GI infection

1. GI BLOCK Bacteria Summary
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 Bacterial Infections:
Inegestion of bacteria can cause many infections, summarised as the following:
1. Escherichia Coli:
 O157:H7
o Contaminated beef, and fruit juices.
o Cytotoxin causes crampy abdominal pain
o Causes hemorrhagic colitis, haemolytic uremic syndrome
(HUS) and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
 Enteroinvasive:
o Contaminated foods and water
o Invasive and causes inflammation like colitis
 Enterotoxigenic:
o Contaminated food, and water
o Enterotoxin causes watery diarrhoea
 Enterphatogenic & Enteroadherent:
o Contaminated food, and water
o Contact with brush borders causing watery diarrhoea
2. Clostridium difficile
 Associated with pseudomembranous colitis
 Due to anti-biotic associated infections
 Toxin assay is best way to confirm
 Treatment: Metronizazole; oral vancomycin may produce resistant
restrains
3. Clostridium botulinum
 Food poisoning bacteria with toxins
 Causes paralysis and mydriasis
 In infants, it is usually contracted by eating spores in honey
4. Closteridium prefengis:
 Contaminated meat & poulty
 Performed exotoxin
 Causes acute gastroenteritis
5. Vibrio Cholera:
 Contaminated water or contaminated seafood.
 Treatment: Fluid+ glucose + electrolyte replacement.
 Two types:
o 01 & 1039 stereotypes
 Epidemic
 Causes rice water stool
 Vomiting
 Dehydration with shock
o Non-01 stereotypes:
 Fever nausea blood in stool
 Mainly related with eating sea food

2. GI BLOCK Bacteria Summary
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6. Bacillus cereus:
 Gram positive rod
 Food poisoning with preformed toxins
 Associated with fried rice…
7. Salmonella
 Food(poultry, eggs, seafood, and animal reservoir
 Invasion, inflammations
 Causes gastroenteritis, ileitis, colitis, enteric fever (s.typhi)

8. Campylobacter Jejuni
 Curved S-shaped gram negative rods
 Contracted by eating contaminated milk and diary products
 Dysentery bacteria
9. Shigella:
 Contaminated poultry and day-care centres
 Causes mycosal ulcerations, and inflammation
 Two phases:
o Enteritis (Fever, cramps diarrhea)
o Colitis(ulcer, inflammation
 Dysenteric bacteria
10. Yersina Entercolitica:
 Contaminated raw milk
 Invasion and inflammation, induce fever, RLQ pain, and
pseudoappendicitis.
 Causes acute diarrhea or chronic ileocolitis, eg. Chron’s disease.
 May cause speticemia in children.

11. Staphylococcus aureus
 Food poisoning bacteria
 Gasteroenteritis 1-6 hours after eating
 Associated with Chef’s noise-picking phenomenon.
12. Mybacterium tuberculosis
 Acid-fast organism
 Invades pyer’s patches from primary source – lungs.
13. Helicobacter pylori
 Spiral shaped bacteria
 Associated with Peptic Ulcer disease (PUD)
 Contaminated water in under-developed countaries
 Treatment: PPI or antacid + two antibiotics
References:
http://www.textbookofbacteriology.net/kt_toc.html
Mim’s Medical Microbiology
Lippincott's illustrated reviews: microbiology