Measles is most contagious infectious disease. in this slide I have described Pathogenesis, incubation period, prodromal period, recovery phase. if anyone get benefit from this slide then I will be happy.

2. Measles
Extremely Contagious
A leading cause of Death
among children
areas with low vaccination

3. Measles
(Rubeola)
German Measles
(Rubella)

4. Introduction
Genus: Morbillivirus
Family: Paramyxoviridae
Species: Measles virus (Airborne)
Transmission
Upto 2 hours
 in Air
 on surface
Infects 90 % of nearby non-immune

5. Pathogenesis
Trachea/Bronchi
H
Fusion Protein
(F Protein)
(H protein)
Hemagglutinin
binds to..
--CD46 (on all nucleated
cells)
--SLAM (B/T cells, APCs)
-- Nectin-4
SS
RNA
RNA
Polymeras
e
mRNA
Viral
Protein
Dendritic Cells
&
Alveolar
Macrophages

6. Local
Lymph Nodes
Blood
Intestines Brain

7. Incubation period, Prodromal period,
Symptoms and Recovery phase
10-14 Days
Incubation
Period
Start
Symptoms
Virus enters
body
Cough
Conjunctivitis
Coryza (Stuffy Nose)
Prodromal
Period
Enanthem
(Rash on mucous
Membrane) Koplik Spots
(inside cheeks
opposite molors)
Exanthem
(Red blotchy, maculopapular
Cephalocaudal progression)
4 Days3
Days
Recovery
10-14
Days
Persistent Cough
Most Contagious
Lifelong
Immunity

8. Complications
MEASLES
Lungs Intestines Brain
Pneumonia
Diarrhoea
Encephalitis
Death
Suppresses
Immune System
For upto 6 weeks
Bacterial Superinfection
Otitis media
Bacterial Pneumonia
Complications Worst
Among Infants
Highest
mortality

9. Complication for
Children under 2 Subacute
Sclerosing
Panencephalitis
*7-10 Years Later*
Inflammation of
entire brain
Cause
Persistent measles infection
Abnormal immune response ?
Mutated strain ?
Symptoms
*Initially subtle
e.g.mood changes
*eventually severe
Seizures
Coma
Death

10.  +Immunocompromised
Measles
Immune
response Impaired
* Might Not develop certain symptoms
No enanthem (Koplik spots)
No exanthem (Rash)
*Higher rates of…
Pneumonia
Encephalitis
Higher
Mortality

11. Vaccination
Measles Vaccine
• Live attenuated virus
Given at
12-15 months old &
4-6 years old
95% vaccine efficacy rate
95/100 cases
Would have been
Prevented
With Vaccine

12. Anti-Measles antibody
(Immunoglobulin )
*lasts~9 months *
Mother
Fetus
Across Placenta

13. Treatment
No specific Anti-Viral treatment
*Medications
Treat superinfections
Maintain hydration
Pain relief
Vitamin A
for young children &
Severely malnourished
Boosts Antibody Response
Decrease risk of complications

14. Outbreak Settings
*Vaccine Immunoglobulin*
Household
Contacts
*Pregnant
*Infants