First part of Module 1 in Water Resources and Irrigation Enginnering

1. D R . R A J M O H A N S I N G H , M N N I T A L L A H A B A D
WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING-I
: IRRIGATION-MODULE-1-1

2. OUTLINE
• COURSE GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
• BASICS IN IRRIGATION ENGINEERING
• CONSIDERATIONS IN PLANNING IRRIGATION
SYSTEMS
• IRRIGATION TECHNIQUES AND QUALITY
• WATER REQUIREMENTS

3. CHAPTER ONE: COURSE GOALS
This course goals:
(i) To introduce students the basic concepts of
soil, water, plants, their interactions, as well as
irrigation and drainage systems design, planning
and management.
(ii) To develop analytical skills relevant to the
areas mentioned in (i) above, particularly the
design of irrigation and drainage projects.

4. COURSE OBJECTIVES
On Completion of this course, students should
be able to:
(i) Understand the basic soil-plant-water
parameters related to irrigation
(ii) Understand how to estimate the quantity of
water required by crops
(iii) Be able to plan and design irrigation and
drainage projects.

5. COURSE OBJECTIVES CONTINUE..
(iv) Understand the computer applications in
irrigation and drainage designs.
(v) Design channels and other irrigation structures
required for irrigation, drainage, soil conservation,
flood control and other water-management
projects.

6. OBJECTIVES OF IRRIGATION
• To Supply Water
Partially or Totally for
Crop Need
• To Cool both the Soil
and the Plant
• To Leach Excess Salts
• To improve
Groundwater storage
• To Facilitate
continuous cropping
• To Enhance Fertilizer
Application-
Fertigation

7. TO UNDERSTAND IRRIGATION, ONE NEEDS
KNOWLEDGE OF:
• Basic Soil
Science/Physics
• Plants
• Water
• Plant/Soil/Water
Relations
• Hydraulics
• Hydrology
• General Engineering
Principles

8. BASICS IN IRRIGATION ENGINEERING
IRRIGATION ENGINEERING: Involves
• Conception,
• Planning,
• Design,
• Construction,
• Operation and
• Management of an irrigation system.
• An irrigation engineer has theoretical (basics and advance
knowledge of irrigation engineering) as well as practical training in
planning, design, construction, operation and management of
irrigation systems.

9. CONSIDERATIONS IN PLANNING
IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
i) Location: The main point to consider in locating an
irrigation project is the need to investigate available
resources in the area e.g.
• Climate,
• Adequate water in quality and quantity,
• Land with good agricultural potential and
• Good topography,
• Availability of labour (sophisticated or not),
• Land tenure,
• Marketing,
• Transport facilities etc.

10. CONSIDERATIONS IN PLANNING
IRRIGATION SYSTEMS CONTINUE…
ii) Crops to be grown: Should be determined by available
resources as well as marketability of the crops especially in
terms of what people like to eat.
iii) Water Supply:
(a) Sources of water
(b) Quantity and quality of water
(c) Engineering works necessary to obtain water e.g. if
underground, pumping is needed
(d) Conveyance System: can be by gravity e.g. open
channels or canals or by closed conduits e.g. pipes.
• (e) Water measuring devices e.g. weirs, orifice, flumes,
current meters

11. OTHER CONSIDERATIONS
iv) Systems of Applying Water: Break up in %
e.g. Surface (90% worldwide),
Sprinkler(5%),
Trickle and Sub-irrigation(5%).
v) Water Demand: The water requirement for
the given crop has to be determined. This is by
calculating the evapotranspiration (to be treated
later)
vi) Project Management: Consider how to
manage the irrigation system