Romanticism began in the mid-18th century and reached its height in the 19th century. It emphasized emotion, imagination, individualism, subjectivity, nature, and the supernatural. A key concern of Romantic literature was the divided self or crisis of identity. James Hogg's 1824 novel Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner explores this theme of a divided self through the character Robert Wringhim, who struggles to reconcile his spiritual and corporeal selves. The novel dramatizes an identity crisis, which was a major theme of Romantic literature during a time of social and political division.
1. Romanticism Essays
Romanticism
Romanticism began in the mid–18th century and reached its height in the 19th century. It was limited to Europe and America although different
compatriots donated to its birth and popularity. Romanticism as a movement declined in the late 19th century and early 20th century with the growing
dominance of Realism in the arts and the rapid advancement of science and technology. However,Romanticism was very impressionative on most
individuals during its time. This was because it was expressed in three main aspects of life: literature, art, and music. In literature, Romanticism was to
some extent a reaction against the strict rules formulated by the Neoclassicists. The first fully Romantic poetry was Lyrical Ballads (1798) by...show
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Wordsworth, Coleridge, and Keats described nature in an exclusive way because landscape was the main principal in their works. "Mind of Man,"
as Wordsworth observed, was a poets' response to the natural scenes that inspired their thinking. Despite all of this, nature commonly was the focus
of Romantic painters. Romantic painters rebelled against the objectivity and composure of the prevailing Neoclassic style. The art is colorful,
expressive, and full of movement. John Constable's Wivenhoe Park, Essex (1816), is a pristine example of his scientific approach to capturing the
qualities of atmosphere, light, and sky. Constable used God in nature, creativity, and the peaceful aspects of nature in this work. He is famed for his
"Constable sky," which is the main element of his portrayal of the scene at Wivenhoe Park. Joseph Mallard William Turner was another Englishman
who is famed for his Romantic works. His emphasis on light possibly arrives from his sensitivity to it. He was ahead of his time with his use of light,
extremities of storms, fire, and sunsets. His Keelmen Heaving Coals by Moonlight (ca. 1835) is an illustrious example of most of his famous effects:
moonlight, fires, and color in atmospheric effects. Romanticism in music ran parallel with the movement in literature and art. The Romantic composers
were highly individual. They expressed intense emotion, projected their own feelings, and suggested
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2. Aspects of Romanticism Essay
Nature, imagery, and the freedom of thought and expression are key elements of Romanticism as characterized in Jane Austen's Sense and Sensibility,
William Wordsworth "We are Seven," and Percy Shelley's "Mutability." These literary works of Jane Austen, Percy Shelley, and William Wordsworth
focus on emphasizing their feelings and emotions by using their imagination and their love of nature as key tools for helping readers to comprehend
their personal experiences. Each of their works reflects situations that occur in daily life and serves as an approach to help readers gain an
understanding of the human mind.
Jane Austen's use of nature, imagery, and emotion in Sense and Sensibility reflect the morals and principles of her time. She...show more content...
Austen's use of nature conveys the message that sense and sensibility needs balance. She communicates to her readers that the emotional discretions of
Romanticism are unnecessary for emotional fulfillment.
Jane Austen associates imagery with characters that indicate the qualities and values they symbolize. The imagery most strongly associated with
Marianne such as the Romantic poets and music and illness, strengthens her connection with Romanticism. The imagery associated with Marianne is
portrayed through her unrealistic expectations of the opposite sex when she gives her view of Edward Ferrars by saying, "What a pity it is Elinor,
that Edward should have no taste for drawing" (Austen 15). Austen also uses imagery to portray the character of Elinor. Elinor's screen paintings
suggest her ability to keep secrets and to guard or restrain her emotions. Austen illustrates Elinor's protected emotions when Elinor says, "I do not
attempt to deny that I think very highly of him – that I greatly esteem him, that I like him" (Austen 16). She also uses imagery to connect with other
characters such as Willoughby's horses, Fanny's associations with money and material possessions, Mrs. Jennings's association with food, and other
constant entertainments at Barton Park. Jane Austen's combination of nature and imagery is used to convey the feelings and emotions of the
characters. She uses emotions to convey
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3. Short Essay On Romanticism
Romanticism is a term which is difficult to define. According to Marilyn Butler "English Romanticism is impossible to define with historical precision
because the term itself is historically unsound. It is now applied to English writers of the first quarter of the nineteenth century, who did not think of
themselves as Romantics. Instead they divided themselves by literary precept and by ideology into several distinct groups, dubbed by their opponents
"Lakeists," "Cockneys," Satanists," Scotsmen" (qtd. in Kroeber, Ruoff, 7). Shureteh claims that there are three very crucial essays on Romanticism:
1. On the Discrimination of Romanticisms by Arthur Lovejoy (1924)
2. The Concept of Romanticism in Literary History by Rene Wellek (1949)
3. Toward a Theory of Romanticism by Morse Peckham (1952)...show more content...
The most important aim of this volume was to show the proper way of perception of the surrounding world by a poet. The importance of expression
was emphasised, thus the piece of writing should be an example of expressive rather than mimetic art. The nature of poetry was described as "the
spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings". Every human being who wants to be authentic should try to find new forms of expression. One can notice
these attempts in Lyrical Ballads (Zbierski, 451). The romantic aesthetic programme included four main points which covered themes and language of
works, aims of romantic literature and the structure of romantic poetry which is still influential.
The first point of Wordsworthian aesthetic programme is connected with themes of works, i. e. descriptions of day–to–day life of uneducated people,
rural orphans, handicapped, (e. g. The Idiot Boy) people who suffered or rejoiced. Wordsworth achieved perfection thanks to interweaving simplicity of
the characters and their expressiveness at the same time (Mroczkowski, 311, Zbierski
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4. romanticism Essay
Romanticism and Rationalism Romanticism began in the mid–18th century and reached its height in the 19th century. The Romantic literature of the
nineteenth century holds in its topics the ideals of the time period, concentrating on emotion, nature, and the expression of "nothing." The
Romantic era was one that focused on the commonality of humankind and, while using emotion and nature; the poets and their works shed light on
people's universal natures. Romanticism as a movement declined in the late 19th century and early 20th century with the growing dominance of
Realism in the literature and the rapid advancement of science and technology. However, Romanticism was very impressionative on most individuals
during its time....show more content...
Thoreau felt by doing this society would have a harder time to mold him into what it wanted him to think. Thoreau left a life of luxury for
"voluntary poverty". Even though he was "poorer in his outward riches" he was wealthy in his "inward riches". A
good number of romantic views of Nature suggested using Nature as ones tool to learn. This is evident in William Wordsworth's poem "The
Tables Turned. In the poem "The Tables Turned" Wordsworth states to "quit your books [for it is] a dull and endless strife[;] enough
of Science; close up those barren leaves." Wordsworth believed piece that books were useless to learn from. He believed that we should
"Let Nature be [our] Teacher [for it]...may teach you more of man [and] moral good and evil[, more] than all the sages can." Wordsworth
agreed with the previous notion that to understand the divine and oneself, they must first start with understanding Nature. This View of studying
Nature is taken one step further by Charles Darwin. Perhaps the most appealing quality of Darwin's work was that it accounted for phenomenon in a
purely naturalistic manner. It was the most scientific explanation yet, completely removing the supernatural explanation, and setting him apart from the
theorists before him. The major unsettled scientific question of Darwin's Theory was be in regards to natural selection as the mechanism for change,
which became
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5. Romanticism Essay
TIMELINE: ROMANTICISM 1800–1850
пѓ 1749(–1832): Johann Wolfgang von Goethe was born (writer).
пѓ 1762: "Man was born free, and he is everywhere in chains." Jean–Jacques Rousseau.
пѓ 1770(–1840): Neo–Classicism
пѓ 1770(–1850): William Wordsworth (writer) was born.
пѓ 1770: Industrial Revolution had an influence on the Romantic period.
пѓ 1785: Grim Brothers.
пѓ 1789: French Revolution.
пѓ 1800 Start of Romanticism
пѓ 1802(–1885): Victor Hugo (writer) was born.
пѓ 1802(–1870): Alexandre Duman, sr. (writer) was born.
пѓ 1803: Romanticism welcomes Christianity.
пѓ 1813: The Waltz accepted introducing a new era socializing and new music.
пѓ 1813: Jane Austen publishes Pride and Prejudice.
пѓ 1814: Fall of Napoleon, Monarchy restored by...show more content...
Romanticism was a European movement, between 1800 through to 1850. It was and artistic, intellectual, and literary movement (rationalwiki.com).
The emphasis of Romanticism is on the imagination and emotion and it started as reaction against the Industrial Revolution, which emphasized
commercial production as well as a response to the disillusionment with the Enlightenment values of reason and order caused by the ending of the
French Revolution (1789).
The Romanticism was a period in which certain ideas and attitudes arose; intellect became the dominant mode of expression. Expression was everything
to the Romantics; art, music, poetry, drama, literature and philosophy (The History guide). The Romantics opted for a life of the heart and appreciated
diversity in man and nature.
Change – The Romantics were liberals and conservatives, revolutionaries and reactionaries. Some were preoccupied with God, others were atheistic to
the core. The Romantics saw diversity and uniqueness – those traits created diversity between man and nations. The Romantics exclaimed, "Dare to
6. be!" (The History guide).
The old order –– politics and the economy –– seemed to be falling apart and raised the threat of moral disaster. There need to build and reshape new
systems of discipline and order grew. The era was full of innovative ideas and new art forms.
Zeitgeist – "Hegel's idea of the zeitgeist, the "spirit of the age," the ghostly
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7. romanticism Essay
ROMANTICISM
As a result of the American revolution the literature during the ninghteen century changed to fiction. The Romanticism was a period in which authors
left classicism, age of reason, in the old world and started to offered imagination, emotions and a new literature that toward nature, humanity and society
to espouse freedom and individualism. The main characteristics or Romanticism movements are: an emphasis on imagination as a key to revealing the
innermost depths of the human spirit, the celebration of the beauty and mystery of nature, and a fascination with the supernatural and gothic.
Washington Irving was a very important author...show more content...
This is a beautiful poem because with the characteristic of celebration of beauty and mystery of nature it shows how beautiful nature is and if
someday someone feel sad and that person goes to nature that t will help it to feel better. In fact there's also a moment in life when we are all going
to die and we will become part of earth. On the other hand some people are afraid to death, but it tries to explain to those who have those thoughts
that when you die, you reborn, and all the beauties of nature of nature like rivers, flowers, mountains will be the decorations of our tomb. " Old oceans
gray and melancholy waste are but great tomb of man..." ( Bryant, 130)
Similarly to the other two authors just mentioned, Edgar Allan Poe was known as "The most American genius" and also as a mere "jingle man". He
believed that beauty was the essence of the poem and his work was always been characterized for having hunting, musical quality and a melancholy
tone. A very important work he did was " The House of the fall of Usher" which characterizes the fascination with the supernatural and the gothic.
Equally important there were three symbols that played a very important role in this play; the candle, the fissure and the vegetation. The candle
symbolizes their life because when one of the light of the candles turn off was because one of the was going to die; the fissure symbolizes the
weakness of the Ushers family; and at the same time the vegetation
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8. Essay on Romanticism In Literature
Romanticism In Literature
Romanticism in literature, began around 1750 and lasted until 1870. Different from the classical ways of Neoclassical
Age(1660–1798), it relied on imagination, idealization of nature and freedom of thought and expression.
Two men who influenced the era with their writings were
William Wordsworth and SamuelTaylor Coleridge, both English poets of the time. Their edition of "Lyrical Ballads';, stressed the importance of feeling
and imagination. Thus in romantic
Literature the code was imagination over reason, emotion over logic, and finally intuition over science. All of these new ways discouraged and didn't
tolerate the more classic way of literature. Other significant writers of the...show more content...
References to this can be found in
"Ode to Evening'; by William Collins, and "Elegy Written in a
Country Churchyard'; by Thomas Gray.
With the freedom that Romanticism brought came the broadening of the writers horizons. The Middle Ages became topic of many stories and settings.
The nostalgia of more Gothic times put more exotic ideas into the author's minds. The supernatural became a substantial part of the literature.
Outcomes of this new idea were "Lines Written a Few Miles Above
Tintern Abbey';, by Wordsworth, and "The Castle of Otranto';, written by Horace Walpole.
The world of the supernatural and exoticness was reinforced by two main things. One was pure rebellion against the standards of the
eighteenth–century rationalism, such as the structure of neoclassical society. The second was the rediscovery of folk tales and ballads, particularly the
ones collected by Facob and Wilhelm Karl Grimm, also know as the Brothers Grimm.
These gave an inspiration to write many of the pieces of a supernatural nature for the writers of the Romantic Age.
The Romantic Age started to lose it's glitter by the middle of the nineteenth–century. Literature started to get serious again focusing on issues such as
problems of religion and faith and politics of the English democracy. Now instead of journeying to mythical places through the reading people
10. Essay on Romanticism
Romanticism
"In spite of its representation of potentially diabolical and satanic powers, its historical and geographic location and its satire on extreme Calvinism,
James Hogg's Private Memoirs and Confessions of a
Justified Sinner proves to be a novel that a dramatises a crisis of identity, a theme which is very much a Romantic concern." Discuss.
Examination of Romantic texts provides us with only a limited and much debated degree of commonality. However despite the disparity of
Romanticism (or Romanticisms) as a movement it would be true to say that a prevalent aspect of Romantic literature that unites many different forms
of the movement, is a concern with the divided self.
As the empirical Rationalism of the eighteenth century was...show more content...
Griffiths agrees that the "central distinctive feature of Romanticism is the search for a reconciliation between the inner vision and the outer
experience." Duncan Wu asserts that Romantic texts are often concerned with "division..and reunion between the body and the spirit." (Wu, xvii).
David Oakleaf specifically applies this theme to
Confessions identifying it as Robert Wringhim's "refusal to accept himself as both a spiritual and corporeal creature." (Oakleaf, 27).
It is worth noting that Hogg himself felt somewhat torn between his traditional "spiritual" side and his intellectual "corporeal" side. We shall see that
this is a biographical detail of Hogg's life that spills over considerably in his depiction of a crisis of identity in
Confessions.
It is also worth remembering that what is conveniently termed the
"Romantic period" was one of great social and political division.
Britain itself was undergoing a societal "crisis of identity" catalysed by the industrial revolution, increased literacy and the noble beginnings of the
French Revolution. As a result the literature of the age reflected this on a number of levels both overt and covert; tangible and spiritual.
In the Scotland of Confessions almost everything is at odds with everything else. It is fraught with historical, religious and familial divisions and, more
11. substantially, divisions of identity. Although
Scottish religious and political history provides an effective
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12. Romanticism Essay
Romanticism represents the radical changes witnessed in literature, art, philosophy, and religion during the 18th and 19th centuries. During the period,
there were notable shifts from the widely recognized orthodoxy and neoclassicism of the prior times that had been influencing the critical standings in
the world. Romanticism consists of three focal objects, emotions, freedom, and imagination. While analyzing the literary works of different authors
over the course of time, these items have further been accessorized into typical characteristics. These include integrity, authenticity, subjectivity, focus
on personal life rather than the society as a whole, spontaneous thoughts, the superiority of imagination in comparison with reason, beauty, love for
nature and individualism. Romanticism also embeds the concept of intellectualism to draw the element of positivity. The ideas of self–consciousness
evoke different opinions among authors with critics arguing that romantics are poets who tend to internal everything
Romanticism and Self–Consciousness
The concept of Romanticism gained ground following the 18th–century political revolutions that shook the traditional lives of societies across the
globe. In particular, the French revolution that took place in 1789 led to the introduction of multiple changes in the way people lived. Alterations in the
ways of thinking became a necessary addition to ensure efficient blending into the new sequences. For these reasons, the term
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13. Essay On Romanticism
Introduction
Because we did not do the presentation for The Cultural Dimension of Europe, we now made a make–up assignment. In this make–up assignment we
made a discussion paper over romanticism as a way of looking at the world. First we have an introduction about romanticism and then we have four
debating points to discuss. Firstly does history repeat itself, focusing at the reaction of romanticism on events in the 18th century to the reaction of
romanticism on events nowadays? Secondly is a green world a good world? Thirdly if you are religious, are you a romanticist? And fourthly are
politics and the economy created by rationalization?
Body
First an introduction about, romanticism. Romanticism started about 200 years ago. This was the...show more content...
But why was nature so important for romanticists? Romanticism and nature are connected because the artists and philosophers of the romantic period
emphasized the glory and beauty of nature, and the power of the natural world. Some scholars of romanticism believe that the romanticists treated
nature in an almost religious way. Reasons for the development of this strong connection between nature and romanticism include the Industrial
Revolution, which led many people to leave rural areas and live in cities, separated from the natural world. In addition, during the 18th and 19th
centuries when romanticism was popular, large areas of European and North American wilderness had been tamed, so that it had become generally
much safer for people to travel into these areas and observe their natural wonders. The connection between romanticism and nature may have also risen
in part as a backlash against the scientific emphasis of enlightenment philosophy, and against the cultural norms of that period.
Many romanticist artists, writers, and philosophers believe in the natural world as a source of healthy emotions and ideas. By contrast, the emerging
urban, industrialized world was often portrayed as a source of unhealthy emotions, morals, and thoughts. Romanticists such as Henry David Thoreau
believed that humans were meant to live in the world of nature, rather than the urban world. The connection between Romanticism and nature was
largely formed with this core concept that man's true self can be found in the wilderness, rather than in the
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14. Romanticism Essay
Throughout history there have been many critics that believe literary movements arise out of rebellions against the literature of the present era. While
they are not entirely wrong, it is more reasonable to believe that realism, as well as Naturalism was a rebellious reaction to the traits of the Romantic
Movements. These rebels began to write more stories that had traits that included, but were not limited to: greed, lust, and confusion. Realist writers
were rebelling against the stories that would often include themes of honor, chivalry, and service due to the fact that they didn't believe they depicted
what real life was like for the average working man. When understanding the origins of Romanticism, the two major schools of Romanticism, and the
origins of Realism, it is more believable that Realism was a rebellious reaction of the Romantic Movement. Romanticism was an intellectual
movement that involved specific types of musical, artistic, and literary elements in each project. Romanticism had first been recognized in Europe
towards more of the end of the 18th century and was at it's peak from 1800's to 1850's. Romanticism was most known for its characteristics that had
put a large emphasis on individualism and and emotion. One quote from the Romanticism packet of stories that supports this idea of individualism can
be found in the passage titled, The Devil and Tom Walker, towards the beginning of the piece. The passage states, "They lived in a forlorn
–looking
house
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