The presentation contains the determination of mechanical properties of Jute and Banana Fibre reinforced biocomposites experimentally and validation of the same properties using finite element analysis software. Both the results obtained found to be in good agreement with each other. Furthermore, the percentage error in between these two values has calculated.

1. Presented By
Rahul Kshirsagar (11505619)
Under the guidance of
Mr.Sumit Shoor

2. OUTLINE
 Introduction.
 Scope of the study.
 Objectives of the study.
 Review of Literature.
 Materials, Equipments and Manufacturing Process.
 Research Methodology.
 Experimentation.
 Numerical Modeling.
 Results and Discussions .
 Conclusions.
 References

3. INTRODUCTION
1. Composite Materials : A composite material that is “Composition
of Materials” consists of reinforcing phase like fibers, particles or
sheets ingrained in the matrix phase.
2. Reinforcing material is the main load carrying member.
3. Matrix phase holds the reinforcing material in the defined position
and transfers load between them. It also protects the reinforcing
materials from damage throughout the composite processing.
4. Biocomposites : Combination of natural fibers and synthetic epoxy
resin.
5. Natural fiber reinforced biocomposites are captivating interest these
days, owing to their exceptional properties like high specific
strength, renewability and sustainability made them acceptable for
many engineering applications.
6. Major disadvantage: Hydrophilic nature of natural fibers resulting
in poor interfacial properties.

4. Continued…
7. Alkali treatments of the natural fibers enhance these interfacial
properties by surface modification, which reduces their hydrophilic
nature
8. Research on single natural fiber reinforced bio composites primarily
concentrates on enhancing the physical and chemical properties like
low wettability, inadequate adhesion and high moisture absorption
9. In order to improve the mechanical properties of natural fiber
composites, hybridization is adapted in the composite design.
10. Hybrid Biocomposites : Hybrid Biocomposites are the
combination of two or more natural fibers ingrained in the single
matrix phase

5. SCOPE OF THE STUDY
1. Cheap rates, hence little investments.
2. No emission of carbon dioxide during production, hence positive
effect towards environment.
3. Natural fibers are completely absorbed in the soil and thereby
provide nourishment in the soil.
4. Applications :
i. Toys
ii. Automobiles, aircrafts, ships.
iii. Casing of electronics applications.
iv. Construction applications like door, ceiling panels, roofing
panels.

6. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1. Fabrication of bio-composites from alkali treated uni-
directional Jute and Banana fibers oriented in the directions
90°/45°/-45°/90° and varying hardener & resin ratios (100:10
and 100:20).
2. To evaluate mechanical properties ( Tensile , Flexural and Impact
Strength)
3. To evaluate physical properties ( Hardness and Water Absorption).
4. To analyze mechanical properties using FEM software like ANSYS
APDL.
5. To compare the experimental and ANSYS APDL Results.

7. REVIEW OF LITERATURE

8. Continued…

9. Continued…

10. MATERIALS, EQUIPMENTS AND
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
1. Materials:
i. Natural fiber such as jute fiber and banana fiber are used for
reinforcement
ii. Epoxy Resin [EPOFINE -230] and Hardener [FINEHARD-951] is
used as matrix. EPOFINE-230 is an electrical grade liquid epoxy
casting resin and FINEHARD-951 is a polyamine hardener
iii. The mixing ratio of the epoxy and hardener is 100:10 and 100:20.

11. Continued…
2. Equipments:
i. Pycnometer.
ii. Universal tensile testing machine.
iii. Flexural testing machine.
iv. Charpy impact test set-up.
v. Rockwell hardness tester.
vi. Electronic weighing machine.

12. Continued…
3. Manufacturing Process:

13. Continued…
All the composite samples fabricated, have the fiber volume fraction
(Vf) of 25.92% calculated using the formula:

14. Continued…
Constituents of Hybrid Biocomposites

15. RESESRCH METHODOLOGY

16. EXPERIMENTATION
1. Determination of Mechanical Properties:
i. Tensile testing: Universal tensile testing machine with
maximum capacity of 1000 Kg has used. Testing has conducted as
per the standard ASTM D-3039 with gauge length of 150 mm.

17. Continued…
Specimens for Tensile Testing
Tensile testing of HBCs sample

18. Continued…
ii. Flexural testing: Flexural testing determined on the same machine
with maximum capacity of 225 Kg on the load cell of three point
flexural testing. Testing has conducted as per the standard ASTM D-
790. Specimen was supported horizontally in between two edges 60
mm apart.

19. Continued…
Specimens for Flexural Testing
Flexural Testing of HBCs sample

20. Continued…
iii. Impact testing: The impact strength has determined in Charpy
impact test set-up as per the standard ASTM D-256.
Specimens for Impact Testing

21. Continued…
2. Determination of Physical Properties:
i. Water Absorption Test: The test has conducted as per the
standard ASTM D-570. The composites of size 25 mm x 25mm
has cut and weighted and immersed in water for 72 hours. After
the samples were removed from water and weighted again.
ii. Rockwell Hardness Test: The hardness test determined using
ball indentor of 1/16” with 100 kg load applied as per the standard
ASTM D-785.

22. Numerical Modeling
1. Rules of mixture (ROM) and Hybrid rules of mixture (HROM) have
used to evaluate orthotropic elastic constants of the composites
shown in below tables.
Orthotropic Properties for Separate Layer of Jute and Banana Fibers

23. Continued…
Orthotropic Properties for Combined Layers of Jute and Banana Fibers

24. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
1. Experimental Results:

25. Continued…
JBBJ-1 BJJB-1
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.3
Load(KG)
Displacement (mm)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 5.68
Load(KG)
Displacement (mm)
Load-Displacement Curves for the Composites

26. Continued…
JBBJ-2 BJJB-2
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 5.66
Load(KG)
Displacement (mm)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 5.71
Load(KG)
Displacement (mm)

27. Continued…
JBBJ-1 BJJB-1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25 2.5 2.75 2.84
Load(KG)
Deflection (mm)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25 2.5 2.75 3
Load(KG)
Deflection (mm)
Load-Deflection Curves for the Composites

28. Continued…
JBBJ-2 BJJB-2
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25 2.35
Load(KG)
Deflection (mm)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Load(KG)
Deflection (mm)

29. Continued…
2. ANSYS Simulation Results:

30. Deformed Tensile Shape and Von Misses Stress developed in
JBBJ-1 using ROM

31. Tensile Behavior of HBCs Sample JBBJ-1 using ROM

32. Deformed Tensile Shape and Von Misses Stress developed in
JBBJ-1 using HROM

33. Tensile Behavior of HBCs sample JBBJ-1 using HROM

34. Deformed Flexural Shape and Von Misses Stress developed in
JBBJ-1 using ROM

35. Flexural Behavior HBCs sample JBBJ-1 using ROM

36. Deformed Flexural Shape and Von Misses Stress developed in
JBBJ-1 using HROM

37. Flexural Behavior of HBCs sample JBBJ-1 using HROM

38. Continued…
Tensile Properties Flexural Properties
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
JBBJ-1 BJJB-1 JBBJ-2 BJJB-2
TensileStrength(MPa)
Composite Samples
Experiment
al Values
ANSYS
Values
using ROM
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
JBBJ-1 BJJB-1 JBBJ-2 BJJB-2
FlexuralStrength(MPa)
Composite Samples
Experimental
Values
ANSYS
Values using
ROM
3. Comparison Between Experimental and ANSYS APDL Results:

39. Continued…
4. Determination of Percentage Error:
It gives the approximation between calculated and known values.
Calculated values = ANSYS Results and Known values =
Experimental Results.

40. Continued…
% Error in Tensile
Properties
% Error in Flexural
Properties

41. CONCLUSIONS
i. For the same Vf , the HBCs samples of jute fibers oriented at 900
and banana fibers oriented at 450 and -450 exhibits higher
properties in each case compared to HBCs sample of banana
fibers oriented at 900and jute fibers oriented at 450 and -450.
ii. For the same Vf and similar orientation of jute and banana fibers,
HBCs fabricated with resin and hardener ratio of 100:10 exhibits
maximum mechanical and physical properties in contrast to the
HBCs fabricated with resin and hardener ratio of 100:20.
iii. After evaluation of the properties in each case for all the HBCs
samples, it has observed that the composite sample JBBJ-1
performed maximum mechanical and physical properties in each
case. Therefore, optimal results are obtained with composite
sample JBBJ-1.
iv. The experimental results for the mechanical properties of HBCs
in each case show good agreement with the ANSYS APDL results.

42. REFERENCES
1. Boopalan M., Niranjanaa M., and Umapathy M. J. (2013), “Study on
the mechanical properties and thermal properties of jute and banana
fiber reinforced epoxy hybrid composites,” Compos. Part B, vol. 51,
pp. 54–57.
2. John M. J. and Thomas S. (2008), “Biofibres and biocomposites,”
Carbohydr. Polym, vol. 71,pp. 343–364.
3. Essabir H., Bensalah M. O., Rodrigue D., Bouhfid R., Qaiss A. (2016),
“Structural , mechanical and thermal properties of bio-based hybrid
composites from waste coir residues : Fibers and shell particles,”
Mech. Mater., vol. 93, pp. 134–144.

43. Continued…
4. Paul V., Kanny K., and Redhi G. G. (2015), “Mechanical , thermal and
morphological properties of a bio-based composite derived from
banana plant source,” Compos. PART A, vol. 68, pp. 90–100.
5. Merlini C., Soldi V. and Barra G. M. O. (2011), “In fl uence of fiber
surface treatment and length on physico-chemical properties of
short random banana fiber-reinforced castor oil polyurethane
composites,” Polym. Test., vol. 30, pp. 833–840.
6. Wambua P., Ivens I., and Verpoest I. (2003), “Natural fibers : can they
replace glass in fibre reinforced plastics ?,” Composites Science and
Technology, vol. 63, pp. 1259–1264.

44. THANK YOU