The document discusses child exploitation in India. It outlines four main types of child abuse: physical, emotional, neglect, and sexual. It then provides details on laws and policies in India aimed at child protection, such as constitutional rights to education and prohibiting hazardous work, as well as specific laws around child labor, trafficking, and sexual offenses. In conclusion, it emphasizes society's vital obligation to uphold children's rights and welfare.

1. CHILD EXPLOITATION IN INDIA
The modernist phase in world culture has marked many tracks in the
understanding, analysis and relevance of world affairs. The present article entitled
“CHILD EXPLOITATION IN INDIA '' has its terrace in the development of socio-
political sensibility on the global scale since the decade of the twentieth century.
Law, Politics, and Governance are the offshoots of the eternal urge for betterment
of civil life.
The indignities, cruelties, and horrors that people so frequently inflict against one
another have only sometimes been spared upon children throughout the history of
mankind. Children have been left behind, starved to death, abused, sold into slavery,
sexually raped, and abandoned at various points in history. Even if it happens rarely
or never in many countries around the world, child abuse has become a serious social
concern in many societies. A clear-cut set of prognostic factors has not yet been
found, but child abuse seems to rise in settings of rapid socio-cultural change, urban

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migration, family disintegration, and the like. In fact, it appears that the same
characteristics that predict child abuse in one civilization may not do so in another.
If we talk about the exploitation of child it can be take place anywhere: at school,
home, coaching institutions, childcare institutions, work, community or by anyone
mostly by the person who is known to the child for instance the teacher, employer,
tutors, seniors, relatives even either of his/her parents & many others.
TYPES OF CHILD ABUSE
There are followings four forms of child abused determined in the UK Government
Guidance Working Together to Safeguard Children (2016) :
● PHYSICAL
Physical abuse includes intentionally hitting, biting or otherwise physically harming a
child by way of burning, suffocating, poisoning, shaking, throwing, non-consensual
tickling, excessive pinching, slapping, forcing the child into a stressed position,
withholding sleep, food or medication.
● EMOTIONAL
Emotional abuse appears when people repeatedly do and say things in a way that
conveys to the child that they are insufficient, unloved, useless or only valued as far
as the necessity of another person. It can have intense, long lasting effects on the
child including: stopping children from expressing their views, silencing them,
continually shouting at them, mocking their activities, emotional blackmailing,
bullying.
● NEGLECT
It appears where the parents and guardian fail to reach the basic physical
requirements of a child, which results in disablement on the health of the child.
Which mainly described by the following activities :
➢ When a child is locked in a room or closet.
➢ when the provider is not giving the adequate shelter to the child.
➢ Leaving the child in that situation when they feel danger or harm.

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➢ For a long period of time leaving the child alone.
➢ Provider not providing even a minimum quantity of food, clothing or medical
care.
● SEXUAL
Any act that forces or induces a child to engage in sexual activities called sexual
activities. It will deemed to be the sexual abuse, even if the child does not
understand what is happend with him/her and where there is not any kind of force,
violence or even contact.
These activities include:
➢ Assault invloving penetration, such as rape or oral sex.
➢ Activities by are non-sexual, such as touching outside of clothing, rubbing,
kissing and mastrubating.
➢ Getting a child to watch others of performing sexual acts.
➢ Undress the child by way of forcing for sexual fulfilment.
➢ Sharing any type of sexual images, videos or other type of material.
CHILD PROTECTION IN INDIA
After the independence of our country we have seen many changes in the Indian
legal system which also includes the recognition of human rights and child rights.
Our Constitution, which came into force on 26th January 1950, gives the fundamental
rights to the children under Article 21-A, which guarantees the right to free and
compulsory elementary education for all the children in the age group of 6-14 years.
Article 24 (a) secures the right to be protected from any hazardous employment
until 14 years of age. All children have equal rights as other adult citizens of india.
Some among them are “right to equality protected under Article 14, right to
protection of life and personal liberty (Article 21), right of prohibition of traffic in
human beings and forced labour (Article 23) etc.
There are also so many laws which are framed with the constitutional provisions for
safeguarding the rights of children. Furthermore we have various criminal laws which

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give protection to children including: The Indian Penal Code 1860, The Indian
Evidence Act 1872, & Criminal Procedure Code 1973.
Here is the following list of child protection laws and policies passed by the
Government:
❖ Children Pledging of Labour Act, 1933
❖ Child Labour Prohibition and Regulation Act, 1986
❖ The Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1987
❖ Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006
❖ Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009
❖ Protection of Children from Sexual Offences, 2012
❖ Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection Of Children) Act, 2015
Also for the prevention of child abuse and expoitations the government provided
some policies such as the National Commision for Protection of Child Rights, 2007
and National Policy for Children, 2013.
Conclusion
“No trust is more revered than the one that society has for children. There is no
obligation more vital than making sure that their rights are upheld, that their
welfare is safeguarded, that their lives are free from terror, and that they are able
grow up in peace.” Kofi Annan1
1
Kofi Annan* winner of 2001 Nobel Peace Prize is a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the
seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations from January 1997 to December 2006