iron deficency anemia

1. IRON DEFICENCY ANEMIA
RAHUL RAJA
SUBGROUP:- 26

2. DEFINITION:-
Iron deficiency anemia is a condition where a lack of iron in the body leads
to a reduction in the number of red blood cells. Iron is used to produce red
blood cells, which help store and carry oxygen in the blood.

3. ETIOLOGY:-
As the name implies, iron deficiency anemia is due to insufficient iron.
Without enough iron, your body can't produce enough of a substance in red
blood cells that enables them to carry oxygen (hemoglobin). As a result,
iron deficiency anemia may leave you tired and short of breath
Iron deficiency is recognized as the primary cause of anemia
worldwide, but the etiology of anemia is multifactorial,
including nutritional habits, bioavailability of micronutrients,
parasitic infections (e.g., malaria and helminth infections),
inflammation, and genetic factors.

4. Causes of irondeficiency anemia include:
Blood loss. Blood contains iron within red blood
cells.
A lack of iron in your diet. Your body regularly gets
iron from the foods you eat.
An inability to absorb iron. Iron from food is
absorbed into your bloodstream in your small
intestine.
Pregnancy.

5. CLINICAL FEATURES:-
•Extreme fatigue.
•Weakness.
•Pale skin.
•Chest pain, fast heartbeat or shortness
of breath.
•Headache, dizziness or
lightheadedness.
•Cold hands and feet.
•Inflammation or soreness of your
tongue.
•Brittle nails.

6. Diagnosis:-
•Red blood cell size and color. With iron deficiency anemia, red blood cells are smaller
and paler in color than normal.
•Hematocrit. This is the percentage of your blood volume made up by red blood cells.
Normal levels are generally between 35.5 and 44.9 percent for adult women and 38.3 to
48.6 percent for adult men. These values may change depending on your age.
•Hemoglobin. Lower than normal hemoglobin levels indicate anemia. The normal
hemoglobin range is generally defined as 13.2 to 16.6 grams (g) of hemoglobin per
deciliter (dL) of blood for men and 11.6 to 15 g/dL for women.
•Ferritin. This protein helps store iron in your body, and a low level of ferritin usually
indicates a low level of stored iron

7. Endoscopy:-
Endoscopy has a high sensitivity and specificity for locating and
identifying bleeding lesions in the upper GI tract. In addition, once a
bleeding lesion has been identified, therapeutic endoscopy can achieve
acute hemostasis and prevent recurrent bleeding in most patients.

8. TREATMENT:-
•Take iron tablets on an empty stomach. If possible, take your iron
tablets when your stomach is empty. However, because iron tablets
can upset your stomach, you may need to take your iron tablets with
meals.
•Don't take iron with antacids. Medications that immediately relieve
heartburn symptoms can interfere with the absorption of iron. Take iron
two hours before or four hours after you take antacids.
•Take iron tablets with vitamin C. Vitamin C improves the absorption of
iron. Your doctor might recommend taking your iron tablets with a glass
of orange juice or with a vitamin C supplement.

9. THANK YOU