20. DISORDERS OF THE BLOOD
VESSELS

21. DISEASES OF THE HEART
• Coronary Heart Disease – a
disease cause by the inability
of the blood to reach the
coronary arteries of the heart.
• Myocardial infarction – a
technical term for heart attack
associated with damage to a large
part of the heart.

22. DISEASES OF THE HEART
• Hypertensive Heart Disease – a
disease cause by the tightening of
the arterioles due to an elevated
blood pressure called hypertension.
• Tightening of the arterioles
increases the resistance of blood
flow thereby making the heart work
harder than the normal in order to
force the blood through the
tightened blood vessels.

23. DISEASES OF THE HEART
• Rheumatic Heart Disease – a
condition in which permanent
damage to heart valves is caused by
rheumatic fever.
• The heart valve is damaged by a
disease process that generally begins
with a strep throat caused by
bacteria called Streptococcus
pyogenas, and may eventually cause
rheumatic fever.

24. DISEASES OF THE BLOOD
• Hemophilia - is a rare bleeding
disorder in which the blood
doesn't clot normally.
• If you have hemophilia, you may
bleed for a longer time than
others after an injury. This
bleeding can damage your organs
and tissues and may be life
threatening.

25. DISEASES OF THE BLOOD
• Anemia - a condition that
develops when your blood
lacks enough healthy red blood
cells or hemoglobin.
• It affects the ability of the red
blood cells to carry oxygen to
body tissues.

26. DISEASES OF THE BLOOD
• Leukemia - a disorder
characterized by an abnormal
increase in the number of
WBCs.
• The common type of leukemia
is Acute Leukemia which is
common among Children.