Following the PPT Presentation of my previous smart water city distribution,Writing control philosophy is a good conceptual thinking abt our proposed system going to function and listing of all individual components that will be playing the role in the distribution network.

1. 1
Globe Engineering Associates
Control Philosophy for Smart City Water Distribution System
Writing control philosophy with following min. specifications considered.
A city with 2 lakhs connections and a Total of 19 DMAs.
Main Distribution system consists of
Main Distribution pumps (Pump-A & Pump-B & Respective standby) at sourcing station.
 Electromagnetic flowmeter at Main distribution Header.
 Pressure switch at common Header.
 Pressure transmitter at common header.
Each DMAs consists of
 Booster pumps & standby
 PRS Pressure reducing station/Pressure reducing valve (MOV)
 Electromagnetic flow meter
 Pressure transmitter
 Quality sensor
 RTU (Remote terminal unit)
 Solar powered panels/UPS panels at DMA stations
Centralised Control system
 PLC system with master controller
 SCADA systemwith operator monitoring, configurable data acquisition server
system, alarms/annunciator
 Pump monitoring, Master Pumps Load sharing (A only, B only, A or B,A and B)
 Master controller serves the function of Demand controller as
(From predetermined survey of the area/connections/DMAs)
Three main control schemes as
1). Time based (Morning/Night)
2). Area based (By max.connections/High altitude/Low altitude)
3). Critical area (Max. Pressure loss)

2. 2
General:
The main distribution system will have the following
Main distribution pump as
 Pump-A
 Pump-B
 Stand-by
 VFD
 Control panel
 MCC switchgear panel
START command will be initiated by satisfying of START Permissive:
 PUMP in AUTO mode
 MCC available
 No MCC disturbance
 No Local intervention
 Pump OFF feedback
 Header pressure switch not high
 Header Valve crack open (10%)
 Motor not tripped/Fault
Demand controller/Logic in PLC sees the pressure values from each DMAs through
the respective header pressure transmitter.
It calculates the necessary pressure demands from each of the DMAs by current
values with predetermined set points.
Pressure Demand at each DMA = Set DMA Pressure demand – Current Pressure
Control action from the controller (PID block element) will be proportionate
open/close of the header control valve at each DMA (Motorised valve)
Time based control scheme (PEAK DEMAND)
 At morning and night almost all DMAs demand will be high.
 Demand controller will see it and START the pump (PUMP-A) with Valve
opening at max. position at each DMAs
 Under this condition, Demand is not met (Pressure switch LOW ALARM
simultaneously from more DMAs ) for certain time (Eg.. for 15 mins ),Pump-
B also will be started.

3. 3
 The lower the demands as time passes (@ morning and at evening), no. of
header pressure switch alarm goes normal, additional pump gets STOP.
 Operator at SCADA systemcan view the curve as Pressure demand vs Valve
opening.
 If any malfunctioning, or non-linearity in the curve, those DMAs will have to
be undertaken for maintenance.
Area based scheme:
On the survey of the area, DMAs will be identified as
 DMA with max no. of connections.
 DMA with High altitude
 DMA with low altitude
 DMA with max connections & DMA with high altitude will be
identified and to be provided with booster pumps, Line sizes as
per the construction needs.
 In terms of control schemes, valve response, PID values for the
controller, VFD frequency settings will be taken care of.
 Those booster pumps discharge pressure vs pressure demand
curve will be monitored.
 This demand curve will not be linear for the DMAs with high
altitude & Low altitude but it provides the information for safe
operating zone to the operator.
Critical Area based scheme:
This can be determined with initial surveying & after implementation based on
the trend curve from the SCADA.,
1). Pump discharge pressure vs water demand
2). Valve opening value vs water demand
After determining the above different cases, a SCADA operator identify and select the
mode for respective DMAs.

4. 4
DMA Features:
Each DMA has
 Booster pump (If/when needed)
 Control panel/RTU
 Header pressure transmitter
 Header pressure switch
 Header control valve (Motorised valve)
 Quality sensor
 RTU have the modules through which it communicates with the master PLC
through fiber optic communication.
 Quality sensor (Such as pH sensor) enables to monitor the quality of water
being distributed throughout the pipe network.