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Creating
Brand Equity
Marketing Management, 13th
ed
9
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9-2
Chapter Questions
• What is a brand and how does
branding work?
• What is brand equity?
• How is brand equity built, measured,
and managed?
• What are the important decisions in
developing a branding strategy?
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9-3
Steps in
Strategic Brand Management
• Identifying and establishing brand
positioning
• Planning and implementing brand
marketing
• Measuring and interpreting brand
performance
• Growing and sustaining brand value
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9-4
What is a Brand?
A brand is a name, term, sign, symbol
or design, or a combination of them,
intended to identify the goods or
services of one seller or group of
sellers and to differentiate them from
those of competitors.
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9-5
The Role of Brands
• Identify the maker
• Simplify product handling
• Organize accounting
• Offer legal protection
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9-6
The Role of Brands
• Signify quality
• Create barriers to entry
• Serve as a competitive advantage
• Secure price premium
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9-7
What is Branding?
Branding is endowing
products and services with the
power of the brand.
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9-8
What is Brand Equity?
Brand equity is the added value
endowed on products and services,
which may be reflected in the way
consumers, think, feel, and act with
respect to the brand.
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9-9
Advantages of Strong Brands
• Improved
perceptions of
product
performance
• Greater loyalty
• Less vulnerability
to competitive
marketing actions
• Less vulnerability
to crises
• Larger margins
• More inelastic
consumer response
• Greater trade
cooperation
• Increased marketing
communications
effectiveness
• Possible licensing
opportunities
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9-10
What is a Brand Promise?
A brand promise is the marketer’s
vision of what the brand must be and
do for consumers.
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9-11
Brand Equity Models
• Brand Asset Valuator
• Aaker Model
• BRANDZ
• Brand Resonance
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9-12
BAV Key Components
• Differentiation
• Energy
• Relevance
• Esteem
• Knowledge
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9-13
Aaker Model
• Brand identity
• Core identity elements
• Extended identity elements
• Brand essence
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9-14
Drivers of Brand Equity
• Brand elements
• Marketing activities
• Meaning transference
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9-15
Brand Elements
• Brand names
• Slogans
• Characters
• Symbols
• Logos
• URLs
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9-16
Brand Element Choice Criteria
• Memorable
• Meaningful
• Likeability
• Transferable
• Adaptable
• Protectible
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9-17
Slogans
• Like a good
neighbor, State
Farm is there
• Just do it
• Nothing runs like a
Deere
• Save 15% or more
in 15 minutes or
less
• We try harder
• We’ll pick you up
• Nextel – Done
• Zoom Zoom
• I’m lovin’ it
• Innovation at work
• This Bud’s for you
• Always low prices
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9-18
Designing Holistic Marketing Activities
• Personalization
• Integration
• Internalization
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9-19
Internal Branding
• Choose the right moment
• Link internal and external marketing
• Bring the brand alive for employees
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9-20
Measuring Brand Equity
• Brand audits
• Brand tracking
• Brand valuation
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9-21
Table 9.2 The 10 Most Valuable Brands
$22.13Mercedes-Benz
$27.50McDonald’s
$27.85Disney
$27.94Toyota
$30.13Nokia
$38.32Intel
$48.91GE
$56.20IBM
$56.93Microsoft
$67.00Coca-Cola
2006 Brand Value (Billions)Brand
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9-22
Managing Brand Equity
• Brand reinforcement
• Brand revitalization
• Brand crises
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9-23
Interbrand’s Steps in Calculating
Brand Equity
• Market segmentation
• Financial analysis
• Role of branding
• Brand strength
• Brand value calculation
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9-24
Devising a Branding Strategy
• Develop new brand elements
• Apply existing brand elements
• Use a combination of old and new
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9-25
Branding Terms
• Brand line
• Brand mix
• Brand extension
• Sub-brand
• Parent brand
• Family brand
• Line extension
• Category extension
• Branded variants
• Licensed product
• Brand dilution
• Brand portfolio
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9-26
Brand Naming
• Individual names
• Blanket family names
• Separate family names
• Corporate name/individual name combo
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9-27
Reasons for Brand Portfolios
• Increasing shelf presence and retailer
dependence in the store
• Attracting consumers seeking variety
• Increasing internal competition within
the firm
• Yielding economies of scale in
advertising, sales, merchandising, and
distribution
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9-28
Brand Roles in a Brand Portfolio
• Flankers
• Cash cows
• Low-end, entry-level
• High-end prestige
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9-29

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Creating Brand Equity in Marketing

  • 2. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9-2 Chapter Questions • What is a brand and how does branding work? • What is brand equity? • How is brand equity built, measured, and managed? • What are the important decisions in developing a branding strategy?
  • 3. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9-3 Steps in Strategic Brand Management • Identifying and establishing brand positioning • Planning and implementing brand marketing • Measuring and interpreting brand performance • Growing and sustaining brand value
  • 4. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9-4 What is a Brand? A brand is a name, term, sign, symbol or design, or a combination of them, intended to identify the goods or services of one seller or group of sellers and to differentiate them from those of competitors.
  • 5. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9-5 The Role of Brands • Identify the maker • Simplify product handling • Organize accounting • Offer legal protection
  • 6. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9-6 The Role of Brands • Signify quality • Create barriers to entry • Serve as a competitive advantage • Secure price premium
  • 7. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9-7 What is Branding? Branding is endowing products and services with the power of the brand.
  • 8. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9-8 What is Brand Equity? Brand equity is the added value endowed on products and services, which may be reflected in the way consumers, think, feel, and act with respect to the brand.
  • 9. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9-9 Advantages of Strong Brands • Improved perceptions of product performance • Greater loyalty • Less vulnerability to competitive marketing actions • Less vulnerability to crises • Larger margins • More inelastic consumer response • Greater trade cooperation • Increased marketing communications effectiveness • Possible licensing opportunities
  • 10. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9-10 What is a Brand Promise? A brand promise is the marketer’s vision of what the brand must be and do for consumers.
  • 11. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9-11 Brand Equity Models • Brand Asset Valuator • Aaker Model • BRANDZ • Brand Resonance
  • 12. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9-12 BAV Key Components • Differentiation • Energy • Relevance • Esteem • Knowledge
  • 13. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9-13 Aaker Model • Brand identity • Core identity elements • Extended identity elements • Brand essence
  • 14. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9-14 Drivers of Brand Equity • Brand elements • Marketing activities • Meaning transference
  • 15. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9-15 Brand Elements • Brand names • Slogans • Characters • Symbols • Logos • URLs
  • 16. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9-16 Brand Element Choice Criteria • Memorable • Meaningful • Likeability • Transferable • Adaptable • Protectible
  • 17. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9-17 Slogans • Like a good neighbor, State Farm is there • Just do it • Nothing runs like a Deere • Save 15% or more in 15 minutes or less • We try harder • We’ll pick you up • Nextel – Done • Zoom Zoom • I’m lovin’ it • Innovation at work • This Bud’s for you • Always low prices
  • 18. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9-18 Designing Holistic Marketing Activities • Personalization • Integration • Internalization
  • 19. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9-19 Internal Branding • Choose the right moment • Link internal and external marketing • Bring the brand alive for employees
  • 20. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9-20 Measuring Brand Equity • Brand audits • Brand tracking • Brand valuation
  • 21. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9-21 Table 9.2 The 10 Most Valuable Brands $22.13Mercedes-Benz $27.50McDonald’s $27.85Disney $27.94Toyota $30.13Nokia $38.32Intel $48.91GE $56.20IBM $56.93Microsoft $67.00Coca-Cola 2006 Brand Value (Billions)Brand
  • 22. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9-22 Managing Brand Equity • Brand reinforcement • Brand revitalization • Brand crises
  • 23. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9-23 Interbrand’s Steps in Calculating Brand Equity • Market segmentation • Financial analysis • Role of branding • Brand strength • Brand value calculation
  • 24. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9-24 Devising a Branding Strategy • Develop new brand elements • Apply existing brand elements • Use a combination of old and new
  • 25. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9-25 Branding Terms • Brand line • Brand mix • Brand extension • Sub-brand • Parent brand • Family brand • Line extension • Category extension • Branded variants • Licensed product • Brand dilution • Brand portfolio
  • 26. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9-26 Brand Naming • Individual names • Blanket family names • Separate family names • Corporate name/individual name combo
  • 27. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9-27 Reasons for Brand Portfolios • Increasing shelf presence and retailer dependence in the store • Attracting consumers seeking variety • Increasing internal competition within the firm • Yielding economies of scale in advertising, sales, merchandising, and distribution
  • 28. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9-28 Brand Roles in a Brand Portfolio • Flankers • Cash cows • Low-end, entry-level • High-end prestige
  • 29. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9-29