2. The Apartheid Of South Africa
Apartheid in South Africa
Every country has a story to how it made a name for itself regardless if it was good or bad. Today the beautiful South Africa is known as the
rainbow nation, for it's diversity in culture. However, that name was earned after many blood rivers and broken homes.These "blood rivers and
broken homes" I speak of occurred during an era called Apartheid. The name "Apartheid" is an afrikaans name which means segregation. It took fifty
years for South Africa to redeem itself from being known, for violence and destruction. Liberation and freedom was in high demand but it wasn't up
for trade. The National Party Government of South Africa was a white government who loved the gift they had seen in South Africa however, who
likes sharing gifts? The National Party Government was made up of the European, Dutch and British colonies. They believed that South Africa was
a gift given to them by God and they had to protect it from other races. So the legislation decided that they were going to separate everyone into four
racial groups. White, black , Coloured (mixed) and Indian. The department of home affairs was responsible for what race you belonged to and where
you lived. This is where black people collected their passbooks which they would need to carry everywhere they went. The department of home affairs
is like an american immigration services, this is where you would try to get citizenship or residency from.
When you receive your ethnicity you were not
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3. Paragraph About Apartheid
Do you ever think about what happened years ago in South Africa? Do you ever imagine that people were treated unfairly? This really happened, that
hard time in South Africa is called Apartheid. Apartheid is an official policy of a racial segregation. It strictly separated people by color. This system
started in 1948 by the National Party Government in South Africa. However, they considered that it ended in 1994 because it was when Nelson
Mandela became that first black president. Apartheid was built on earlier laws but made segregation more rigid. All Government action and the
response were decided according to the policy of apartheid. Labour was in evidence during this period. Under Apartheid, Africans who were nonâwhite
would be forced to...show more content...
When Apartheid started, all of the injustices lead to several resistance movements. One of the organizations was calledAfrican National Congress, also
know as the ANC. The ANC was founded in 1913 when the non whites started to treat unfairly by whites. In 1943, Mandela entered the ANC, and later
he coâfounded the ANCYL, they protested against Apartheid. The ANCYL later gained control of the ANC and one year later Mandela became the
president of the ANCYL. By 1952 they organized a protest with the South Indian National Congress in which they would burn their "passbooks".
Mandela then leads the various protest, however, he was then accused of treason and had to go "underground" to avoid arrest. In 1961 officers found
Mandela, and arrested him. Mandela being arrested was a symbol for various people to continue fighting. Mandela created a great impact on people,
by 1976 people all over the world started to join antiâapartheid groups and supported the idea to end Apartheid. Mandela was later released from jail.
Later in 1994 the elections were held and Nelson Mandela won, he was the first black South African president. His great win represented the end of
Apartheid and a moment of great triumph to black South
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4. Apartheid in South Africa Essay
Apartheid, the Afrikaans word for "apartness" was the system used in South Africa from the years 1948 to 1994. During these years the nearly 31.5
million blacks in South Africa were treated cruelly and without respect. They were given no representation in parliament even though they made up
most of the country. It was not until 1994 when a black man named Nelson Mandela came to power in the South Africa congress. Once elected
Mandela removed all racist laws against blacks and all other minorities. Nelson Mandela is one of the great leaders of our time.
A hero whose lifelong struggle to the fight against Apartheid in South Africa won him the Nobel Peace Prize and the presidency of his country. Since
his release from prison in 1990,...show more content...
However, his successful evasion of the police earned him the title of the Black Pimpernel.
At this time, he and other leaders of the ANC created a new section of the liberation movement, Umkhonto we Sizwe, with a view to preparing for
armed struggle, Mandela said, "I and some colleagues came to the conclusion that as violence in this country was inevitable; it would be wrong
and unrealistic for African leaders to continue preaching peace and nonâviolence at a time when the government met our peaceful demands with
force." He was elected President of the ANC in 1991, and on May 10th 1994, he was inaugurated as President of South Africa. I definitely
have to say that Nelson Mandella had a totally positive influence on everyone in South Africa, not just the black majority but everyone. The reason is
because things were really bad under the all white leadership and many white people did not agree with the apartheid system. It is difficult to pick just
one or two significant event in apartheid history, so I would like to just briefly mention some laws that were made.
The White South Africa government came up with many unfair laws to keep the black people of the country segregated, these are just a few of the
most unfair ones. â Mines & Works Act 1911 & 1926âImposed color ban on certain jobs, a white salary was to be higher than a black at all
times. âNatives (Urban Areas) Act 1923
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5. Apartheid and Afrikaner Nationalism Essay
History is subjective because it is a subject that is based on a person's knowledge and opinions. While some events have obvious causes, other events
must be analyzed to find their true impetus. One complicated era from history that has a debatable cause is Apartheid. While some historians cite
complex causes for Apartheid, most people in the general public simply believe racism was the root of the institution. While racism did factor into
later practices of Apartheid, racism was merely a byproduct of the social and cultural effects of the institution. When evidence is examined, the real
cause of Apartheid becomes obvious. This era of South African history was not simply based on social practices such as racism; Apartheid was rooted
...show more content...
The Afrikaners formed a separate linguistic and cultural identity that included a set of religious beliefs that shaped their worldview. These
developments not only separated Afrikaners from native Africans ethnically, but also provided a template from which nationalist beliefs were based.
This connection between the cultural identity of Afrikaners and their nationalist ideology is found in the events that occurred shortly after Great
Britain annexed South Africa. Afrikaners believed that the British would undermine the culture that had developed among Afrikaners by supporting the
mixing of Afrikaner and native cultures. In response to this threat to their ethnic identity, Afrikaners created numerous political parties that advocated
both a separate culture and country for Afrikaners. Drawing upon the reformed theology of Afrikaners, political organizations such as the Afrikaner
Broederbond claimed that, "...God intended for each nation to develop separately...moreover, God had specifically created the Afrikaner nation as His
chosen people to fulfill a divine destiny in southern Africa" (Beck, 2000, p. 111). Using a religious belief from the Afrikaner culture, political parties
were able build a nationalism that promoted the segregationist agenda that would later be used for justifying Apartheid. So, Apartheid was not racist
institution, it was merely a product of the nationalist belief that the Afrikaner people had the right to develop as a
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6. South African Apartheid Essay
Have you ever wondered how it would feel to be considered inferior because of your race? The people of South Africa had to endure racial inferiority
during the era of apartheid. The apartheid laws the government of South Africa made led to an unequal lifestyle for the blacks and produced opposition.
South Africa really began to suffer when apartheid was written into the law. Apartheid was first introduced in the 1948 election that the Afrikaner
National Party won. The plan was to take the already existing segregation and expand it (Wright, 60). Apartheid was a system that segregated South
Africa's population racially and considered nonâwhites inferior ("History of South Africa in the apartheid era"). Apartheid was designed to make it
...show more content...
The Mixed Marriages Act made marriage between the races against the law (Evans, 9). In 1952 a system of "pass laws" required blacks to carry
identity papers or pass books so the government could identify and restrict them (Wright, 68). The "pass laws" were designed to separate the
population and was the base of the apartheid system ("History of South Africa in the apartheid era"). Apartheid had a major effect on the development
of South Africa.
The government of South Africa played a huge role in apartheid. During apartheid the government of South Africa worked to take away the citizenship
of the Blacks with the laws ("History of South Africa in the apartheid era"). "Social rights, political rights, educational opportunities, and economic
status were all determined by the group a person belonged to" (History of South Africa in the apartheid era). Black people were denied by the
government the option of appealing courts against forced removals ("History of South Africa in the apartheid era"). Since the government had
established laws prohibiting social contact between the races separate schools and public places were set up for the different races ("History of South
Africa in the apartheid era"). The government even tried to segregate churches in 1957 but failed (Pascoe, 80) The law system was very
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7. Apartheid and Post-Apartheid South Africa
Seventeen years have passed and the Apartheid era has ended, but the legacy it has left behind has caused South Africa's rehabilitation and
selfâdetermination to be an obstructed undertaking. Unaddressed security problems of belligerent crimes and HIV/AIDS are a direct cause of the
failure to manage the aforementioned legacy (Vercillo n.p.). Back in 1947, the growing desegregation which was caused by the liberation of India and
Pakistan, helped spread the evidential racial equality. The Afrikaaner Nationalists ofSouth Africa, led by Dr. Malan, believed that the whites were a
superior race and that the blacks were a subservient people; a menace in society that the whites must be protected from. In 1948, when the Nationalists
won the...show more content...
He fought to keep the ANC alive and in 1989, when F.W. de Klerk replaced P.W. Botha as leader of the National party, Nelson Mandela was freed
from Robben Island after 27 long years. Also under F.W. de Klerk's regime was a special vote held wherein 69% of the white population agreed to the
equal distribution of power between the blacks and the whites ("South Africa's AntiâApartheid Movement" 31, 50, 52.). The first democratic elections
of 1994 in South Africa and the Mandela regime then followed suit.
After the seemingly unmanageable and ageâold problem in South Africa was brought to a peaceful resolution, the country had then become an
exemplar for negotiating conflicts globally. The ANC then travelled the globe, immersing themselves in the recognition that came with assuming the
position of the aforementioned exemplar which they have become (Johnson, 4). However, as R.W. Johnson stated, "[...] the real miracle lay not in
their being willing to enjoy the fruits of victory but in the way that the National Party leader , F.W. de Klerk, had led the white minority to surrender
its power peacefully." (4)
Aside from working towards the reconciliation of the whites and blacks, President Mandela declared the implementation of the 100 Days Plan directly
after his inauguration. However, due to the lack of funding, proper planning and the absence of a heads up to clinics and hospitals, the
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8. South Africa Apartheid And Oppression
aquan Montgomery
Ms.Isca
World History A6
6â5â15
South Africa Apartheid (oppression)
Oppression is at the root of many of the most serious, enduring conflicts in the world today. Racial and religious conflicts; conflicts between dictatorial
governments and their citizens; the battle between the sexes; conflicts between management and labor; and conflicts between heterosexuals and
homosexuals all stem, in whole or in part, to oppression. It's similar to an article in south africa that people have with racial segregation between black
and white . Many people need to know that indiviual have their own rights in laws and freedom . Everyone should have an equal rights and better
community . A black person would be of or accepted as a member of an African tribe or race, and a colored person is one that is not black or white.
The Department of Home Affairs (a government bureau) was responsible for the classification of the citizenry. Nonâcompliance with the race laws
were dealt with harshly. All blacks were required to carry ``pass books ' ' containing fingerprints, photo and information on access to nonâblack areas.
The apartheid in South Africa which was in effect from 1948 until 1994 was not only a racist policy which greatly affected the quality of life of
minorities in the country for the worse but was a outright crime against humanity. It include with civil right that violence verses nonâviolence that the
government could or
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9. Apartheid Paragraph
Apartheid were the laws passed in South Africa that separated whites and blacks and gave whites more control, while robbing blacks of their rights.
Apartheid took place from 1948â 1990, and has been one of the most harsh and systematic violations of human rights. Unfair living conditions, tragic
events, and courageous people contributed to the end of apartheid in South Africa. The living conditions in South Africa were very cruel during
apartheid, and motivated people to end it. The Doctor/population shows how the living conditions were better for the Afrikaners (whites) than the
Bantu (blacks). The blacks only had 1 doctor for every 44,000 people while the whites had 1 doctor for every 400 (6). This means the whites could
be treated faster and better since the doctors didn't need to worry about so many people. The care the doctors could give would to their patients also
was better for the white people because they had more money to receive better medications. The land allocation also proved how there were unfair
living conditions towards the blacks. The Afrikaners had better living conditions with the land accolation because they had 87% of the land with only
4.5 million people, while the Bantu had 13% of the land with 19 million people (6). This means that the white's neighborhoods were less crowded than
the blacks who had to cram into small huts. Also, germs would spread faster in Bantu neighborhoods than Afrikaners because of how spread out or
crammed they were.
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10. Characteristics Of The South African Apartheid
"Black Consciousness and the defeat of the inferiority complex instilled by apartheid institutions is a necessary precondition for progress in South
Africa". (Crais, 361) The South African Reader and Apartheid, 1948â 1994 provide an abundant amount of first hand accounts that depict the clear
differences in life experience and lifestyles of the white and black South Africans. Both texts give prime examples of what life was like under the
apartheid regime from the precursors of apartheid all the way to the end of a very divided era. Throughout apartheid, the difference between was black
and white South Africans was very apparent. Whites lived in better conditions, had better access to resources and education as well as higher quality
resources, while blacks were continually mistreated and discriminated against.
Life as a white South African was usually pretty desirable and easy going. Apartheid Regnany in Dubow's book describes some of the disparities
between the two populations. "By the end of the decade whites, numbering less than oneâfifth of the total population, commanded close to
threeâquarters of the country's share of income." (Dubow, 99) The chapter also goes onto the describe the kinds of things that the whites were able to
acquire: pools, a threeâlitre Ford, ranchâstyle homes, and maids or houseâboys. This displays that the quality of life was much higher for whites, with
that being side the benefits also made there way over to the black communities but they were
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11. Apartheid By Nelson Mandela
Apartheid. This is the name of discrimination for black people who live in the
South Africa. This discrimination is mostly about black people's treatments are not as good as white people which live in the South Africa. So to get
rid of Apartheid, Nelson
Mandela, who was a nation of South Africa, stood up. Nowadays he is famous for his actions of peace making, social movement against Apartheid,
becoming the first black president, and in South Africa, and won the Nobel Peace Prize. He was born in July 18th, 1918. He was named Rolihlahla,
which meant trouble maker. He was born in a small town of South Africa, and his father had four wives. He was youngest of all of the 13 children.
Unlikely as other children, he was the first child
to...show more content...
He fought against the unfairness of the treatments against black people. He spread his idea by speeches, and marching with other black people who feel
same as
Mandela. Few years later, he became the president of African National Congress, and had enormous impacts and influences to the society.
Unfortunately, because of the
Apartheid there were many social movements going on in the society, and police tried to avoid these actions. It was almost like the civil war. White
politicians and South Africa's party desired the discrimination to continue. As the result, Mandela who was influencing the society a lot got arrested.
Many people hoped Mandela to release and they marched the country protesting "Release Mandela". Unfortunately, this did not work. As a result he
was arrested for 27years. After getting released, he helped to prevent the civil war, and few years after he became the first black president; which was
brilliant achievement in South Africa and the world. Also he was the first president chosen democratically. This incident astonished the world a lot. By
his actions, apartheid became one of the serious and major problems
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12. Apartheid In South Africa
In the 1980s, there were many important movements on campus and a variety of issues that were becoming more apparent to students here on campus.
One of the movements that took place was the antiâapartheid movement. As the violence between blacks and whites in South Africa was more
frequent, people from all over the world were starting to realize how the treatments of South Africans in their own homeland was unjust.
Apartheid is defined as a policy or system of segregation or discrimination on the basis of race. Although this sounds very similar to situations here in
the U.S. it is important to note that Apartheid was enforced more strictly in South Africa because there was a rule of the minority. To keep things as
they were, politicians in government and the police force had to enforce policies no matter how small the "crime" seemed to be. The start of
Apartheid ties to the business interests of Europeans at the time. This is a practice that took place from approximately 1948 to 1994. This practice
was by no means just but as I explained it took place because of the demographics in South Africa. Apartheid laws were put in place in 1948. One of
the laws was known as Population Registration Act (1950) made it mandatory for all Africans to be classified as one of three races white, black or
colored (mixedârace.) This led to the issuing of "pass books" to blacks who wanted to enter areas of South Africa that were designated as "whites
only." These and other racist laws were
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13. Apartheid In South Africa
Apartheid was the laws passed in South Africa that separated whites and blacks and gave whites more freedom, while taking rights away from blacks.
In 1909 government established the South African Union and concentrated power in an allâwhite parliament. Whites were given a lot more power and
control over everything. Blacks were forced to live in cramped places and have a terrible education. Unfair living conditions, terrible events, and
amazing leaders contributed to the end of Apartheid in South Africa.
In South Africa, apartheid caused unfair living conditions for the Bantus. The government imposed a color ban on certain jobs which caused
white salaries to be higher than blacks. Blacks were given jobs by the government that paid less than whites (2). I think this is unfair because
people should be able to pick the jobs they want. People should be paid the way they work. Also in Africa, Whites, with a much lower population,
got 87% of the land to settle on and gave blacks with a much higher population 13% of the land to settle on (6). This is unfair because the blacks
already had a lower salary, and with less land, they are living in clustered places in small houses. Whites had normal houses and had yards because
they were spread out. Lastly, Blacks were not able to have any say to the government because the government was white (1). This is unfair because
blacks had no way to get out of their living conditions because they couldn't ask the government for more. Also, the
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14. Comparing Apartheid In South Africa And Germany
There in only one huge difference between these places. In Germany the majority of their people were not Jewish. In Apartheid South Africa the
Majority of people were black, so the minority had oppressed the majority. In Apartheid there weren't any mass murders, or concentration camps. Jews
were put into concentration camps to keep them locked away like farm animals, away from the general society. South Africa had never tried to invade
another country while all of this was going on like Germany did. One other big difference is that in Apartheid there were organized armed resistance
from the country. In Germany there were attempts to have resistance but they were all very shortâlived and unsuccessful.
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15. South Africa Needs Apartheid Essay
Thesis Statement: Apartheid may have been a horrible era in South African history, but only so because the whites were forced to take action against
the outrageous and threatening deeds of the blacks in order to sustain their power.
United Nations members, and fellow concerned citizens, the world must discuss with the consequences of the initiation of apartheid. Apartheid, the
separation of races completely, has become a horrible era in South African history, and has killed many innocent victims. However, the blacks ofSouth
Africa brought death upon themselves. Therefore, please pledge your support to the whites of South Africa in an attempt to save as many lives as
possible in as short a time as we have. One must acknowledge that...show more content...
In the blacks' case, each tribe or village has been given a separate "homeland," or designated place to live, where they would be "a small community of
men, women, and children, selfâassured and confident" (Achebe, 159). Unfortunately, just as the blacks misinterpreted the Christians' intentions in
Things Fall Apart, the blacks of South Africa have interpreted Mr. Verwoerd's intentions differently, and think he is out to hurt them. This
misunderstanding has led to a boycott of the homelands, and greater tension between whites and blacks in South Africa. As the blacks have now started
to rebel against the government, and create "toyiâtoyis," it is said that Verwoerd is beginning to get frightened. The militant blacks carry AK
â47s and
machetes at their side. These soâcalled peaceful people have unwillingly become his own worst enemy, and are "honest in nothing / but in [their]
clothes" (Measure, 5.1.300â301). Because of one misunderstanding, the blacks have become unreliable, just as the Duke in "Measure for Measure." It
is sad to think that one man's caring wishes have brought out violent qualities in the worst of ways. Horrific things have happened. There have been
reports of people gathering in the streets in mobs, and resisting any form of peaceful negotiation that the troops try to offer every day. It sadly, troops
have had to resort to tear gas and weapons in selfâdefense. The blacks, however, are no longer rebelling; they are ready to fight a war. It seems
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16. Apartheid in South Africa Essays
The word apartheid comes in two forms, one being the system of racial segregation in South Africa, and the other form is the form that only those who
were affected by apartheid can relate to, the deeper, truer, more horrifying, saddening and realistic form. The apartheid era truly began when white
South Africans went to the polls to vote. Although the United Party and National Party were extremely close, the National party won. Since they won,
they gained more seats and slowly began to eliminate the black's involvement with the political system. With the National Party in power, they made
black South African life miserable which continues to exist in South Africa's society today. To decrease the political power of black South...show more
content...
Black students weren't able to receive the education they needed for a positive future, instead their education existed in order to spread the messages of
apartheid.
Apartheid funding resulted in an average teacher pupil ratio of 1:18 in white schools, 1:24 in Asian schools, 1:27 in Coloured schools, and 1:39 in
Black schools. Furthermore, the apartheid system also affected the quality of teachers. White schools had 96% of teachers with teaching certificates,
while only 15% of teachers in Black schools were certified.
The Bantu Education Act continued to put limits on black's education. A majority of the money went to white schools; therefore the white South
Africans' teacher to student ration was 1:18 unlike the black teacher to student ration which was 1:39. The white schools could afford to pay more
teachers, not only more, but better and well qualified ones. Since there was only one teacher concentrated on nearly 40 students in black's education,
the students didn't have the time to connect with their teacher and learn as much because the teacher had several students to look after. The black
South African's social life was destroyed because of their limited contact with education.
Several schools in South Africa today are still affected by apartheid from the past. Today, "Fort Hare is the only other historically Black or
disadvantaged institution to survive the mergers relatively intact, the university has never fully recovered financially from the
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17. Apartheid In South Africa Essay
Apartheid was an act that South Africa performed. It seprated whites, blacks, asians, and others. The rule didnt allow them to go to the bathroom
together, live together, and they couldnt marry each other. This happened because the afrikaners (dutch) took over this land from the blacks, and in
order to stay in power against them they seprated them. Unfair living conditions, country events, and incredible people helped to stop Apartheid in
South Africa. In South Africa a big part of Apartheid that was unfair was the difference between the whites living conditions and the blacks. To put this
in perspective the blacks had 15 million more people yet they only had 13% of the entire land of the country (6). Even though the whites had 4.5
million to the blacks 19 million the whites had much more land than them,...show more content...
For example, Desmond Tutu was a black Anglican bishop and civil rights leader. He convinced other regions to boycott South African product and
supply. So it put pressure on the government to make the black people free(8). He was a key part to ending apartheid he managed to get a bunch of
countries on board to stop South Africa. Also F.W. de Klerk, a white South African, became president of South Africa in 1989. He relized how
horrible they were to blacks and he stepped up and handed the leadership to the blacks(8). He handed the leadership over to Nelson Mandela in
1990 and was the last country to have seperation due to color and race. Finally Nelson Mandela was a black South Africa and he stepped up and gave a
speech that motavated the blacks to step up, also he led a group called the ANC which was a group of blacks who wanted to end apartheid(5). He
became the president when F.W de klerk gave it up. Also before this he was in prison for 27 years for sticking up for him self, and his race. In
conclusion there were many leaders the blacks had and whites, who helpe end this horrible
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18. Nelson Mandela and Apartheid Essay
Apartheid, the strict division between white and colored people, for South Africans has always been a big issue. The man who stopped difficult
ways of life for people and communities in South Africa was also their president, Nelson Mandela. Nelson Mandela was a man who put his life on
the line to bring people together. He was involved with organizations that would eventually help to end apartheid throughout his life and lead
countless amounts of peaceful acts that put an end to this divide. Mandela was even arrested for what he was trying to accomplish. It was difficult,
but once he was released from prison, he finished what he and many others had started, he put a stop to apartheid. Nelson Mandela caused for apartheid
to be...show more content...
One large problem that occurred because of apartheid and was the cause of many protests was from 1961â1994, 3.5 million colored people and their
families were forced out of their homes while their property was sold for very low prices to white farmers. This was just one example of events
that were completely unfair to the colored population. Nelson Mandela was the person who stopped these acts from happening. In 1994, Mandela
became the country's first colored president. Instead of trying to make the people who put him into jail for 27 years suffer in consequences, he
embraced them and used peace to unite everyone as equals, and not oppressing the people who had oppressed him for most of his life. Apartheid was
a very rough time for anyone who lived in South Africa before Nelson Mandela and his peace helped to stop it.
Nelson Mandela was a man who learned from his previously violent ways and thoroughly used peace to his advantage in his fight against apartheid,
and in the leading of South Africa. Nelson Mandela grew up as a peaceful person and in 1943 went to law school for his degree. While in law school,
he got very interested in politics and joined a radical protest group, the African National Congress (The ANC). The ANC got into a lot of trouble with
the government for their ideas about a place without apartheid. Mandela was arrested in 1963 and sentenced to life in prison. The government let him
out of
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19. Apartheid Essay
Apartheid Rusty Keller ENG 125 David Makhanlall October 15, 2013 Apartheid Children are often different from adults because they are often
unaware of the rules that adults abide by. Nadine Gordimer held strong feelings of opposition to apartheid, which was a socioeconomic system in South
Africa after 1948 that focused on the oppression and segregation of the nonâwhite citizens who formed the majority of South Africa's population, and
her feelings are usually a dominate theme in most of her writing (Clugston, 2010). In her short story "Country Lovers," Gordimer tells not only how
this socioeconomic system has determinately affected the interracial relationship between the main charters, who were childhood playmates who...show
more content...
There are a number of internal and external conflicts in Gordimer's short story "Country lovers that she uses to illustrate the control apartheid has over
not only the main characters, but society as well. We all are aware of the heightened racial tension between African Americans and the Caucasians in
the south within our own history which helps us to understand the oppression, segregation, and control that this form of legislation can have on
personal relationships and society (Custodio, 2012). So, it is not hard to understand how powerless Thebedi must have felt to prevent the death of her
child, if only she had some form of selfâesteem or dignity, maybe she could have stood her ground enough to save her child's life. Paulus when he
returned from Veterinary College was totally oblivious about the birth of Thebedi's nearly white child's birth until he overheard the servants speaking
about getting someone to do her chores until she could return to them. Even though, Thebedi's husband Njabelo had claimed the child as his own,
Paulus still struggles with his fear of the child being discovered, and his anger and selfâpity with his failure to protect himself from allowing such
things from happening in the first place. This is
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