A presentation on the concept of networking

1. Overview Advantage of Network Computer Network Model
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Introduction to Networking
Ranjan
XIthA
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2. Overview Advantage of Network Computer Network Model
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Overview
•Network is a collection of computers or devices linked together
to perform effective and efficient data transfer.
OR
•Anetwork is a way to get “stuff” between 2 or more “things”
•Examples: Mail, phone system, conversations, railroad system,
highways and roads.
•And networking allows the computers to communicate with each
other in an organization.
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3. Overview Advantage of Network Computer Network Model
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Advantages of Network
•Resource Sharing
•The resources that can be shared include both hardware and
software resource. It not only reduces the cost of the network
but also improves the utilization of the device.
•High Speed
•The speed of data communication is greatly improved when the
data is transmitted through the network.
•Effective and Efficient Communication
•The computers make use of the networking software, protocols
and the network devices for communicating between computers.
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4. Overview Advantage of Network Computer Network Model
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•High Reliability
•Network offers reliable communication between computers.
Though the resources are shared only the people who have specific
rights will be allowed to use them.
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5. Overview Advantage of Network Computer Network Model
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Computer Network Models
Peer-to-Peer orWorkgroupModel
In this type of network model, each computer considers itself as a
server or a client.
The advantages of a peer-to-peer network:
Peer-to-peer network has its own user account database.
There is no need for centralized server.
The administration of peer-to-peer network is easy.
It is cheap and easy to install on a small size network.
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•Client/Server orDomainModel
•In a Client/Server model client is a computer, which requests for
service and server is a computer system providing the service.
The client issues a command and requests the server for the
resource.
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•The major functions of client computer are:
•Provides user interface
•Translates the user’s request to the form the computer can
understand
•Sends the request to the serve
•Waits for the response from the client
•Translate the response to the form the user can understand
•Provide the result to the user.
•The functions of the server are:
•Listen to the client's query
•Process the query
•Provide the response to the client
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•The interaction between the server and the client is in the
following order:
•The user creates a query by running the client software
•The client then connects to the server.
•The client sends the query to the server after establishing the
connection
•The server analyses the query
•The server computes the response for the same
•The server sends the results of the query to the client
•Network topology refers to the physical arrangement of
components in a network.
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•Bus Topology - In the bus topology
all the devices are connected to a single
central cable called the main backbone..
•Star Topology - The star topology
uses a centralized device called hub and
all the network devices are connected to
the hub.
•Ring Topology - In ring topology, the
computers are connected to each other
in a loop.
•Mesh Topology - In mesh topology,
each computer in the network is
connected to every other computer in
the network.
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10. Overview Advantage of Network Computer Network Model
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Network Devices
•A Local Area Network (LAN) comprises of different
communication devices such as:
•Hubs - are centralized device in a star topology. A hub takes
incoming signal and repeats it out to all ports on a network.
•Bridges - are connecting devices to connect two Local Area
Networks that use the same protocol like the Ethernet or the
token ring.
•Switches – are data link layer device that enables multiple
physicalLANsegments to be connected to one another.
•Routers – are used to connect two or more networks. It can read
complex addressing information in the packet and can provide
functions such as filtering and isolating the traffic.
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Network Operating Systems
•Network operating system can be defined as an operating
system that include special functions for connecting computers
and devices into a local area network (LAN) Some of the
important Network operating system are:
•UNIX
•MacOperatingSystem
•NovellNetwork
•WindowsNT4.0
•WindowsServer 2000
•WindowsServer 2003
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12. Overview Advantage of Network Computer Network Model
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Network Cabling Standards
•Twisted pair cables
•Twisted pair cable is a type of cable, which consists of two
independently insulated wires around one anther
•The use of twisted pairs helps to reduce crosstalk and
electromagnetic induction
•Unshielded twisted pair (UTP)
•Unshielded twisted pair cable is the most popular of all the cable
types.
•UTP cables are used not only for networking but also for
traditional telephone (UTP category). UTP cable consists of
four pairs of wires inside the jacket
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•Shielded twisted pair (STP)
•The twisted pair in STP are individually wrapped in a foil shield
and enclosed in an outer braided wire shield.
•The shielding is designed to minimize electromagnetic radiation
and susceptibility to crosstalk
•Coaxial Cable
•Coaxial cable is a type of communication transmission cable in
which solid center conductor is surrounded by an insulating
medium, which is surrounded by tubular outer conductor (foil).
The two types of coaxial cabling used with Ethernet are
• Thick net
• Thin net
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14. Overview Advantage of Network Computer Network Model
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•Fiber Optic Communication
•An optical fiber works on the principle of total internal reflection.
•Optical fiber is used to transmit data over long distances.
•The input to these optical fibers is given from a beam of light.
•The electrical input is converted to light pulses.
•At the receiving end, the amount of energy received is very high.
•Hence it is very useful for long distance transmission.
•RJ 45 and RJ 11
•Modern PC uses only two types of RJ cables and they are
RJ11 and RJ45.
•The phone jack which we use is an example for RJ 11 these are
extensively used in modems.
•RJ 45 is a slightly wider jack and it is used for network
connection.
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15. Overview Advantage of Network Computer Network Model
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•THANK YOU
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