4. Historical Perspective of RTE
■1598 - Concept of Compulsory Education – Plato’s “The
Republic”
■1870 – Compulsory Education Act Passed in Britain
■1882 – Indian Education Commission
■ 1893 – Maharaja Boroda introduced Compulsory
Education for Boys in Amreli Taluk.
■1906 – Maharaja Boroda extended Compulsory
Education to Rest of the State
■1906 – Gopala Krishna Gokhale made a plea to Imperial
Legislative Council for Introduction of 1717 -
Prussia Introduced Free and Generally Compulsory
Primary Education Consisting of Eight – Year
Course of Basic Education
■Free and Compulsory Education
■1910 – Gokhale moved Private Members Bill on 18-03-
1910 and it was Rejected
■1917 - First Law on Compulsory Education Passed (Patel
Act)
5. Historical Perspective of RTE
●1918 – Every Province in British India gets Compulsory
Education Act on Its Statute Book
●1930 - Hartog Committee Recommends for Better Quality.
●1937 – Mahatma Gandhi Called for Universal Education.
●1946 – Constitutient Assembly Begin its Task about UEE
●1947 – Kher Committee set up to Explore ways and means of
achieving UEE
●1947 – Rejects free and Compulsory Education as a
Fundamental Right & sends Clause to list of “non-Justiciable
fundamental Right”(Later Termed as Directive Principles of State
Policy
●1950 – Article 45 of Directive Principles of State Policy accepted
●1993 – Supreme Court Held Free Education
●Until the Child Completes the age of 14 to be a Fundamental
Right (Article 21)
●2002 – 86 th Constitutional Amendment – Insertion of New
article 21 A (RIGHT TO EDUCATION)
6. Article 21-A inserted in Fundamental
Rights
●Stipulates that:
●The State shall provide free and compulsory
education to all children of the age of 6 to 14 years in
such manner as the State may, by law, determine.
● ‘it shall come into force from such date as the Central
Government may by notification in the Official Gazette,
appoint’.
●The Act Contains 7 Chapters,38 Sections and 1
Schedule.
●Chapter -I : Introduction, Definitions (Sections 1-2)
●Chapter –II : Free and Compulsory Education. (Sections 3-
5)
●Chapter –III : Duties of Appropriate Government (Sections
6-11)
● Chapter –IV : Responsibilities of schools &
teachers(Sections 12-28)
●Chapter-V: Curriculum &Completion of EE (Sections 29-30)
●Chapter –VI: Protection of Right of Children (Sections 31-
34)
7. Section 1 – Short Title , extent and
commencement.
● This Act may be called the Right of
Children to free and compulsory
Education Act, 2009
● It shall extend to the whole of India
except the State of Jammu and Kashmir.
● It shall come into force on such date
as the Central Government may by
notification in the Official Gazette, appoint.
Chapter – I – Preliminary
8. Section 2 – Definitions
●APPROPRIATE GOVERNMENT:
1.In relation to a School established, owned or
controlled by the Central Government, or the
administrator of the Union Territory, having no
legislature, the Central Government.
2.In relation to a school, other than the school
referred to in sub-clause (i), established within the
territory of a State, the State Government.
●CAPITATION FEE :Any kind of donation or contribution
or payment other than the fee identified by the School.
●CHILD : A male or female child of age 6-14 years.
●DISADVANTAGE GROUP: Means a child belonging to
SC,ST, Orphans, HIV affected/infected and Specified by
the appropriate Govt by notification.
9. SECTION 2 – DEFINITIONS
●Weaker section : A child belonging to Such Parent or
Guardian whose annual income is lower the minimum
limit Specified by the appropriate Govt by notification
●Elementary Education: The education from first class
to eighth class
●Guardian: A person having the care and custody of
that child and includes a natural guardian or guardian
appointed or declared by a court or a statute
●Local authority: Such authority or body having
administrative Control over the school
●NCPCR: National Commission for Protection of Child
Rights
●Parent: Either the natural or step or adoptive father or
mother of a child
10. SECTION 2 – DEFINITIONS
●School: Any recognized school imparting elementary
education and includes—
(i) a school established, owned or controlled by the
appropriate Government or a local authority
(ii) an aided school receiving aid or grants to meet whole
or part of its expenses from the appropriate Government or
the local authority.
(iii) a school belonging to specified category; and
(iv) an unaided school (not receiving any kind of aid or
grants to meet its expenses from appropriate Government or
the local authority
●Screening procedure: The method of selection for
admission of a child, in preference over another, other than
a random method
●Specified category: Kendriya Vidyalaya, Navodaya
Vidyalaya, Sainik School or any other school having a
distinct character which may be specified by the appropriate
11. Chapter II – Right to Free and Compulsory
Education
●Sec. 3 - Right of Child to Free and Compulsory
Education
Every child of the age of six to fourteen years shall
have a right to free and compulsory education in a
neighbourhood school till completion of Elementary
Education. For the purpose no child shall be liable to
pay any kind of fee or charges or expenses
●Sec. 4 - Special Provision for Children not
admitted to any school.
●An OSC shall be admitted in a class appropriate to his or her
age
●Special training to enable such children to be at par with
others
12. Sec. 5 - Right of transfer to other school
● If there is no provision for completion of
elementary education for completing his or her
EE, or if he/she is required to move from one
school to another, either within a State or outside,
for any reason whatsoever, such child shall have a
right to seek transfer to any other school
● For seeking admission in such other school, the
Head-teacher or in-charge of the school where
such child was last admitted, shall immediately
issue the transfer certificate. Provided that delay
in producing transfer certificate shall not be a
ground for either delaying or denying admission in
such other school
● Head-teacher or in-charge of the School delaying
issuance of transfer certificate shall be liable for
disciplinary action under the service rules
applicable to him, or her.
13. Chapter III- Duties of Appropriate Government, Local
Authority & Parents
●Sec. 6 -Duty of appropriate Govt. and local authority
to to establish schools.
●The appropriate Government and the local authority shall
establish a school, where it is not so established, within a period
of three years from the commencement of this Act.
●Sec. 7 -Sharing of financial and other
responsibilities
● The Central Govt. and the State Govt.s shall have concurrent
responsibility for providing funds for carrying out the provisions of
this Act.
●Central government shall prepare the estimations and provides a
grant-in –aid to state government
● Central govt shall develop national frame work of curriculum,
develop & enforce standards for teachers trainings, provide
technical support to state govts for promoting innovations,
researches, planning and capacity building.
14. CHAPTER III- DUTIES OF APPROPRIATE GOVERNMENT,
LOCAL AUTHORITY & PARENTS
●Sec. 8- Duties of appropriate Govt
● (a) provide free and compulsory elementary education to every
child
(i) provide free elementary education to every child
of the age of six to fourteen years
(ii) compulsory admission, attendance and
completion of EE by every 6-14 age child.
●(b) ensure availability of a neighbourhood school
●(c) ensure that the child belonging to weaker section and
disadvantaged group are not discriminated
●(d) provide infrastructure including school building, teaching
staff and learning equipment
●(e) provide special training facility for OSC
●(f) ensure and monitor admission, attendance and completion
of elementary education by every child
●(g) ensure good quality EE
●(h) ensure timely prescribing of curriculum and courses of
study for EE
●(i) provide training facility for teachers.
15. Chapter III- Duties of Appropriate
Government, Local Authority & Parents
●Sec.9 - Duties of local authority.
●Along with above duties,the local authority shall
-Maintain records of children up to the age of
14 yrs
-Monitor functioning of the School
- Prepare Academic Calendar
-Preparation of School Development Plan
●Sec. 10 - Duty of parents and guardians.
● It shall be the duty of every parent or guardian to
admit his or her child in the neighbourhood school.
●Sec. 11 - Pre-School Education.
● Government may provide pre-primary education to
all children in the age group of 3-5 years to prepare for
primary education
16. Chapter IV – Responsibilities of Schools &
Teachers
●Sec. 12 - Schools responsibility for mere and
compulsory education.
● A school (2(n)(i)) should provide free & compulsory EE
to all the 6-14 age children admitted
● Aided schools to provide free education to at least 25%
children based upon the proportion of annual recurring
grant & aid
● All unaided &specific category schools to provide free
education to at least 25% children belonging to
disadvantaged groups from the neighbourhood in class-I .
Govt. have to reimburse expenditure
●Sec.13 - No capitation fee and screening procedure
for admission.
●Sec.14 - Proof of age for admission.
●Sec. 15 - No denial of admission for lack of age
proof.
●Sec. 16 - Prohibition of holding back and
17. Chapter IV – Responsibilities of Schools & Teachers
● Sec.18 - No School to be established without obtaining
certificate of Recognition.
● Provided that no such recognition shall be granted to a
school unless it fulfils norms and standards specified under
section 19.
● On the contravention of the conditions of recognition, the
prescribed authority shall, by an order in writing, withdraw
recognition & the children to be admitted in the neighbourhood
school
●No School should run after withdrawal of recognition
●Sec. 19 - Norms and standards for school
● No school shall be established, unless it fulfill the norms and
standards specified in the Schedule (Teachers, Infrastructure, no.
of working days etc.)
●If already established, within a period of 3 yrs, it should take steps
to fulfill norms & Standards
●with effect from the date of withdrawal of recognition, no school
shall continue to function
Sec. 20 - Power to amend schedule
● Central government may have the power to amend the schedule
18. CHAPTER IV – RESPONSIBILITIES OF
SCHOOLS & TEACHERS
●Sec. 21 - School management committee
Formation of SMC with elected
representatives and parents ( Atleast 3/4 of
members of such Committee shall be parents or
guardians)
●(2) The School Management Committee shall
perform the following functions :--
(a) monitor the working of the school;
(b) prepare and recommend school
development plan;
(c) monitor the utilization of the grants
received from the appropriate Government or local
authority or any other source;
(d) perform such other functions as may
be prescribed.
19. CHAPTER IV – RESPONSIBILITIES OF
SCHOOLS & TEACHERS
●Sec. 22 - School Development Plan
● Every School Management Committee
constituted shall prepare a School Development
Plan, in such manner as may be prescribed,shall
be the basis for the plans and grants to be made
by the appropriate Government or local authority .
●Sec. 23 - Qualifications for appointment and
terms and conditions of service of teachers.
●Any person possessing such minimum
qualifications, as laid down by an academic
authority, authorized by the Central Government
by notification, shall be eligible for appointment
as a teacher
20. Chapter IV – Responsibilities of Schools &
Teachers
●Provided that a teacher who, at the commencement
of the Act, does not possess minimum qualifications
as laid down under sub-section (1) shall acquire
such minimum qualifications within a period of five
years.
● The salary and allowance payable to teachers
shall be such as may be prescribed.
●Sec. 24 - Duties of teachers and redressal of
grievances.
●Maintain regularity and punctuality in attending the
school, conduct and complete the curriculum, asses
the learning ability of each child, conduct regular
meetings with parents, giving additional instructions
if required etc.
21. Chapter IV – Responsibilities of Schools & Teachers
●Sec. 25 - Pupil - Teacher Ratio.
●Within six months from the date of
commencement of this Act the appropriate
Government and the local authority shall ensure
that the PTR as specified in the Schedule is
maintained in each school.
●No teacher posted in a school shall be made to
serve in any other school or office or deployed for
any non-educational purpose, other than those
specified in section 27.
●Sec. 26 - Filling up vacancies of teachers.
●Appropriate Government or a local authority, shall
ensure that vacancy of teacher in a school under
its control shall not exceed ten percent of the total
sanctioned strength.
22. CHAPTER IV – RESPONSIBILITIES OF SCHOOLS &
TEACHERS
●Sec. 27 - Prohibition of deployment of teachers for
non-educational purposes
●Prohibits deployment of teachers for non-
education
purpose, except:
●Decennial census
●Disaster relief
●Elections to Parliament, State Legislatures,
Local Bodies
●Sec. 28 - Prohibition of private tuitions by
teachers
● No teacher shall engage himself or herself in
private tuition or private teaching activity.
23. Chapter V – Curriculum and Completion of EE
●Sec. 29 - Curricular and evaluation procedure.
Curriculum by prescribed academic authority
should:
●Conform to constitutional values
●Make child free from fear, trauma and anxiety
●Be child centred, child friendly; provide for
learning through activities
●Medium of instruction – child mother tongue to
the extent possible
●Provide for comprehensive and continuous
evaluation
●Sec. 30 - Examination and completion certificate.
●No Board examinations till completion of EE
●Every child completing his EE shall be
awarded a certificate, in such form and in such
manner, as may be prescribed ( Cumulative
24. Chapter VI- Protection of Rights of Children
●Sec. 31 - Monitoring of child right to education.
●Bill assigns NCPCR/SCPCR additional functions
●Examine and review safeguards for rights under
this Act, recommend measures for effective
implementation
●Inquire into complaints relating to child’s right to
free and compulsory education
●NCPCR/SCPCR have powers assigned under
Section 14 and 24 of the Commissions for
Protection of Child Rights Act
●Where SCPCR not constituted, appropriate govt.
may constitute an Authority
25. CHAPTER VI- PROTECTION OF RIGHTS OF
CHILDREN
●Sec. 32 - Redressal of grievances.
●Any person have any grievance relating to the right of
a child under this Act may make a written complaint to
the local authority having jurisdiction
●Any person aggrieved by the decision of the local
authority may prefer an appeal to the State Commission
for Protection of Child Rights or the authority
prescribed
●Sec. 33 - Constitution of National Advisory Council.
● The Central Government shall constitute, by
notification a National Advisory Council, consisting of
members, not exceeding fifteen,to be appointed from
amongst persons having knowledge and practical
experience in the filed of EE and child development
●To advise the Central Government on implementation
of the provisions of the Act in an effective manner.
●Sec. 34 - Constitution of State Advisory Council.
26. Chapter VII - Miscellaneous
● Sec. 35 - Power to issue directions
● Central govt.--State govt.--Local
Authority--SMC
● Sec. 36 - Previous sanction for
prosecution
● Sec. 37 - Protection of action taken in
good faith
● Sec. 38 - Power of appropriate Govt. to
make rules
● The appropriate Government may, by
notification, make rules, for carrying out the
provisions of this Act.,such as…
27. CHAPTER VII - MISCELLANEOUS
●the manner of giving special training and the time
limit thereof
●the area or limits for establishment of a
Neighbourhood school, under section 6;
●the manner of maintenance of records of children
upto the age of 14 years(9.d)
●the manner and extent of reimbursement of
expenditure, under 12(2)
●any other document for determining the age of child
under sub-section (1) of section 14;
●the extended period for admission and the manner
of completing study if admitted after the extended
period under section 15;
●the form, the period, the manner and the conditions
for issuing certificate or recognition, under sub-
section (2) of section 18;
28. CHAPTER VII - MISCELLANEOUS
●the other functions to be performed by SMC under
clause (d) of sub-section (2) of section 21;
●the manner of preparing School Development Plan
under sub-section (1) of section 22;
●the salary and allowances payable to, and the
terms and conditions of service of, teacher, under
sub-section(3) of section 23;
● the duties to be performed by the teacher under
clause (f) of sub-section (1) of section 24;
●The manner of redressing grievances of teachers
under sub-section (3) of section 24;
●The form and manner of awarding certificate for
completion of EE under sub-section (2) of section
30;
●The allowances and other terms ad conditions of
appointment of Members of the National Advisory
Council/ State Advisory Council
29. THE SCHEDULE
(See sections 19 and 25)
NORMS AND STANDARDS FOR A SCHOOL
S.
No
Item Norms&Standards
1 Number of teachers:
a)For I-V classes
●Admitted children upto 60
●61-90
●91-120
●121-150
●Above 150
●Above 200
●Number of
teachers 2
●Three
●Four
●Five
●Five + one
head teacher
●PTR shall not
exceed
40(Including
Head Teacher)
b)For VI-VIII classes 1)At least one teacher per one class so that
there shall be at least one teacher each for (i)
Science & Mathematics, (ii) Social studies, (iii)
Languages
30. THE SCHEDULE
(See sections 19 and 25)
NORMS AND STANDARDS FOR A SCHOOL
● (2) At least one teacher for every thirty five
children
● (3) Where admission of children is above one
hundred
-(i) a full time head teacher;
-(ii) part time instructors for
A. Art Education
(B) Health and Physical Education
(C) Work Education
2 BuildingAll weather building consisting of (i) at least one
class-room for every teacher and an office-cum-
store cum-head-teachers room; (ii) barrier free
access (iii) separate toilets for boys and girls (iv)
safe and adequate drinking water facility to all
children (v) a kitchen where mid-day meal is cooked
in the school; (vi) Playground (vii) arrangements for
securing the school building by boundary wall or
31. THE SCHEDULE
(See sections 19 and 25)
NORMS AND STANDARDS FOR A SCHOOL
3 Minimum number of
working days /
instructional hours
in an academic year
(i) 200 working days for I-V
classes; (ii) 220 working days for
VI-VIII classes; (iii) 800 instructional
hours per academic year for I-V classes;
(iv) 1000 instructional hours per
academic year for VI-VIII classes.
4 Min. no. of working
hours/week/Teache
r
45 teaching hrs including preparation
hours.
5
6
7
TLE
Library
Play material,
games & sports
equipment
●Shall be provided as required/each class
●Books in all subjects, story books, news
paper magazines
●Shall be provided as required/each class
