Iron deficiency anemia is a common type of anemia characterized by a lack of iron in the body, leading to insufficient production of red blood cells. Red blood cells are responsible for carrying oxygen to various tissues and organs. When the body lacks iron, it can't produce enough healthy red blood cells, causing fatigue, weakness, pale skin, shortness of breath, and cold hands and feet. Iron deficiency anemia can be caused by inadequate dietary intake of iron, poor absorption of iron in the body, blood loss due to menstruation or injury, or certain medical conditions. Treatment usually involves iron supplementation and addressing the underlying cause of the deficiency.