Biosensors: brief description about principles, working principle and illustration. Description about biosensors helping in environmental challenges in 21st century. Types of biosensors are also discussed. Hope this presentation helps!!

1. BIOSENSORS
HARNESSING THE SCIENCE IN NATURE
TO INNOVATE AND SOLVE
ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES..
PRACHI SINGH
ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

2. DEFINATION
Biosensors are defined by IUPAC as integrated
receptor–transducer devices, which are able to provide
selective quantitative or semi-quantitative analytical
information using a biological recognition element

3. The block diagram of the biosensor includes three segments namely, sensor, transducer, and associated
electrons. In the first segment, the sensor is a responsive biological part, the second segment is the detector
part that changes the resulting signal from the contact of the analyte and for the results it displays in an
accessible way. The final section comprises of an amplifier which is known as signal conditioning circuit, a
display unit as well as the processor.

5. WORKING PRINCIPLE:
Usually, a specific enzyme or preferred biological material is deactivated by some of the
usual methods, and the deactivated biological material is in near contact to the transducer.
The analyte connects to the biological object to shape a clear analyte which in turn gives
the electronic reaction that can be calculated. In some examples, the analyte is changed
to a device which may be connected to the discharge of gas, heat, electron ions or
hydrogen ions. In this,THE TRANSDUCER can alter the device linked converts into
electrical signals which can be changed and calculated.

7. Electrochemical biosensors
Generally, the electrochemical biosensor is based on the reaction of enzymatic
catalysis that consumes or generates electrons. Such types of enzymes are
named as Redox Enzymes.

11. Although the potential environmental market is large, there are a number of
technical and commercial obstacles which must be addressed before
biosensors or other field analytical technologies have a significant impact
on environmental monitoring. Some of these obstacles include the large
number of potential pollutants and broad range of their chemical classes;
the broad range and complexity of environmental matrices; the variety of
possible co-contaminants; the wide dynamic range of pollutant
concentrations; lack of well-established data quality expectations by
potential users; lack of sufficient markets for specific applications; and
regulatory acceptance requirements.
LIMITATIONS

12. CONCLUSION
Biosensors, because of their versatility, may
find a number of specific niche applications
among the variety of other methods and
technologies currently competing for this
expanding market. In fact, a variety of
enzyme, antibody, and microbial-based
biosensors using optical, electrochemical,
and acoustic-signal transducers have been
reported to measure a significant number of
environmental pollutants from a variety of
compound classes.

13. THANK YOU!!!