Detail study of cell and its organelles. The function of the cell and its organelles. Types of cells.

1. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF CELL
AND IT’S ORGANELLES
Presented by – Rangnath Ramesh
Chikane
M. Pharmacy, (Pharmacology)
First year(Sem first )
Guided by- Dr. Ajay D. Kshirsagar
Assistant propecer
School of pharmacy
S.R.T.M.U. Nanded

2. CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Types of cell
• Cell organelles
1. Cell membrane
2. Nucleus
3. Mitochondria
4. Endoplasmic reticulum
5. Golgi apparatus
6. Lysosome
7. Ribosomes
• Types of cells in human body
• Referenses

3. INTRODUCTION TO CELL
• Definition- Cell are basic structural and functional until of life.
• Robert Hook First studied the cell structure in the year 1665 .
• A cell is chemical system that is able to maintain its structure and reproduce.
• Cells are the fundamental unit of life.
• All living things are cells or composed of cells.

4. TYPE OF CELL
Eukaryotic Cell Prokaryotic Cells

5. • Figure 2.9: Diagram of the cell ultrastructure of an animal cell
Eukaryotic Cells

6. TYPES OF CELLS IN HUMAN BODY

7. CELL ORGANELLES
1. Cell membrane
2. Cytoplasm
3. Nucleus
4. Endoplasmic reticulUm
5. Mitochondria
6. Golgi apparatus
7. Vaccuoles
8. Ribosomes
9. Lysosome
10. Neucleols

8. CELL MEMBRANE
• Cell membrane is composed of a double
layer (bilayer) of special lipids (fats)
called phospholipids.
• Fluid mosaic model describe it.

9. FUNCTION OF CELL MEMBRANE
• - Function :
• Separate contents of cells from their external environment;
• Controlling exchange of substances between two cells;
• Form separate compartments inside cells in which specialized metabolic
pathways can take place, i.e. not interfering each other
• As receptor sites for recognizing external stimuli
• The glycoproteins on the surface act as cell identity markers, i.e. antigens

10. NUCLEUS
Controlled center of the cell called nucleus.

11. FUNCTION OF NEUCLEUS
• Contain genetic materials (chromatin)
• Act as a control centre for the activities of a cell
• The nuclear DNA carries the instructions for the synthesis of proteins
• It is involved in the production of ribosomes and RNA
• It is essential for cell division

12. MITOCHONDRIA
• Power House of the cell.
• They are spherical or rod shaped
.
• scattering throughout the
cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells .
• Double membrane bounded, the
outer of which controls the entry
and exit of chemicals and the
inner membrane is folded
inwards, giving rise to cristae as
to increase the surface area on
which respiratory processes take
place .

13. FUNCTION OF MITOCHONDRIA

14. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
• Two type of endoplasmic reticulum
1. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
2. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
• It is a complex network of double membranes
extending throughout the cytoplasm of all
eukaryotic cells – It is an extension of the out
nuclear membrane.
• Function of endoplasmic reticulum
1. Biosynthesis
2. Transportation
3. Support
4. Increase surface area of the cell
5. Storage
6. Detoxification.

15. GOLGI APPARATUS
• It is a secretory organelle .
• It has a similar structure to sER but
is more compact .
• It consists of flattened, membrane-
bound sacs called cisternae,
together with a system of associated
vesicles called Golgi vesicles.

16. FUNCTION OF GOLGIBODY

17. LYSOSOME
• Similar in size of mitochondria 0.2-
0.5 micron.
• Called as sucide bags of cell.
• Functions
1. Endocytosis
2. Exocytosis
3. Autolysis
4. Autophagy

18. RIBOSOMES
• Ribosomes are the protein factories of cells.
• They function by reading messenger RNA and
translating the code to build proteins out of
amino acid, which are the building blocks.
• Ribosomes have a flattened spherical shape
with a diameter ranging between 15 to 25 nm.
• They are made of two major pieces or
subunits.
• The smaller subunit reads the mRNA code,
whereas the larger assembles the polypeptide
chain from amino acids

19. TYPE OF CELL IN HUMAN BODY
• Stem cells
• Red blood cells (erythrocytes)
• White blood cells (leukocytes)
• Platelets
• Nerve cells (neurons)
• Neuroglial cells
• Muscle cells (myocytes)
• Cartillage cells (chondrocytes)
• Bone cells
• Skin cells
• Endothelial cells
• Epithelial cells
• Fat cells (adipocytes)
• Sex cells (gametes)

20. STEAM CELL
Steps involved in steam cell
differentiation
1. Growth factor
2. Cell culture substrate
3. Cell culture environment
4. Three dimensions culture
5. Signal inhibitions

21. REFERENCES
• Cell, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology by Sandeep Hooda.
• Notes of Biology by Denise Wong.
• www.explorecuriocity.org.
• www.google.co.in/ images

22. THANK YOU