Improving Indoor Air Quality and Reducing Energy Costs
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Indoor Air Quality for Buildings: For Health , Personal Comfort and Working Efficiency. Optimising Building Air Systems: Energy and Running cost reductions
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Improving Indoor Air Quality and Reducing Energy Costs
- 1. Paul Newton Ltd June 2014 Indoor Air Quality for Buildings For Health , Personal Comfort and Working Efficiency Optimising Building Air Systems Energy and Running cost reductions
- 2. Clean air solutionsClean air solutionsClean air solutions Camfil’s business concept – clean air Our business concept is to deliver value to customers all over the world while contributing to something essential to everyone – clean air Clean air solutionsClean air solutionsClean air solutions
- 3. Clean air solutionsClean air solutionsClean air solutions Outdoor Air Pollution Clean air solutionsClean air solutionsClean air solutions Particles: Traffic combustion particles, Power Stations, Pollen Definition of size: 0.01 – 100 µm • PM 2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of up to 2.5 µm) • PM 10 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of up to 10 µm) Gases: Random movement, molecular size Gas molecule size < 0.001 µm • Nitrogen Dioxide • Ozone • Sulphur Dioxide • VOCs
- 4. Clean air solutionsClean air solutionsClean air solutions Indoor Air Pollution Clean air solutionsClean air solutionsClean air solutions • We spend 90% of our time inside • 50 % of all particles inside come from outdoor air – Heating and Traffic particles • 50 % are generated from indoor sources – Building materials, cleaning products, air fresheners • A big part of the population lives and works in areas where rates of particles exceed WHO guidelines regarding PM2.5 (10ug/m3/year)
- 5. How small are these particles? Clean air solutionsClean air solutionsClean air solutions
- 7. Comfort Air Filters A healthy and beneficial climate • Offices • Hotels • Schools • Shopping centres • Conference centres • Airports Clean air solutionsClean air solutionsClean air solutions
- 8. Results of poor Air Filtration in Ventilation Systems Clean air solutionsClean air solutionsClean air solutions • Air flows reduced • Ducts filled with fine dust resulting in micro organism growth • Heating and cooling coils blocked • High cleaning and Energy costs • Indoor Air Quality issues for Health
- 9. Air Handling Unit energy flow Pre- filter Secondary- filter Intake Air Frost coil Supply Air Damper Heating coil Cooling coil FA N MOTO R Gas-filter (Carbon) Attenuator OUTSID E INSID E Electrical Energy input via motor
- 10. Clean air solutionsClean air solutionsClean air solutions Air Filter - Energy Equation Clean air solutionsClean air solutionsClean air solutions Calculations reveal that energy normally accounts for 70% of the total life cycle cost of the system. The energy consumption is directly proportional to the average pressure drop over the filter. Energy (E) = [(Q x ΔP x T)/(ŋ x Co)] . Pc • Q: Air flow, m3/s • ΔP: Average filter pressure loss, Pa • T: Operation time, hr • ŋ: Fan efficiency, % • Pc: Cost of Power, p/kWh • Co: Constant, 1000 in SI units
- 11. Clean air solutionsClean air solutionsClean air solutions IndoorAirQualityforBuildings11 Low Energy Air Filter Solutions Carbon Filters: ’Citysorb’ (Gas) ’Citycarb’ (Gas+Particle) Single Stage Bag Solution ’Hi-Flo’ Primary Filter ’30/30’ Secondary Rigid Compact Filter ’Opakfil Energy’ Eurovent Energy Rated Products
- 12. Clean air solutionsClean air solutionsClean air solutions Air Filter - Life Cycle Costing model Clean air solutionsClean air solutionsClean air solutions The life cycle cost for the filter is the cost of: Low Cost Filter Low Energy filter 1. Filter purchase 12% 35% 2. Labour 12% 11% 3. Energy used 70% 50% 4. Waste Disposal 6% 4% = Total Cost of Ownership
- 13. Clean air solutionsClean air solutionsClean air solutions Camfil Software - Life Cycle Costing Calculation for Air Filters Clean air solutionsClean air solutionsClean air solutions Parameters the software includes: • Type of filters in use: Outside air condition • Airflow rates • Number of filters in the air-handling units • Current change out conditions • Current energy cost • Installation cost • Disposal and cleaning cost
- 14. Clean air solutionsClean air solutionsClean air solutions Air Filter Standards and Guidelines IndoorAirQualityforBuildings14 Current Test Standard BS EN779 : 2012 Air Filter particle efficiency Indoor Air Quality Standard: BS EN13779 : 2007 Particle and Gas Phase Filtration guidelines Ventilation for buildings BS EN15780 : 2011 Inspection regimes - Internal Cleanliness of Ventilation Systems Eurovent Certified Air Filters New Energy grading for filters ratings from A to G
- 15. Air Handling Unit demonstrator shows live data energy savings with Low Energy Air Filter optimisation Air Filter Energy Savings - Demonstration
- 16. Clean air solutionsClean air solutionsClean air solutions Fan Motor Energy Reduction Clean air solutionsClean air solutionsClean air solutions Maximum AHU system energy conservation comes from a dual strategy of optimising static components, and use of a Variable Speed Drive (VSD) or Inverter to the fan motor:
- 17. Indoor Air Quality for Buildings 17 Stand alone portable air cleaners provide a practical health and economic solution Fast response and portable to give Clean Indoor Air Quality CamCleaner – Air Purifier
- 18. Clean air solutionsClean air solutionsClean air solutions Results of Good Indoor Air quality Clean air solutionsClean air solutionsClean air solutions Consequences on productivity and absenteeism • Productivity can be improved by 10% in the workplace from better indoor air quality • Improved ventilation systems can save 400 Euros per year per employee • Reduce sick leave rate by 30% * INIVE - International Network for Information on Ventilation and Energy Performance
- 19. Indoor Air Quality for Buildings 19 Questions? peter.dyment@camfil.co.uk
Editor's Notes
- Here is a simplistic view of a ventilation system, so we can better understand the rest of the presentation. We need to take external air and make it suitable for internal use (stable temp, humidity, remove pollutants etc) All the components of the ventilation system work to prevent air movement (flow resistance) which we measure as pressure loss. Water will not flow up hill against gravity, you need a pump and the input of energy. The fan is the same, it requires the input of energy to drive the air through the ventilation system. This is where the energy cost arises from The flow resistance of most components is fairly stable through life, However the flow resistance of filters depends on their construction and varies through life, this is where the opportunity for energy and cost optimisation arises.