Hospital and clinical pharmacy hospital instrument and health accessories

1. Nomenclature and Use of
Surgical Instrument's
and Hospital
Equipment's and Health
Accessories
Prepare by: Yannawar P.D ( M pharm)
DCOP, Latur

2. • Content
• Introduction
• Hospital instruments classification
• Diagnostic instruments
• Therapeutic instruments
• Operative instruments (surgical instrument's)
• Health accessories

3. Introduction:
• No surgeon is successful without use of surgical instrument's, the diagnostic tools are as
important as surgical instrument's.
• Accurate diagnosis tools are more important to surgeon as his surgical instruments
• Because accurate diagnosis is important for appropriate and effective treatment
• Almost all the organs in our body can be directly visualized with use of simple
apparatus
Hospital equipment's :
the term hospital equipment is defined as part of the medical device which is used for it
intended medical purposes in hospital care

4. • Surgical instrument's
Definition:
• are tools or devices that perform such functions as cutting, dissecting, grasping, holding,
retracting, or suturing. Most surgical instruments are made from stainless steel, Other
metals and alloys, including titanium is also used.
Classification:
Surgical instruments are classified according to their functional usage into the following
categories:
1.Cutting and dissecting surgical instruments: ...
2.Grasping and handling surgical instruments: ...
3.Clamping and occluding surgical instruments: ...
4.Retracting and exposing instruments: ...
5.Instruments for improving visualization:

5. Hospital instruments can be classified into three categories
Instruments
Diagnostic Therapeutics Operative
Laryngoscope Equipment For Sterilization Scalpel
Bronchoscope Surgical Sutures Scissors
Optical Mediatinoscope Surgical Gloves Forceps
CT Scan Git Endoscopy Equipment's For Drains And Splints Cutter
Biopsies Choledochoscope Laser Clamp
Laparoscope Lithotripsy Holder
Arthroscope Tourniquet
Urological Endoscopy

6. A. Diagnostic instruments:
• This are basically used for diagnostic purpose.
1. Optical instruments:
Instruments use
Laryngoscope and
pharyngoscope
Direct examination of larynx. most
commonly used by anesthetics for
intubation.
Bronchoscope Direct visualization of trachea and bronchial
tree.
Used for diagnostic and therapeutic
purpose.
Mediastinoscope Examination and biopsy of superior
mediastinal lymph nodes which involve
bronchial carcinoma.

7. .
instrument Use
GIT endoscopy
(oesophascope)
Used for examination of
oesophagous.
Negus or chevalier Jackson
pattern is used
Choledoscope Used to visualize common and
hepatic bile duct ,in it saline is
used for irrigation
Laparoscope Used by gynecologist for
examination of pelvis and for
tubal ligation.
Arthroscope Endoscopic examination of joints.
mostly knee joints for injury,
chondromalacia patellae and
osteochondritis, arthritis
Urological
endoscopy
Used in large number of patients
to visualize renal pelvis. And
ureteroscope is recent addition.

8. 2.CT scan
• Computed tomography scan is useful diagnostic tool for detecting disease and injuries
• It uses series of X rays and computer to produce 3D image of soft tissue and bones
• It is painless, noninvasive way of diagnosis.
• Is shows detail image of any part of body including bones, muscles, organs and blood vessels.
• It is used to detect cancer, heart, liver disease, shows internal injuries.

9. 3.biopsies
• It is examination of living tissue removed from body.
• Most common way to take biopsy is to cut away piece of tissue with scalpel.
methods Use
Curette Scoop like instruments used to scrap of
material or tissue biopsy
Needle biopsy Most commonly used biopsy due to its
simplicity and speed.
Advantage: it can be performed under local
anesthesia with minimum facilities and
minimum trauma.
Biopsy punch
forceps
Used to remove a piece of tissue by occlusion
of two cupped jaws.
Suitable for mucosal biopsy.

10. B. Therapeutic instruments
1.Eqipments for sterilization
I. Autoclave
II. Hot air oven
III. Chemical sterilizer
2. Surgical suture:
It is used to close wounds to skin and tissue, it is either absorbable
or non absorbable.
types Use
Catgut It is absorbable material made from strip of sheep guts.
Silk Non absorbable suture produce from silkworm larva thread
Nylon It is synthetic polyamide, polyesters, polyethylene
Cotton Rarely used and have poor tensile strength
Linen Made up from twisted staple flax fiber. stronger than cotton

11. 3.Surgical gloves
• It is essential barrier between patient and surgeon, help to prevent infection to both.
• It is made from thick vulcanized rubber but now a days it is made from latex rubber.
• To prevent dry surface of gloves sticking together they dusted with powder.
• They are reusable, washable, repaired and sterilized.

12. 4. Equipment's for drain(empty) and splints(support)
Types Use
Gastric and
intestinal tubes
These tubes passed into stomach. Used for stomach washout.
Ex. Gastric lavage tubes
Ryle's gastroduodenal tubes
Miller Abbott tube
Abdominal and
chest drains
Drains are used to prevent fluid collection within abdominal
cavity
Urological catheters It is tube which collect urine from bladder and leads to drainage
bags
The choice of catheter tip is important.
It is either straight or curved (coude).
Design to pass the prostatic urethra.
Endotracheal tubes
and tracheostomy
tube
Flexible plastic tubes passed through mouth into trachea to help
patient to breath.
Used for ventilation of lungs in head and neck surgery, laryngitis,
epiglottitis.

13. .

14. 5. Laser
• It means light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation.
• The effect of laser beam on tissue depend on its spectrum, energy and tissue absorption.
• There are three types of laser used in surgery, which are as follows,
a) CO2 Laser: uses mixture of co2( active medium) and nitrogen(energy transfer i.e.pump)
b) Argon laser: uses argon gas( active medium) and electric current (pump)
c) YAG laser : solid state laser which uses krypton or xenon lamp as pump.
Uses:
• Used for superficial skin lesions, GIT bleeding it helps in tissue repair.
• Relives pain due to damage of soft tissue.

15. 6.Lithotripsy:
• It is technique used to disintegrate urinary stone by laser beam.
• It is procedure which uses shock waves to break tones in the kidney and parts of ureters.
• It takes 45 min to hour to perform.
• It is non invasive and does not cause any damage to organs.

16. 7.Tourniquet (band of rubber)
• It is an elastic band which is daily use in all hospitals.
• It is used for venipuncture.
• It is device which is used to apply pressure to limbs or in order to limit (but not stop) flow
of blood.
• Main use is for controlling hemorrhage, limb surgery where complete stoppage of blood for
long period of time is required.

17. C. Operative instruments (surgical instruments)
• Following instruments are used at the time of general surgery.
Instruments Use
Scalpels Small knife used in surgical operation for incision and
dissection
Scissors It can be long, short, strong, blunt or sharp pointed.
Short used for surface cutting and long used for deep
dissection like thoracic and pelvic surgery.
Cutter Cutting of bones and ligaments and tendons
Ex. Liston bone cutting forceps
Needle holder Holds needle
Forceps Holding tissues
Kocher's intestinal clamps Hold intestine
Kochces thyroid dissectors Dissecting thyroid during its operation

18. • Scissors
short scissors Long scissors
Mayo's s-
Most popular among short scissors both straight or curved
scissors are available
Nelsons scissors:
Have short and thin blades. Used for thoracic surgery.
Mclndoe scissors:
Have intermediate length and curved
Abel S, rectal scissors
Use in pelvic surgery

19.  Health accessories
• The wide verities of health accessories included in hospital are surgical supplies, hospital beds, wheel chairs,
walkers, canes and crutches, hydraulic patient lifter , urology, incontinence supplies, elastic support ostomy appliance's.
• Many pharmacy also includes oxygen therapy equipment's, phototherapy.
1.hospital beds:
Beds are available in 2 forms; manual or electrically operated.
2.wheelchair:
Used for patient with general loss of body functions
3.walkers:
Most common walker is adult adjustable walkers. It provide support to patients.

20. .
• 4.canes and crutches:
• Walking canes have 2 imp function.
• It provide help to transfer weight of week limbs
• Crutch's provide best support to patient wrist and elbow

21. 5.Urological and incontinence supplies
1. Urinals
2. Catheter
3. Incontinence pants
4. Rectal tubes
5. Ostomy appliances
6.phototherapy
7.Respiratory therapy
1. Vaporiser
2. Portable oxygen
3. ventilator
Phototherapy

22. .
2D Echocardiography