SLIDE CONSISTS INFORMATION ABOUT TYPES OF INSECT MOUTH PARTS

2. DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY
SKN COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
SUBMITTED TO- DR.S L SHARMA
BY- RAJENDR A YADAV Msc entomology

3. TYPES OF INSECT HEAD BASED ON
INCLIATION
A. HYPOGNATHUS
TYPE :-
• (Hypo-below ; Gnathous-jaw)long axis of
head is vertical.
• Right angle to long axis of body.
• Mouth parts are ventrally placed and
project downwards.
• Eg. Grasshopper,cockroach
• Also called as ORTHOPTEROID TYPE

4. B.PROGNATHUS TYPE :-
 (Pro- infront ; Gnathous –jaw) Long axis of the head
is HORIZONTAL.
 STRAIGHT(180) angle to long axis of body.
 Mouth parts are directed forward.
 Eg. Ground beetle .
 Also called as COLEOPTEROID type

5. C. OPISTHOGNATHOUS TYPE:-
 (OPISTHO-behind ; GNATHUS- jaw)
 Head is deflexed .
 Mouth parts are directed backwards and held between
the forelegs.
 Eg. Stink bug .
 Also called as HEMIPTEROID TYPE

6. •A. Labrum (upper lip)
•B. Labium (lower lip)
•C. Mandibles(jaw)
•D. Maxillae
•E. Hypopharynx (tounge)
•F. Labrum –epipharynx
(organ of taste)

7. 1.Biting and Chewing Mouth Parts-
 PRIMITIVE type of mouth parts consist of
labrum,labrum-epipharyx,mandible
,maxillae,labium and hypopharyx.
 labium and labrum – one in number lower and
upper lip of insect respectively .
 Mandible and maxillae – one pair which are true jaw
and accessory jaw respectivly.
 Biting off,chewing and swollowing small bits from
plant and animal .
 Mostly present in cockroach and grasshopper.

8. 1.LABRUM
 Flap like, bilobed ,movable and cover pre oral cavity
from above.
 It is upper lip of insect mouth .

9. 2.MANDIBLES
 Heavily sclerotised,toothed on their inner border .
 Lying behind the labrum on side of pre oral cavity .
 They have two types of teeth:- distal –sharply pointed
called incisor or cutting teeth and proximal teeth are
called molar or grinding teeth.
 Used in bite and grind food into small fragments .

10. 3.maxillae
 This is secondary jaws or
accessory jaw,paired and more
complicated .
 Consist of :-1.cardo ,2.stipes ,3.
five segmented
palpifer(maxillary palp)
 4.outer lobe-galea(hood like )
 5.inner lobe –lacinia(jaw like)

11. 4. labium
1. It bounds the mouth cavity from below or behind .
2. It forms the base of pre oral cavity .
 Consists of three median sclerites :-submentum
(large basal sclerite ),mentum (middle sclerite) and
prementum (apical sclerite).
 Three segmnted plpiger(labial palpi).
 Two lobes –outer lobe (paraglossa ) inner lobe
(glossae)* both pairs when fused are called ligula.

12. Labium (lower lip of insect mouth )

13. 2.PIERCING AND SUCKING
TYPE MOUTH PARTS
 FOUND IN SUCKING INSECTS LIKE APHID
,mosquitos , fleas and some flies of diptera .
 Found beak or probosis/stylet for sucking sap or blood
which is modification of all mouth parts .
 It is of two types :- A.Hemipterous /bug type (4
styletys -2 from mandible and other 2 from maxillae).
 B. Dipterous/mosquito type (6 stylet :-2 from maxillae
,2 from from mandible , one from labrum –epipharyx
(enclosing the food canal and one from
hypopharynx(containing the salivary canal)

15. 3.CHEWING AND LAPPING TYPE:
 PRESENT IN WORKER HONEY BEE.
 Maxillolabial structures are modified to form the
lapping tongue.
 Whereas labrum and mandibles chewing type but
mandibles are blunt an not toothed .
 Tongue unit consist of two galea of maxillae,two labial
palp and elongated flexible hairy glossa of labium.

16. Honey bee mouth parts

17. 4.RASPING AND SUCKING TYPE
 FOUD IN THRIPS mainly .
 Mouth cone consists of labrum ,labium and maxillae.
 3 stylet present (right mandible absent )

18. 5.SPONGING TYPE :-
 Mainly occure in house fly ,blow flies, fruit flies .
 Absorbing fluid food or solid both by liquified them
from secration of saliva .
 Mandibles absent .and proboscis divided into two
parts:-1.basal –rostrum ,2.distal-haustellum

19. 6.Siphoning type :-
 Occures in lepidopterian insects :-butterfly and moths
 Consists of elongated sucking tub e or
proboscis.formed by two galease of maxillae which
interlocked by hooks or spines .