For students of BA II sem BHU

1. Yadavs of Devagiri
By
Prachi Virag Sontakke

2. देवगिरी क
े यादव

3. Introduction
• Also known as Seuna
• Initially Rashtrakuta feudatories
• Later became Kalyanai Chalukya
samant
• Kingdom: Near Nasik

5. Sources
• Inscriptions: Sangamner inscription,
Gadag inscription, Mutaige
inscription, Ambe inscription, Patan
inscription
• Temples
• Coins
• Texts: Vratkhanda, Suktamuktavali,
Kirtikaumudi:
• Accounts of foreign travelers
• Muslim writers accounts
Hero stone (Virgal) with Old Kannada inscription dated
1286 CE from the rule of Yadava King Ramachandra in
Kedareshvara temple at Balligavi in Shimoga district,
Karnataka state

7. Amruteshwar temple

8. Aundha Nagnath temple

9. Daulatabad fort

10. Daulatabad fort

11. • The fort is a place of extraordinary strength.
• The lower slopes of the hill was cut away by Yadava rulers to leave 50-meter vertical sides to improve defenses.
• The only means of access to the summit is by a narrow bridge, with the passage for not more than 2 people abreast & a long gallery,
• About midway along this gallery, the access gallery has steep stairs, the top of which is
covered by a grating to form the hearth of a huge fire.
• At the summit, and at intervals on the slope, are specimens of massive old cannon

15. Yadavas of Devagiri, Singhana Deva II (1200-1247). Silver,
0.89g, lion on obverse and legend 'Sri Singha / na Deva'
on revers

16. Yadavas of Devagiri, king Mahadeva (1261-1271), Silver
Dramma coin, Obv: lion to left with fore leg raised; Rev: Nagari
legend Mahadeva followed by a boar running to left

17. Origin
• From Yadu, S/O Yayati
• So called Yadavas
• Yadava inscriptions: Call themselves as Vishnuvamshodbhava
• Bhillam III took the title of Yadavanarayan
• Himadri: Chandravamshi kshatriyas
• Saint Gyaneshwar: Yadav king was Chandravamshi
• Bhandarkar + Vaidya + Altekar: Ancient Maratha family which related itself to
Yadavas of Mathura after gaining prominence.

18. Original homeland
• Some: Yadavas were natives of north India.
• Bhandarkar + Vaidya: Yadavas of Maratha Kshtriyas of Maharashtra
• 1169CE inscription: Founder of Yadavas moved to Chandradityapur in
Dakshinapath from Kathiawar
• Hemadri + Jinprabhsuri: Before reaching Dakshinapath, Yadavas were related to
Mathura and Dwarika
• Yadava inscriptions: calls them Dwaravatipurvaraadhishwar &
karnaatrajvamshaabhiram as well.
• P.B.Desai: Yadavas were originally from Kannada desa = Karnataka

19. Early kings
• Vratkhanda: Founder of Yadava dynasty was Subahu
• Subahu divided his kingdom among his four sons.
• Dridhprahaar received the kingdom of south India
• Yadava inscriptions: Do not mention name of Subahu.
• ववगिितातीर्थकल्प: Dridhaprahar protected people from thieves and robbers
• Hemadri: Calls Dridhaprahar as ruler of Srinagar
• Probably ruled during 860-880CE

20. Seunachandra I (c.880-900CE)
• S/O Dridhprahar
• Powerful
• On his name, this dynasty is also known as Seuna Dynasty
• Sangamner inscription: He christened his dynasty on his kingdom as Seuna Desa
• Seuna Desa = Area between Nasik and Godavari
• Capital : Sinnar
• Some inscriptions mention Seuna as founder of Yadavas
• Altekar: Seunachandra was Rashtrakuta feudatory.

22. Successors of Seunaachandra I (c.900-950CE)
1. िाडियप्प
2. भिल्लम प्रर्म
3. गिराज
4. बड्डिि : Samant of Krishna III Rashtrakuta
5. भिल्लम द्ववतीय : Samant of Kalyani Chalukya Tailap II
6. वेसु या वेसुगि
7. भिल्लम तृतीय: Samant of Kalyani Chalukya Jaisimha I. Married his daughter
8. सेउणचन्द्र द्ववतीय

23. Seunachandra II (1068-1080CE)
• S/O Bhillam III
• Yadava records: Seunachandra II Yadava restored the family's fortunes just like the god
Hari had restored the earth's fortunes with his varaha incarnation.
• Gadag inscription: Yadava geneology beginning with Seunachandra II
• Supported Kalyani Chalukya king Vikramaditya VI in his fight for accession against
Someshwar II
• Samant of Vikramadity VI
• bore the feudatory title Maha-mandaleshvara
• Extent of empire: (Ahmadnagar, Nasik, Khandesha) in Maharashtra.

24. Erammadeva (c.1080-1105CE)
• Samant of Vikramaditya VI
• Aashvi inscription: Established Vikramaditya VI on throne of Kalyani
• Probably did so as a Yuvraj when he assisted his father against
Someshwar II Chalukya.
• Succeeded by Singhan I, Mallugi I, Amar Gangeya, Govindaraj, Mallugi
II.

25. Bhillam V (c.1184)
• Great king of Yadava dynasty.
• Grabbed the Yadava throne, supplanting the descendants of his uncle and an usurper.
• Over the next decade ruled as a nominal vassal of the Chalukyas of Kalyani, raiding the
Gujarat Chaulukya and Paramara territories.
• After the fall of the Chalukya power, he declared sovereignty.
• Carved out a principality in present-day Maharashtra by capturing forts in and around the
Konkan region
• 10 year experience as Yuvaraj
• Started a new samvat
• Titles: महाराजागिराज, परमेश्वर, परमिट्टारक

26. Early conquests
• Hemadri: Billam took Srivardhan from king of Antal
• Srivardhan = Konkan or Nagpur ?
• Defeated Patyandak = In Osmanabad
• Killed king of Aamangalveshtak = Sholapur
• Muttaige inscription: : Billam was headache for Malwa, Thunderbolt for Varaal,
Lion for Kalinga, cloud roar for Gurjar, Chola, Gaud, Panchaal, Death for Anga,
Vanga, Nepal
• Suktamuktavali: Bhillam defeated was defeated by malla, mallugi & Ein kings
• Identification of kings and their dynasty difficult.

27. Bhillam V & Kalyani Chalukyas
• Kalyani Chalukyas were busy fighting their former feudatories -Hoysalas & Kalachuris.
• Someshvara IV faced a southern invasion from the Hoysala ruler Ballala.
• Ballala's attack forced Someshvara to take shelter at Banavasi, with his Kadamba feudatory.
• When Ballala's army was exhausted in this campaign, Bhillana forced Ballala to retreat & conquered
the Chalukya capital Kalyani.
• Annigiri inscription: Bhillam called as कर्ाथटिीबल्लि = कर्ाथटक का राजलक्ष्मी का वप्रय
• Karnat = Under Hoyasalas
• His happened somewhere around 1189CE.
• Hemadri: After this victorious campaign, Bhillama established the Devagiri city, which became the
new Yadava capital.

28. Bhillam V and Hoyasals : Stage I
• Hoysala ruler Ballala attacked Kalyani Chalukya king Someshwar.
• When Ballala's army was exhausted in this campaign, Bhillana forced Ballala to
retreat
• Annigiri inscription: Bhillam called as कर्ाथटिीबल्लि = कर्ाथटक का राजलक्ष्मी का वप्रय
• Karnat = Under Hoyasalas
• His happened somewhere around 1189CE.
• 1191 CE inscription: Records Bhillama's donations to the Trikuteshvara Shiva temple
at Gadag.
• Ballal II quickly recovered and attacked Yadavas.

29. Saraswati temple
at Trikuteshwara temple complex
Gadag, Karnataka

30. Bhillam V
&
Hoyasals
• Hoyasal king = Ballal II
• 1192CE: Ballal II defeated Bhillam V
• Harihar inscription: Ballal destroyed the army of Seuna king aconsisting
of 2 lakh foot solders and 12000 horses.
• Anekere inscription: Ballala manured the region from Soratur to Belvola
with dead bodies of the Seuna soldiers.
• Ballala went on to capture the important Yadava forts.
• Belur inscriotion of 1198CE: Hoyasal king moistened his sword with the
blood of Pandya king, whetted it on the grindstone of Bhillama's head,
and sheathed it in the lotus mouth of Jaitugi“
• 1192CE Gadag inscription of Ballala: Doesn’t state that Ballala killed
Bhillama
• 1192 CE inscription: Records a grant by Ballala to Trikuteshvara Shiva
temple at Gadag, which confirms that Bhillama was defeated by Ballala

31. Other victories
• Defeated Rattas of Belgaumuttas of Dharwad, Kadambas of Hangal, and the Kadambas of Goa.
• These chiefs kept shifting their allegiance between the Hoysalas and the Yadavas.
• Tried to become independent whenever presented with an opportunity.
• Simhan inflicted severe punishments on these chiefs for their insubordination.
• 1206CE Patan inscription: Claims that kings of Mathura and Varanasi had felt the menance of the
Yadava power.
• Ambe inscription: Simhana defeated king Ramapala of Varanasi.
• No such king is known to have ruled Varanasi during Simhana's reign.
• At best, it is possible that Simhana defeated some local chiefs who claimed to be descendants of the
former rulers of Mathura and Varanasi.
• 1206CE Patan inscription: An obscure general of Simhana defeated a Muslim ruler

32. Extent of empire
• Kingdom extended from the Narmada river in the north to the
Malaprabha river in the south.
• Included nearly all of the present-day Maharashtra (except the
Shilahara-ruled Konkan) and northern parts of Karnataka.
• Malprabha and Krishna rivers were the dividing line between
Hoyasals and Yadavas

33. Jaitugi (c.1193-1200CE)
• Manoli inscription: Defeated Gurjars, Laat,Pandyas,Cholas.
• Jiatugi’s commander won Malwa, Kalinga, Panchal, Turushka, Nepal
• A person named Jaitugi was Bhillama's general Jaitrapala
• Probably the inscription refers to victories of Bhillam V & his commander
only.

34. Jaitugi and Kaakatiyas
• Boundaries of both clashing
• Kaakatiya king = Mahadeva
• Jaitugi attacked and killed Mahadeva
• Son of Mahadeva, Ganpati, was imprisoned
• Yadava control established over Kaakatiya
kingdom
• Later, Ganapati was returned back his kingdom
• Ganapati ruling in Warangal

35. Simghan II (c.1210-1246CE)
• Prestige of Yadavas increased during his reign
• A. S. Altekar: Exposure to kingship duties as his stint as Yuvaraj
• Expanded his kingdom southwards at the expense of the Hoysalas,
• Fought Chaulukyas and the Vaghelas for the control of the Lata
• Defeated the Paramaras of Malwa, the Shilaharas of Kolhapur and the
Rattas of Belgaum
• Titles: रायर्ारायण, प्रौढ़प्रतापचक्रवती

36. Simghan II & Kaakatiyas
• Munoli inscription: Simhan beheaded Kaakatiya king Mahadeva.
• Reference to his participation in his father's campaign against the Kakatiyas.
• Ganapati , Son of Mahadeva was returned back his kingdom
• Ganapati maintained cordial relations with Simhana.
• During the first half of his reign, Ganapati only assumed the titles of a
feudatory chief.
• 1228CE inscription of Ganapati: claims that he defeated Laat king.
• He accompanied Simhana’s army during his expedition in Laat
• During the second half of his reign, Ganapati seems to have assumed an
independent status.
• Attacked Yadavas in 1230-31CE
• Simhan II was defeated
• Treaty was signed
• Simhan had to give lot of wealth and money to Ganapati

37. Simghan II & Hoyasals
• Simhana's grandfather Bhillama V had suffered a humiliating
defeat against the Hoysala king Ballala II
• 1212CE: Simghan II marched towards Hoyasal capital
Dwarasuram & defeated Hoyasals
• Took northern areas of Hoyasal kingdom.
• Gadag inscription of 1217CE: “होयसल रूपी कमल क
े बिीचे को
र्ष्ट करर्ेवाला हार्ी”
• Took the title शनर्वारभसद्गि after defeating Hoyasals.
• Simhan II attacked Sinda who was a Hoyasal samant.
• Sina now became a Yadava feudatory

38. Simghan II & Shilahara
• Shilahara king = Feudatory of Kalyani Chalukyas
• 1216CE: Attacked & defeated Shilaharas of Kolhapur
• Shilahara king fled
• A Yadava inscription: “िोज रूपी सपथ क
े भलए िरुड़”
• Purushottampuri copper plate of 1232CE: Simghan II kept
Shilahara king captive in Panhala fort.
• Epigraphic evidence Shilahara kingdom, including the
capital Kolhapur, was annexed to the Yadava kingdom
• 1218CE Kolhapur inscription: Construction of a gate before
the Ambabai temple by Simhana's officer Tailana

39. Simhan II & Parmaras
• Contemporary Parmar king = Arjunvarman
• Paramara king Arjunavarman married the Hoysala princess.
• Simhana II attacked Laat king Sinduraj who was a feudatory of Parmara king
• 1228CE: Sinduraj + Arjunvarman : defeated.
• Hammira-mada-mardana + Kirtikaumudi + Vratkhanda: Parmar king & Sindhuraj were killed in this battle
• 1228CE Ambe inscription: Simhan II established his victory pillar in Brigukuchchha.
• After some time, Simhan II re-attacked Laat
• Laat king = Shankha or Sangramsingh
• Imprisoned Laat king: Made him a Yadav feudatory

40. Simhan II & Gujrat: Stage I
• Long struggle of about 20 years.
• Helped by his Laata samanta in battles
• Someshwar: 2 attacks on Gujrat
• First attack: Gujrat king = Lavanprasad of Vaghela family = Feudatory of Gujrat
Chaulukyas
• A.K.Majumdar: Simhan had to return back because Kaakaityas had attacked
Yadav kingdom in his absence.
• Kirtikaumudi: Lavanprasad forced Yadava armies to retreat

41. Simhan II & Gujrat: Stage II
• Gujrat king = Veeradhawal
• Simhan + Parmar king Devapal + Laat king Shankh Vs. Gujrat king Veerdhawal
• Diffused the situation by diplomacy = convinced Simhan that Shankha & Devapala were
conspiring against him.
• 4 kings in Veeradhawal kingdom revolted at this time + Muslim army advancing towards
Gujrat
• Veeradhawan left for his kingdom.
• Kirtikaumudi: Simhan did not attack Gujrat after Veeradhawal’s retreat.
• Simhan entered into a treaty with Lavanprasad.
• A. S. Altekar: Simhan must have received considerable wealth for agreeing to this peace
treaty
• Yadava’s conflict with Gujarat ultimately weakened both the kingdoms, and paved way for
the Muslim conquest of these kingdoms

42. Extent of empire
• Konkan, Laat,
Maharashtra, Karnataka,
Andhra in his kingdom
• North: Narmada
• South: Tungabhardra
• East: Kurnool
• West: Arabian Sea

43. Others
• Patron of scholars
• Patronized noted astronomers: Anantadeva and Changadeva
• Anantadeva wrote commentaries on Brahmagupta's Brahma-sphuta-siddhanta and
Varahamihira's Brihat-jataka.
• Changadeva with support of Simhan established an astrology school in Khandesha in memory of
his grandfather Bhaskaracharya (Siddhānta-Śiromani -four parts: Līlāvatī, Bījagaṇita, Grahagaṇita
and Golādhyāya which are also sometimes considered four independent works dealing with
arithmetic, algebra, mathematics of the planets, and spheres)
• Sharangdeva wrote Sangeeta-ratnakar in his reign
• Renovated Somnatha temple.

46. Krishna (c.1247- 1260CE)
• Krishna =Grandson of the Yadava king Simhana
• Succeeded Simhana presumably because his father Jaitugi II died before Simhana.
• Maintained the territory he inherited from his grandfather.
• Yadava inscriptions credit him with several conquests. .
• Second capital at Kandharpur
• Himself a scholar: Wrote Suktamuktavali
• Patron of scholars
• Follower of Vedic religion: Performed Vedic Yajnas
• Well versed in elephantry

47. Krishna & Parmaras
• Attacked Parmaras soon after he became king
• Contemporary Parmara king = Jayatugideva
• A Yadav inscription: Krishna was “मालवरूपी कामदेव क
े भलए सपथ”

48. Krishna & Baghelas of Gujrat
• Contemporary Baghela king of Gujrat = Visaldeva
• Paithan copper plates: Krishna defeated Visaldeva
• Baghela inscriptions: Visaldeva was victorious.
• No clearcut-conclusive victory for any party ?

49. Krishna & Kalchuris
• Decline of Kalchuris = Political
instability in Dahal
• Krishna took Kalchuri territories under
Yadava hegemony
• Manauli inscription: Krishna was “त्रिपूर
की सेर्ाओं क
े भलए त्रिर्ेि”
• Also defeated king of south Kosal
• Kalchuri territory
Kalchuri territory
Kalchuri territory

50. Krishna and Kadambas
• Contemporary Kadamb king =
Shashthadeva III
• Krishna’s commander in chief
defeated Kadamba king
• Krishna appointed his own
governor in Banvasi.

51. Krishna and Pandyas
• Contemporary Pandya king = Jatavarmanasunder Pandya
• 1252CE: JVSP attacked Kaakatiyas (Yadava feudatory).
• 1253CE Yadav inscription: Krishna’s army commander defeated
Pandyas.
• Altekar: Yadav army was sent in support of Kaakatiya king.
• D.C.Ganguli: Krishna also defeated Pandyas of Nolamvadi.

52. Others
• Shilaharas of north Konkan.
• V.V.Mirashi: Defeated Aabhirs
• Manauli inscription: Defeated Cholas ?
• Defeated Hoyasals : Got hold of Chittaldurga fort

56. Succession after Krishna
• Krishna’s son Ramachandra was probably not born or was not
old enough to hold the title of yuvaraja.
• Krishna's brother Mahadeva, was designated the heir apparent
and succeeded him on throne.

57. Mahadeva (c.1260-1271CE)
• Brother of Krishna
• Served as Yuvaraj during reing of Krishna
• Period of imperialistic and cultural accomplishments
• Kept the boundaries of Yadava empire safe
• Himadri was his chief minister

58. Mahadeva and Shilaharas
• Shilahara dynasty ruling in north Konkan
• North Konakan = Important for economic
reasons
• Included: Thane, Alibag, Ratnagiri,
southern Surat
• Contemporary Shilahara king =
Someshwar
• Defeated Someshwar twice.
• Appointed his governor in north Konkan

59. Mahadeva & Kaakaityas
• Contemporary Queen = Rudrambaa
• Rudrambaa facimg internal revolts
• Ideal time for Mahadeva to attack
• Yadav inscriptions: Mahadeva defeated Rudramba
& took amny elephants & musical instruments.
• Pratapacharita: Rudramba forced Mahadeva’s army
to flee and chased it till Devagiri where she
established her victory pillar.
• Mahadeva had to enter into a treaty to pay 1 crore
gold coins to her.
• Unacceptable account

60. Mahadeva and Hoyasals
• Contemporary Hoyasal king = Narsimha
• Himadri + Yadava inscription: Mahadeva
called as “होयसलरायकोलाहल”
• Hoyasal inscription: Narsimha defeated
Mahadeva
• Inconclusive?
• Two rounds?

61. Other conquests
• Paithan copper plates: Defeated Visaldeva, the Baghela king of Gujrat
• Himadri: Victory over Malwa
• A Yadava inscription: Gaud feared Mahadeva, Utkal ran away in fear.
• 1268CE: Mahadeva’s army commander subdued revolt of Kadambas

62. Ammandeva (c.1271-1271/72CE)
• S/O Mahadeva
• Amman was an indulgent king: loved Dance & Music.
• Krishna's son Ramachandra contested Amman’s claim to Yadav throne.
• The general public and important officers of the Yadava kingdom probably saw
Ramachandra as the rightful heir
• Evident from the fact that courtiers Hemadri and Tikkama, who had been loyal to
Mahadeva, deserted Ammana and started supporting Ramachandra.
• Remained on throne for a few months, before being overthrown by his cousin
Ramachandra.

63. Coup against Ammana
• Ramachandra overthrew him sometime in the second half of 1271 CE.
• An inscription of Ramachandra: Ramchandra and his followers entered the
Devagiri fort, disguising themselves as actors, and arranged a performance before
Ammana.
• During the performance, they suddenly unmasked themselves, and seized
Ammana and his supporters
• Bhanuvilasa: Ramachandra blinded & imprisoned Ammana.
• Ammana may have died a natural death in prison.

64. Ramchandra (c.1271-1312CE)
• Seized the throne from his cousin Ammana, after staging a coup
• Expanded his kingdom by following imperialistic policy with Paramaras,
Vaghelas, Hoysalas, and Kakatiyas.
• Overlooked/underestimated Muslim threat
• Faced a Muslim invasion from the Delhi Sultanate

65. Ramchandra and Paramaras
• 1270s: Paramara power had weakened considerably
• Parmara kingdom divided between the king Arjunavarman II and his
minister.
• Taking advantage of this situation, Ramachandra invaded the
Paramara kingdom, and easily defeated the Paramara army.
• Paithan inscription: Conquest of Malwa ‘मालवा क
े द्वीपों को बुझार्े वाल
तूफार्”

66. Ramchandra and Vaghelas
• Involved in skirmishes against his north-western neighbours, the Vaghelas of
Gurjara.
• Inscriptions of both the dynasties claim victories
• Thane copper-plate inscription of Ramachandra: Yadavas won the war.
‘िुजथरों क
े हागर्यों को र्ष्ट करर्ेवाला भसंह’
• Cintra copper-plate inscription of Baghelas: Baghelas emerged victorious against
Yadavas.
• Conflict result inconclusive

67. Ramchandra and Hoysals
• Contemporary Hoysala king = Narasimha III
• 1275CE: Yadava force led by Tikkama invaded the Hoysala territory defeated Hoyasal force
• Tikkama besieged the Hoysala capital Dvarasamudra.
• 1276CE: Hoysals led a decisive attack against the Yadavas, and forced Tikkama to retreat
• Although he was unable to conquer the Hoysal capital, Tikkama managed to gather a large
plunder from this invasion including a large number of elephants and horses.
• There were some minor conflicts between the two kingdoms over the next few years
• But it didn’t escalate to any major conflict.
• Hoysal king Narasimha remained occupied in a family feud against his brother Ramanatha.
• Ramachandra was busy in campaigns against other rivals

68. Ramchandra and Kakatiyas
• Diplomatic strategy
• Instead of launching a direct attack against the Kakatiyas, Ramachandra appears
to have supported the chiefs who were unhappy with the Kakatiya queen
Rudrama.
• The Kakatiya queen retaliated to these political maneuvers.
• Rudrambaa conquered some Yadava territories
• Kaakatiya general built new fortifications at Raichur in the former Yadava
territory in 1294CE

69. Ramchandra and North-eastern campaign
• Purushottamapuri inscription of Ramachandra: North-eastern campaign of
Ramchandra
• Ramchandra subjugated the rulers of Vajrakara (probably modern Vairagad)
and Bhandagara (modern Bhandara), Dahal (Kalchuri)
• Marched to Kashi which was captured by the Delhi Sultanate from the
Gahadavalas in the preceding decades.
• Built a Vishnu temple in Kashi.
• A. S. Altekar: This suggests that Ramachandra occupied Varanasi for at least
2–3 years.
• This may have happened during 1286–1290, when the Delhi Sultanate had
been weakened following the death of Ghiyas ud din Balban and before the
accession of Jalaluddin Khalji.
• After Kashi, Ramachandra marched to Kanyakubja and Kailasha mountain.
• historical evidence of these conquests ?

70. Alauddin Khalji's raid on Devagiri
• Alauddin's raid was the first successful Muslim invasion of Deccan.
• Ramchandra’s inscriptions: Calls him a "Great Boar (Varaha) in securing the earth
from the oppression of the Turks“
• May have "chastised some Muslim officials"
• 1296CE: Alauddin Khalji raided Devagiri.
• At the time of Alauddin's invasion, a major part of the Yadava army was away from
the capital, under the crown prince Simhana.
• Ramachandra was not adequately prepared for a defense.
• Fortification wall of Devagiri fort incomplete + not proper food storage inside the fort
• Agreed to a peace treaty, promising Alauddin a large tribute.
• However, before the treaty could be realized, Simhana returned to the capital with
the Yadava army.
• Alauddin defeated him, and imposed a much heavier tribute on Ramachandra.

71. Aftermaths of Khilji attack
• Yadavas lost their prestige as a result of Alauddin's invasion.
• Taking advantage of the weakened Yadava power, the Kakatiya ruler
Prataparudra annexed the eastern part of Ramachandra's kingdom.
• Hoysal ruler Ballala III recaptured the territories that the Hoysalas had
lost to the Yadavas in the preceding years, including the town of
Banavasi.

72. Second Attack by Malik Kafur
• Alauddin Khalji usurped the throne of Delhi in 1296.
• Ramachandra stopped sending tributes to Alauddin after 1303–1304.
• Isami: Ramachandra secretly informed Alauddin that he did not want to rebel against the
Sultanate, and that the rebel Yadava faction was being controlled by his son.
• 1308CE: Alauddin Khalji sent a force led by his general Malik Kafur to subjugate
Ramachandra.
• Malik Kafur's army conclusively defeated the Yadava army led by the crown-prince, and
took Ramachandra to Delhi.
• Alauddin treated Ramachandra with courtesy and reinstated him as a vassal in Devagiri.
• Alauddin bestowed upon him the title Raja-i-Rajan & also gave him Navsari as a jagir.
• Isami + Wassaf: Ramachandra also gave his daughter in marriage to Alauddin.
• Ramachandra remained loyal to Alauddin until his death
• Helped Malik Kafur defeat the Kakatiyas (1309) and the Hoysalas (1311).

73. Ramchandra’s loyalty to Delhi Sultanate
• Ramachandra remained loyal to Alauddin Khilji until his death.
• Amir Khusrau: Alauddin ordered his army not to harm Ramachandra and his family during the
invasion.
• Helped Malik Kafur defeat the Kakatiyas (1309) and the Hoysalas (1311).
• When the Sultanate forces halted at Devagiri during their invasion of the Kakatiya capital
Warangal, Ramachandra put his kingdom's facilities at their disposal.
• During the Sultanate's invasion of the Hoysala capital Dvarasamudra, Ramachandra supported
them with supplies during their halt at Devagiri.
• Also ordered his general Purushottama to guide the Sultanate forces to the Hoysala frontiers

74. Shankardeva (c.1311-1313CE)
• S/O Ramachandra
• Against Alauddin Khilji: Open revolt
• 1313CE: Malik Kafur led another expedition to Devagiri, against
Ramachandra's successor Shankaradeva.
• Defeated and killed him for rebelling against Alauddin Khalji
• Annexed Devagiri to the Delhi Sultanate.

75. Harpaldeva (c.1313-1318CE)
• 1315CE: Malik Kafur left for Delhi from Devgiri
• Handed over the adminstration of Devagiri to his trusted official
• Later his trusted official too left for Delhi
• Harpaldeva rebelled and declared his independence
• Ruled as independent king for 2 years.
• 1318CE: Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah Aibek attacked Devagiri & killed Harpala
• With Harpala’s death, Yadav dynasty came to an end.