Evaluación sintomas ASI

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Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children - Alternate Version
Briere, J.
1996
Description of Measure
Purpose
To assess the effects of childhood trauma through the child’s self-report.
Conceptual Organization
The 54-item Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSCC) consists of two validity
scales (Underresponse and Hyperresponse), six clinical scales (Anxiety, Depression, Post-
traumatic Stress, Dissociation, Anger, and Sexual Concerns) and 8 critical items. The measure is
written at a level appropriate for the language and reading capabilities of children 8-16 years of
age (Briere, 1996).
The TSCC-Alternate Version (TSCC-A) is a shortened version of the TSCC that
excludes the 10 items that comprise the Sexual Concerns scale and one critical item relating to
sexual issues. The TSCC-A addresses human subjects concerns that children might be upset by
reference to sexual issues. It is recommended that the TSCC be used in clinical and forensic
settings where sexual victimization is more likely to be found, and the TSCC-A be used in
school settings (Briere 1996).
Item Origin/Selection Process
The TSCC is the children’s version of the Trauma Symptom Checklist for adults. Items
for both measures were selected based on factor analyses and consultation with experts in the
field of psychopathology (Briere, 1996).
Materials
Test and manual are available from the publisher.
Time Required
10 minutes

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Administration Method
Interviewer-administered to an individual, or to a group.
Training
Minimal
Scoring
Score Types
For each item, the child records the frequency with which the statement pertains to her/him
on a 4-point scale ranging from 0 (never) to 3 (almost all the time). Raw scale scores are derived
by summing the response values for all items comprising the scale, and then dividing by the
number of items within the scale. Please see Briere, 1996, for additional scoring information.
Score Interpretation
A higher score reflects greater symptomatology. T scores at or above 65 for any clinical scale
are considered clinically significant (Briere, 1996).
Norms and/or Comparative Data
The TSCC was normed on 3008 children from three nonclinical samples: 53% female;
44% White, 27% Black, and 22% Hispanic (See Briere, 1996 for additional information).
Caution should be used when comparing scores of LONGSCAN subjects with those
obtained from normative samples because the LONGSCAN subjects had the items read to them
by the interviewers, while subjects in the normative samples read the items themselves.
Psychometric Support
Reliability
The TSCC clinical scales demonstrate good internal consistency reliability with alpha
coefficients for the normative sample ranging from .82 (Depression) to .89 (Anger). In the
normative sample the alpha reliability for the validity scales was good for UND (α = .85) and

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moderate for HYP (α = .66). Internal consistency for the clinical scales was also good in several
clinical samples (α = .80 to .89) (Briere, 1996).
Validity
Results of the TSCC are congruent with those derived from similar measures including
the CBCL, the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS) and the Child Depression
Inventory, indicating good concurrent validity. Also, among populations in which trauma
symptomatology is expected to be substantial, for example, children with histories of abuse,
scores have been high. Among children receiving treatment for traumatic experiences, scores on
the TSCC tend to decrease over time (Lanktree & Briere, 1990, 1995).
LONGSCAN Use
Data Points
Age 8
Respondent
Child
Mnemonic and Version
TSA
Rationale
LONGSCAN chose to use the TSCC-A at the Age 8 interview because it is a
standardized and valid child self-report measure of internalized distress, and includes symptoms
associated with post-traumatic stress disorder.
Results
Descriptive Statistics
Table 1 displays the percentage of children with elevated scores on the two TSCC
validity scales. In the normative sample fewer than 2.5% of the total sample had significantly
elevated scores on one of theses scales (2% had UND > 70; 1% had HYP > 90). Relative to the
TSCC standardization sample a large percentage of LONGSCAN children had elevated scores

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on one of the TSCC validity scales. Children were more likely to under-report symptoms than
over-report. While boys were more likely to underreport symptoms than girls, there was no sex
difference in the incidence of over-reporting. Black children and children from the EA site were
the most likely to have elevated UND scores. Black children were also more likely than children
of other races to have elevated HYP scores.
Table 1 about here
Although the large number of children scoring above the threshold on the validity scales
is a concern, the author recommended (J. Briere, personal communication) that the data for these
children remain in the database and be included in all analyses.
Tables 2 and 3 show the means and standard deviations of the T scores for each of the
clinical scales by race, sex, and study site. Both boys and girls have higher than average scores
on all clinical scales except Anger. Multiracial boys demonstrate higher symptoms than other
boys across all clinical scales. Similarly, boys at the SW and NW sites report the highest
symptoms across clinical scales. The pattern is somewhat different for girls (Table 3). Like boys,
the girls at the SW and NW sites have higher scores relative to other girls. However, it is White
and Multiracial girls whose TSCC scores are highest.
Table 2 about here
Table 3 about here
For both boys and girls the T score standard deviations are greater than average,
indicating wide variability in scores. Given the higher than average scores for boys and girls
overall and the large standard deviations seen, it is likely that a number of children are scoring at
or above the clinical cutpoint on one or more of the clinical scales.
Table 4 shows the percentage of LONGSCAN children scoring in the clinical range on
each of the clinical scales by race and study site. Overall, between 8% and 24% of the
LONGSCAN children had elevated clinical scale scores indicating that these children have
scores that equal or exceed 94% of the standardization sample. A greater percentage of our
sample scored in the clinical range on Anxiety than on the other clinical scales.
Table 4 about here

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Hispanic children tended to have the greatest percentage of scores in the clinical range
across all scales except Anger. Black children and children of Other races were least likely to
have clinically significant scores on Anxiety, PTS. The NW site had the greatest percentage of
children in the clinical range across all scales, and the EA site had the lowest percentage.
Reliability
As can be seen in Table 6, internal consistency for the TSCC scales using the
LONGSCAN sample was generally good and comparable to alpha reliabilities reported by the
author (Briere, 1996). Overall reliability for each of the scales ranged from .76 (Depression) to
.85 (Anger). Alpha reliabilities for children of Other races was generally low (α = .20
[Depression] to .63 [Anger]). This may be due to the small sample size of this group.
Comparison by study site reveals moderate to good internal consistency.
Table 6 about here
Publisher Information
In order to grant permission for the inclusion of any sample items, PARS must know the
name/title of the journal, article, or book for publication. An Agreement must be prepared for
permission to include any items. A blanket permission is not available. Authors using sample
items in publications must contact PARS when they know where the material will be published.
Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.
P.O. Box 998
Odessa, FL 33556
(800) 331-TEST
References and Bibliography
Briere, J. (1996). Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children: Professional Manual. Odessa, FL:
Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.

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Evans, J. J., Briere, J., Boggiano, A. K., & Barrett, M. (1994, January). Reliability and validity
of the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children in a normal sample. Paper presented at
the San Diego Conference on Responding to Child Maltreatment, San Diego, CA.
Lanktree, C. B., & Briere, J. (1990, August). Early data on the Trauma Symptom Checklist for
Children (TSC-C). Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychological
Association, Boston, MA.
Lanktree, C. B., & Briere, J. (1995). Outcome of therapy for sexually abused children: A
repeated measures study. Child Abuse and Neglect, 19, 1145-1155.

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Table 1. Normative Raw Scores by child’s sex on the TSCC Scales for 8-12 Year Olds
N
Anxiety
M (SD)
Depression
M (SD)
Anger
M (SD)
Post-traumatic
Stress
M (SD)
Dissociation
M (SD)
Males 249 6.1 (3.8) 7.0 (4.0) 8.8 (5.1) 8.6 (5.3) 7.2 (4.9)
Females 256 7.4 (4.1) 7.8 (4.2) 8.3 (5.3) 9.5 (5.5) 7.4 (5.1)
Source. Briere, J. (1996)

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Table 1. Percent with elevated scores on the TSCC validity scales by Sex, Race, and Study
Site. Age 8 Interview
N
Under-response
%
Hyper-response
%
Total 1031 27.3 17.4
Sex
Male 488 14.0 8.7
Female 543 13.3 8.6
Race
White 270 5.0 5.0
Black 566 17.9 8.7
Hispanic 60 1.5 0.9
Multiracial 123 2.6 2.7
Other 12 0.3 0.1
Site
EA 233 8.1 2.5
MW 142 3.9 2.5
SO 183 4.9 2.6
SW 259 5.8 5.0
NW 214 4.7 4.8
Source. Based on data received at the LONGSCAN Coordinating Center through 6/21/02.

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Table 2. Mean T-Scores for Boys on TSCC Scales by Race and Study Site. Age 8 Interview
N
Anxiety
M (SD)
Depression
M (SD)
Post-traumatic
Stress
M (SD)
Dissociation
M (SD)
Anger
M (SD)
Total 488 54.94 (16.42) 51.73 (13.82) 53.99 (13.41) 54.02 (13.22) 46.55 (12.18)
Race
White 128 55.30 (15.76) 52.52 (12.84) 54.13 (13.58) 53.17 (11.89) 47.60 (11.67)
Black 263 53.98 (16.51) 50.54 (14.39) 53.07 (13.10) 53.94 (13.73) 45.82 (12.20)
Hispanic 30 56.87 (13.91) 51.90 (11.40) 54.87 (14.20) 54.23 (13.56) 44.03 (9.19)
Multiracial 62 57.94 (18.74) 55.21 (14.27) 57.19 (14.04) 56.10 (13.92) 49.32 (14.08)
Other 5 47.60 (5.86) 49.80 (10.57) 54.00 (9.57) 53.40 (8.47) 39.00 (6.00)
Site
EA 116 50.91 (14.72) 47.67 (11.94) 50.52 (11.70) 51.92 (12.02) 44.95 (10.35)
MW 59 56.07 (14.58) 53.63 (14.42) 54.19 (12.16) 53.44 (12.08) 48.34 (13.34)
SO 81 52.35 (13.84) 49.30 (11.94) 51.60 (12.43) 50.78 (11.65) 45.09 (11.42)
SW 124 57.66 (17.75) 54.82 (14.23) 56.43 (13.94) 57.39 (14.41) 46.60 (12.20)
NW 108 57.48 (18.31) 53.33 (14.23) 56.61 (14.86) 55.18 (13.93) 48.35 (13.63)
Source. Based on data received at the LONGSCAN Coordinating Center through 6/21/02.

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Table 3. Mean T-Scores for Girls on TSCC Scales by Race and Study Site. Age 8 Interview
N
Anxiety
M (SD)
Depression
M (SD)
Post-traumatic
Stress
M (SD)
Dissociation
M (SD)
Anger
M (SD)
Total 543 53.47 (14.09) 50.26 (11.96) 51.97 (11.83) 51.35 (11.10) 45.55 (10.37)
Race
White 142 55.73 (15.05) 51.72 (12.43) 54.62 (12.82) 52.51 (11.32) 46.57 (10.94)
Black 303 51.74 (13.59) 48.95 (11.46) 50.15 (11.04) 50.60 (10.47) 44.85 (9.92)
Hispanic 30 54.73 (15.16) 49.93 (13.10) 52.13 (12.98) 49.53 (12.76) 42.98 (11.76)
Multiracial 61 56.38 (13.14) 53.39 (12.59) 54.61 (11.74) 53.43 (12.67) 47.98 (11.76)
Other 7 51.43 (10.95) 51.14 (5.18) 53.14 (7.93) 49.86 (9.23) 45.29 (5.12)
Site
EA 117 49.15 (12.54) 46.59 (9.66) 48.64 (9.65) 49.99 (9.69) 43.62 (8.36)
MW 83 52.29 (12.72) 49.05 (10.77) 50.63 (10.46) 48.98 (9.15) 45.20 (9.79)
SO 102 52.14 (13.49) 48.37 (11.07) 50.26 (12.04) 49.69 (11.02) 45.01 (10.89)
SW 135 56.06 (14.50) 52.85 (12.70) 54.60 (12.50) 53.41 (12.18) 46.41 (10.69)
NW 106 57.13 (15.36) 53.76 (13.44) 54.98 (12.70) 53.68 (11.86) 47.36 (11.57)
Source. Based on data received at the LONGSCAN Coordinating Center through 6/21/02.

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Table 4. Percent scoring in the clinical range on TSCC Clinical Scales by Sex, Race and Study
Site. Age 8 Interview
N
Anxiety
%
Depression
%
Post-traumatic
Stress
%
Dissociation
%
Anger
%
Total 1031 23.7 13.0 16.8 14.3 8.2
Sex
Male 488 25.2 15.2 20.9 19.1 10.9
Female 543 22.3 11.1 13.1 9.9 5.9
Race
White 270 25.6 12.6 20.0 13.0 8.9
Black 566 21.4 11.3 13.3 13.1 7.1
Hispanic 60 30.0 13.3 21.7 15.0 3.3
Multiracial 123 28.5 22.0 25.2 22.8 15.5
Other 12 8.3 8.3 -- 8.3 --
Site
EA 233 15.5 5.6 7.7 9.4 3.4
MW 142 21.8 11.3 14.8 7.0 7.8
SO 183 21.9 9.3 12.1 12.6 7.7
SW 259 27.8 18.5 22.0 19.3 9.7
NW 214 30.4 19.7 24.8 19.6 12.6
Source. Based on data received at the LONGSCAN Coordinating Center through 6/21/02.

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Table 5. Percent with positive scores on critical items on the TSCC by Race and
Study Site. Age 8 Interview
This table has been removed due to changes in the measures copyright.

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Table 6. Cronbach’s Alpha Statistics for the TSCC Scales by Race and Study Site.
Age 8 Interview
Anxiety Depression
Post-traumatic
Stress Dissociation Anger
Total .80 .76 .82 .76 .85
Race
White .82 .77 .84 .73 .86
Black .79 .77 .80 .76 .84
Hispanic .79 .77 .85 .83 .82
Multiracial .80 .74 .81 .78 .87
Other .50 .20 .41 .51 .63
Site
EA .79 .68 .76 .71 .79
MW .74 .74 .75 .70 .85
SO .76 .74 .82 .76 .86
SW .81 .78 .83 .79 .85
NW .83 .79 .84 .78 .88
Source. Based on data received at the LONGSCAN Coordinating Center through 6/21/02.