This document contains links to product pages for the same book titled "Fundamentals of Steam Boilers" on Amazon websites for Germany, UK, US, and Germany (in Arabic). It provides an overview of the book's content including topics on thermodynamics, steam properties, boiler selection, fire tube boilers, and water tube boilers. The document suggests the book provides a comprehensive guide to steam boiler fundamentals in three parts.

4. h ps://www.amazon.de/%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-
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7. 1
Fundamentals of Steam
Boilers
Part I
by
Engineer
Qusay Abdulelah Mohammed Saeed

8. 2

9. 3
)
.(
( )
)
.(
)
(

10. 4
.
.

11. 5
.
)15000(
.
.
:
qusay.steamboiler@gmail.com

12. 6
Acknowledgments
A book of this size in three parts would not have been possible
without the support of several friends and well-wishers, Thank
you so much.
I am infinitely grateful to number of renowned companies,
organizations, manufacturers, leaders in their respective fields
and individuals for their liberal assistance, technical information,
web sites , support during the preparation of topics of this book
and some of them have lent help by allowing their wonderful
pictures to be incorporated, which greatly enhances the utility of
this book also. They deserve the special Acknowledgment.
Any author feels happy when he can openly acknowledge and
record such generosity.
I wish to once again thank my friends and formers below for the
trust they showed in me and for continued cooperation.
1- Aalborg Industries
2- Armstrong International
3- ATTSU steam boilers(Mr. Antoni Jové Ràfols)
4- Babcock & Wilcox Company
5- Bass Electronics, Inc.(Mr. Bill Bass)
6- Bosch Industriekessel GmbH (Mr. Akcicek Zulfiye and Mr. Inal
Daghan)

13. 7
7- Bright source Energy
8- BRIL Inc.
9- Cain Industries, Inc.
10-Changzhou baoyi mech. & elec. instrument co. ltd
11- Cleaver-brooks Co.( Ms. Elizabeth Brown)
12-Clyde Bergemann GmbH
13-Coen Company, Inc.
14- Daura Refinery library
15-Delta Kamerasysteme (Mr. Hubert Stein GM)
16-Eaton Hydraulics LLC
17-ECOMB AB (Mr. Magnus Lagerstr m)
18-Erensan boilers (MR.Tamer ENER)
19-Foster Wheeler Corporation.
20-FUEL EFFICIENCY, LLC
21-GE Energy
22-Hamada boiler
23- Hurst BOILER and WELDING. Co. INC.(Representative by
Morex, International, Iraq ,Mr. Shlimon Zaya)
24-IMO pump
25-Jenike & Johanson
26- JX Nippon Oil & Energy (Mr. Megumi Mizutani and
Mr.Fumio Tanaka)
27- Lenox Instrument Company, Inc.(Mr. Hugh O Donnell)

14. 8
28-LESER safety valves (Representative by Al-Hadil Co. for
General Trading,Jordan)
29-Miss Terri Close
30-Mr. Lars Josefsson
31-Naco-san (Ms. Mayumi Nakaya)
32- NPJ Boilers Inc.(Mr. Pierre H. Vidal and Mr.Akbar
DEHGHANZAD)
33-PG ENVIRONMENTAL & THERMAL TECHNOLOGIES LLC
34-Pump school
35-Rosemount Analytical Group
36-ScienceDirec
37-Sound Blast Sonic Power Co. Ltd.(Mr. Terry Tam )
38-Spirax Sarco
39- System Separation Sweden AB(Mr. Bj rn Forsberg)
40-Technology Transfer Services(Miss Jennifer Ciurla)
41-THE NEW YORK BLOWER CO.(Mr. William Kelly)
42-Thermax
43-Thomas C. Wilson, Inc.(Mr. Amar Beninal)
44- TLV INTERNATIONAL, INC.(Mr. Yoshiyasu Fujiwara, Mr.
Takaharu Nakashima and Ms. Nicole Randall).
45-VERMEER PROCESS CO.( Mr.Theo de Goede)
46-Viking Pump Inc.(Mr. Trent Schultz )
47-Weishaupt Corporation
48-www. Engineering Toolbox.com

15. 9
49- York-Shipley Global(Representative by Iraq Technical
Support Co. ,Mr.Zaid Abdul Lafta Enayatullah)
50- YOSHIMINE CO., LTD

16. 10
...............................................................................................10
19
)1-1(20
)1-2(..................................................................................21
)1-3(.................................................................................22
)1-3-1(.......................................................22
)1-3-2(..................................................23
)1-4:(............................................................................24
)1-5(..............................................................................25
)1-6(.................................................................................25
)1-7(............................................26
)1-8((Steam)...........................................................................28
)1-9(Triple Point....................................................................30
)1-10(Ice.............................................................................................31
)1-11(Water........................................................................................33
)1-12(.................................................33
)1-13(.........................................................................34
)1-14(Heat Transfer...............................................................35
)1-15(........................................................................39
)1-16(..........................................................41
)1-17(............................................42
)1-18(.................................................44
)1-19(......................45
)1-20(Steam.....................................................................................46
)1-21(...............................................................................48
)1-22(..........................................................49
)1-23(..........................................50
)1-24((Sensible)(Latent Heat).......................51
)1-25(..................................................................................52
)1-26(...................................................................................54

17. 11
)1-27(.................................................................55
)1-28(....................................................................................56
)1-29(.................................................................................57
)1-30(.....................................................58
)1-31()(...........................................................58
)1-32(......................................................................59
)1-33(Steam Tables................................................................60
)1-34(............................................................................63
)1-35(...................................................................63
)1-36(.......................................................63
)1-37(Tips................................................................................64
)1-38(....................................................65
)1-39(..................................................66
)1-40(..........................................................67
)1((100 C)(0)(bar)................................................67
)2((170 C)(7 bar g).........................................................68
)1-41(.............................................................................70
3-Superheated Steam........................................................71
)1-42(..........................................................................72
)1-43(........................................73
)1-44(...........................................73
)1-45(..............................................................................77
)1-46(Steam Tables............................................80
)1-47(.................................................81
84
)2-1(85
)2-2(..........................................................................85
)2-3(....................................................87
)2-4(....................................................88
)2-5(Boiler Selection.............................................................88
)2-6(...........................................................................89

18. 12
)2-7(.............................................................................89
)2-7-1(.............................................................90
)2-7-2(..............................................................93
)2-7-3(..............................................................97
)2-7-4(.......................................................98
)2-7-5(..........................................................101
)2-7-6(.................................................104
)2-7-7()(........................................108
)2-7-8(..........................................111
)2-7-9(.........................................................117
)2-7-10(...............................................124
)2-7-11(........................................129
)2-7-12(.....................................................132
)2-7-13(.........134
)2-7-14(..............................................134
)2-7-15(..................................136
)2-7-16(..................................................139
)2-7-17(....................................................141
)2-7-18(..........................................................145
)2-7-19(...............................................145
)2-7-20(..............................................147
150
)3-1(Introduction..........................................................................151
)3-2(.............................................................................152
)3-2-1(......................................................................152
)3-2-2(...........................................................154
)3-2-3(...............................................................................157
)3-3(...........................................................................158
)3-3-1(....................................................................................159
)3-3-2(....................................................................................162
)3-3-3(....................................................................................164

19. 13
)3-3-4(....................................................................168
)3-3-5()(.................................................171
)3-4(...........................................................................180
)3-5(.............................................181
)3-5-1(FT Boiler Dry Back Furnace........181
)3-5-1-1(...................................183
)3-5-2(........................................................189
)3-5-2-1(...................................191
)3-6(............................................................................198
)3-6-1(F.T. Boiler Single Pass........198
)3-6-2()(Fire Tube Boiler Tow Pass..........199
)3-6-3()(...................................................201
)3-6-4()(...................................................203
)3-6-5(.................................................205
)3-7(................................................................208
)3-8(.........................................................................208
)3-8-1(Burner...............................................................................209
)3-8-2(Water Drum..................................................................209
)3-8-3(Combustion Chamber.............................................210
)3-8-3-1(................................................211
)3-8-4(Fire Tube......................................................................212
)3-8-5(Safety Air Latches............................................215
)3-8-6(Economizer.......................................................................216
)3-8-7(Air Blower of Preheater.........................217
)3-8-8(Superheater Coil............................................................219
)3-9(...................................................................................220
)3-9-1(Safety Valve............................................................221
)3-9-2(Blowdown System....................................................222
)3-9-3(Feed Water Equipment's.....................................224
)3-9-3-1(Feed Water and Condensate Tank......224
)3-9-3-2(Feed Water Pump..........................................226

20. 14
)3-9-3-3(Softeners..............................................................227
)3-9-4(............................................................228
)3-9-5(...................................................................229
)3-9-6(Soot and Ash Blower.....................................230
)3-9-7(Stack (Chimney)..............................................................232
)3-10(...........................................................233
)3-10-1(................................................234
)3-11(.............................234
)3-11-1(.........................................................234
)3-11-1-1((X-ID)...............................................................235
)3-11-1-2((X-ID).................................236
)3-11-1-3((X-ID)
Bare Tube..................................................237
)3-11-2(Turbulators Tube......................................239
)3-12(...............................................................................241
)3-13(...........................................................245
)3-13-1(Tubes..............................................................................245
)3-13-2(Drums............................................................................247
)3-13-2-1((Mud Drum).............................................................251
)3-13-2-2((Steam Drum)........................................................252
)3-13-3(Economizer......................................................................259
)3-13-3-1(Feed Water Heaters.....................................261
)3-13-4(Air Pre-Heater...............................................263
)3-13-4-1()(Tubular Air Heaters.....................264
)3-13-4-2()(Plate Air Heaters.....................265
)3-13-4-3(Ljungstr m-type Air Heater..................265
)3-13-5()(...........................................................268
)3-13-6(Case (Cover)........................................................269
)3-13-7(Chimney.........................................................................272
)3-13-8(Safety Valves........................................................273
)3-14(...........................................275

21. 15
)3-14-1(........................................................276
)3-14-2(...................................................276
)3-14-3(.........................................................................277
)3-14-4()(..........................................................279
)3-14-5()(................................................................279
)3-14-6(........................................................................280
)3-14-7(...........................................................................282
)3-14-8(....................................................................287
)3-14-9(..........................................................................287
)3-14-10(....................................................................290
)3-14-10-1(.................................................293
)3-15(......................................................................294
)3-16(........................................................................294
)3-17(........................................................................295
)3-18(.....................................................................296
)3-18-1(..................................................................................297
)3-19(........................................................................300
)3-19-1(.....................................................................................302
)3-20(.............................................................................308
)3-21(....................................................................................310
)3-22(............................................................................311
)3-23(...........................................................................311
)3-24(...........................................................................312
)3-24-1(D..................................................................................312
)3-24-1-1((D)................................314
)3-24-2(O..................................................................................316
)3-24-3(A..................................................................................318
)3-24-4(Aqua Tube Boiler.............................323
)3-24-4-1(......................................................................324
)3-24-4-2(.............................................324
)3-25(HRSGs and WHRBs.....327

22. 16
)3-26(....................................................................332
)3-26-1(.....................................................................................333
)3-26-1-1(Drums.........................................................................333
)3-26-1-2(.................................................................337
)3-26-2(Superheater Section..............................................342
)3-26-2-1(...........................................................................343
)3-26-3(.....................................................................................345
)3-27(....................................................346
)3-27-1(Forced circulation.................................................347
)3-27-2()(.........................................................348
)3-27-3(.....................................................................................349
)3-28()(...........................................................349
)3-29(...................................................................................351
)3-29-1(.........................................................................352
)3-29-2(:................................355
)3-29-3(....................................................................................355
)3-30(.............................................356
)3-30-1(...........................................................................356
)3-30-2(...................................................................................359
)3-30-3(..........................................................................360
)3-30-4(..............................................................................361
)3-30-5()(..........................................................362
)3-31(.............................................................364
)3-31-1(...........................................365
)3-32(Reheater.............................................................370
372
)1(..........................................................373
)1(............................................375
)2(.................................................................377
)3(............................................382
(Acceleration).....................................................................382

23. 17
(Area)...........................................................................................382
(Current).........................................................................................385
(Density)........................................................................................385
(Energy ,Unit of Heat)..................................................387
(Energy per unit mass)................................................388
(Energy per unit mass)................................................388
(Force).............................................................................................389
(Heat flow rate).......................................................................390
(Heat transfer coefficient)......................................................391
(Length)...................................................................................................392
(Mass, Weight)................................................................................395
(Mass flow rate)........................................................................397
(Power)....................................................................................................397
(Power per unit area)............................................................400
(Pressure)...............................................................................................400
(Rotation)..............................................................................................404
(Specific energy, enthalpy, entropy)....................405
(Specific Heat).............................................................................405
(Specific Energy)...........................................................................406
(Specific Volume)...........................................................................406
(Stress)...................................................................................................407
(Temperature).................................................................................407
(Thermal Conductivity).............................................................408
(Time).......................................................................................................408
(Velocity, Speed)...................................................................................409
(Viscosity Dynamic).................................................................411
(Viscosity Kinematic).............................................................412
(Volume)..................................................................................................412
(Volume Flow).............................................................................417
(Boiler Capacity)..............................................................................419

24. 18
...........................................................................................420

25. 19
Chapter one
Steam
Fundamentals

26. Chapter one Steam fundamentals
20
)1-1(
Introduction
.
.
.
.
)1-1(Steam Engine
Single cylinder steam engine courtesy of Stack Exchange Inc.

27. Chapter one Steam fundamentals
34
)1-14(
(0 bar g)(100 C)(419KJ)
(1 Kg)(0 C)(100 C).
)(Specific Heat Capacity(cp)(4.19
kJ/kg C)(0 C)(100 C))1-14. (
)1-13(
Thermal Properties for Water
• Maximum density at 4 o
C - 1,000 kg/m3
, 1.940 slugs/ft3
• Specific Weight at 4 o
C - 9.807 kN/m3
, 62.43 Lbs./Cu.Ft,
8.33 Lbs./Gal., 0.1337 Cu.Ft./Gal.
• Freezing temperature - 0 o
C (Official Ice at 0 o
C)
• Boiling temperature - 100 o
C

28. Chapter one Steam fundamentals
44
)1-18(
The Boiling heat transfer and the amount of heat
(Radiation).
(Conduction).
(Convection
)1-24. (
(BTU)
(1lb)(1 F)(Calorie)
(1 gram)(1 C).
(BTU's)
.(BTU's)
(212 F).
.
.
(212 F)
(212 F)
.
.

29. Chapter one Steam fundamentals
58
)1-30(
Steam, Water and Temperature, Pressure
Relationship
( )(Dry or Saturated Steam)
(Sensible Heating)
(Latent Heat of Vaporization).
(Superheated Steam)
)1-5.(
)1-31(( )
Types of Steam (Steam Phases)
.
)1-30. (

30. Chapter one Steam fundamentals
68
)2((170 C)(7 bar g).
.(7 bar g)( )
)(800 kN/m2
.(170 C)
(7 bar g)
.)1-7((720.9
KJ)(1kg)(0 C)(170 C).
)1-6(
Specific volume vs. pressure courtesy of (Spirax Sarco)
( )(7barg)
.
.
)1-7((2047 KJ/Kg).

31. 79
m=
t2=(100 C or 212 F).
t1=( C).
Cpl=(1.0 cal/gr. C)
(Deaerators)(Economizer)
.
2.
(Latent Heat of Vaporization)(h2)
(539kcal/Kg Water).
(Critical Pressure)(22.1 MPa)
:
h2=m x 539
(Boiler)( ) .
(Wet Steam)( )
( )(Dry
Saturated Steam).
3-(Super Heat)(h3)
:
h3= m(t3-t2) x Cps
h3=( C)

32. 84
Chapter Two
( )
Boilers
Classification

33. 89
6..
7..
)2-6(
Power Plant Description
.
)Mass Transfer(
.
.
:
1-.
2-.
3-.
4-.
)2-7(
Steam Boiler Classification
(200 BC)
:

34. Chapter Two Boilers Classification
90
)2-7-1(
Classification of boiler based on pressure
-Low Pressure Boiler
(15 psi)
(160 psi)/(250 F)
)2-1.(
)2-1(
Lower pressure Stirling boiler design

35. Chapter Two Boilers Classification
96
-Solar Boiler
(65%)
)2-8(.
)2-8(
Solar Boiler courtesy of (Bright source Energy)

36. 123
-Heat Recovery Boiler
Waste Heat Recovery Boiler
(WHRB)Heat
Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG).
-Institutional boiler
. .
)2-33(
Package Boiler During production (with permission Cleaver-Brooks co.)

37. 127
)2-36(A
Water tube Boiler A-type (with permission Cleaver-Brooks co.)
4-Aqua or (flexible)Tube Boiler
)2-37(
(O)
.

38. 131
)2-40(
Mobile boiler (with permission Cleaver-Brooks co.)
)2-41(
Truck Boiler with permission (ATTSU steam boilers)

39. 145
)2-7-18(
Classification of boilers based on size
-Small Water Tube Boiler
(10 MMBTU/Hr).
-Large Water Tube Boiler
(10 MMBTU/Hr)(10000 MMBTU/Hr).
)2-7-19(
Classification of boilers based on water content
-High Water Content Boiler
(50-100Kg)(M2
)
.
( )(flame
irregularities)(steam
accumulators).
-Medium Water Content Boiler
(20-50Kg)(M2
)

40. Chapter Two Boilers Classification
146
.
-Small Water Content Bboiler
(20Kg)
.
.
)2-54(
Central drum convection generator

41. Chapter Three Steam Boilers Types
152
.
.
.
)3-2(
Steam Boilers Types
)3-2-1(
The Plain Cylinder Boiler
.The Plain Cylinder Boiler)(
Conical (round) ends)(
Horizontally)(
(40ft)
Furnace)(Hot gasses)(
( )Flue)(
Chimney)(
Bare metal)(
.

42. Chapter Three Steam Boilers Types
166
(Steel)(5-9 M)
(Flues)
)3-15.((Corrugated)
.
.
)3-16.(
)3-16(
Lancashire Boiler courtesy of (Spirax Sarco)

43. 175
)3-24(
shell boiler in the three-pass single flame tube-smoke tube boiler (Bosch Industriekessel
GmbH) with permission
)3-23(
.

44. Chapter Three Steam Boilers Types
178
3-
4-(Stay Bolts).
)3-27(
Corrugated furnace courtesy of (The Swiss Transport Museum)
(2-3").
(12MW). ( ))3-23(
.
.

45. 193
)3-47(
Furnace 1st
passes (with permission York-Shipley Global)
)3-48(
2
nd
pass (with permission York-Shipley Global)

46. Chapter Three Steam Boilers Types
200
(Main combustion chambers)(Hot flue
gases)( )
(Brickwork setting))((Dry back) )
( )(Small-bore tubes)
( )
(Induced draught fan)
(Chimney).
)3-59(
Economic boiler (two-pass, dry back) source courtesy of (Spirax Sarco)

47. 211
)3-69(Combustion Chamber
"Packaged Scotch boiler"
(with permission Hurst BOILER and WELDING Co.INC)
)3-8-3-1(
Advantages of Corrugated Furnaces vs. Plain Furnaces
1-.
2-.
3-.
:

48. Chapter Three Steam Boilers Types
214
(1/3")
:
1-)3-72.(
2-( ")
. .
.
( ")
(3/8")(5/16")
)3-73.(
)3-73(

49. 221
)3-80(
Boiler Room (Bosch Industriekessel GmbH) with permission
)3-9-1(Safety Valve.
)3-81(
.

50. 225
)3-85(
Boiler feed water Tank courtesy of (Spirax Sarco)
)3-86(
Feed water Surge tank (with permission Cleaver-Brooks co.)

51. Chapter Three Steam Boilers Types
230
)3-9-6(Soot and Ash Blower
.
)3-92(
Soot blower for fire tube boiler courtesy of ( FUEL EFFICIENCY, LLC)
)3-92(

52. Chapter Three Steam Boilers Types
236
) .3-98(
(Resistance).
)3-98(
FT Boiler Tube (X-ID) ) courtesy of (FINTUBE CO.)
)3-11-1-2((X-ID).
1-(85%)(Bare tube)
.
2-(Boiler efficiency).
3-.

53. Chapter Three Steam Boilers Types
250
)3-112(
)3-113((Blind Flange
courtesy of (Henan Province Shi Xing Machinery Co., Ltd)
.

54. 271
)3-133(Case)8(
"Hybrid" Fire tube/Water tube Vessel Design
(with permission Hurst BOILER and WELDING Co.INC)

55. 285
)3-148(
-Strainers and Filters
(Strainers & Filters))3-149(
.
.
)3-150) (3-151.(

56. Chapter Three Steam Boilers Types
290
)3-14-10(
Control and Measurement Devices
)3-159) (3-158(
...
)3-155.(
)3-156(
.
)3-155(

57. 303
.
.
.
. .
.
.

58. Chapter Three Steam Boilers Types
218
)3-77(
.
)3-77(
Air pre-heater ((Bosch Industriekessel GmbH) with permission

59. Chapter Three Steam Boilers Types
346
)3-27(
Circulation in HRSG
)3-205. (
)3-205((A)(B)

60. Chapter Three Steam Boilers Types
360
)3-30-3(
Water Wall Panels
)3-218(
Steam Generating Tubes)((Heat
lost)
(Headers).
. C in210 Gr-50.8 mm OD x 5.6 Mm MWT conforming to SA(
Lengths of up to 24 mtrs. X max.28 tubes (2 mtrs. wide)).
)3-218(
)TPP BOILERS PVT. LTD.Water wall panels courtesy of (