Estructura para formar verbos modales y ejemplos

1. Universidad técnica de Machala
Facultad de Ingeniería Civil
Carrera de Ingeniería Civil
Name: Angel Pacho Cruz
Teacher:
Primer semestre “A”
Aula: N° 4
Date: Monday
2014

2. Modal Verbs
The modals verbs are a category of auxiliary verbs. Modal verbs are also called
"auxiliary manners" or "just manners".The modal verb expresses the mode of a
verb: ability, possibility, necessity, or another condition of the main verb.
These verbs are used with main verbs to form statements and questions.
Manners conjugates have no time and can not be used without a main verb.
Can / Can´t
The verb 'Can' (puedo) belongs to the modal verbs and is placed before the
main verb in the infinitive. It means 'power'. Used to express ability, inability,
request, permission, possibility, and inappropriateness.
Pron
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
Can
Can
Can
can
Pron
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
Affirmative
Verb
Complement
speak English
run
veryvest
sit
in thegarden
come
withus
jump
totheotherside
make
deliciouscakes
pass
theexam
draw
pictures
QUESTION
Verb
Complement?
speak
English?
run
veryvest?
sit
inthegarden?
come
withus?
jump
totheotherside?
make
deliciouscakes?
pass
theexam?
draw
Pictures?
USE:We use “CAN” toexpress
1. Ability
Pron
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
Negative
Can + not
Verb
speak
run
sit
come
can't /
jump
can not
make
pass
draw
Affirmative
Yes, You can
Yes, I can
Yes, He can
Yes, She can
Yes, It can
Yes, We can
Yes, You can
Yes, They can
Complement
English
veryfast
in thegarden
withus
totheotherside
deliciouscakes
theexam
pictures
Answers
Negative
Yes, You can´t (cannot)
Yes, I can´t (cannot)
Yes, He can´t (cannot)
Yes, She can ´t (cannot)
Yes, It can ´t (cannot)
Yes, We can´t (cannot)
Yes, You can´t (cannot)
Yes, They can´t (cannot)
He can speak Japanese.
I can play table tennis.
We can cook.
Sarven can ride a bike.
2. Inability
Alicia cannot drive a car.
We can’t lift 100 kilos.
Jan cannot run fast.
I can’t type very fast.
3. Request
Can you help me?
Can you tell me the way to
the museum?
Can you come here a minute
please?
He can’t ride a horse.
4. Permissions
Can I use your cell phone?
Can I take a day off?
Can I smoke here?
Can I go out?
5. Possibility
The florist can deliver the
bouquet early.

3. week.
My friend can visit me this
Could
The modal “Could” (Podria)indicate possibility or ability in the past.
Affirmative
verb
Complement
speak
English
run
very vest
sit
in the garden
come
with us
could
jump
to the other side
make
delicious cakes
pass
the exam
draw
pictures
Pron
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
Could
Could
Pron
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
Could
Pron
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
QUESTION
Verb
Complement?
speak
English?
run
very vest?
sit
in the garden?
come
with us?
jump
to the other side?
make
delicious cakes?
pass
the exam?
draw
Pictures?
NEGATIVE
Could +not
verb
complement
speak English
run
very fast
sit
in the garden
come with us
couldn't /
jump
to the other side
could not
make delicious cakes
pass
the exam
draw
pictures
Affirmative
Yes, You could
Yes, I could
Yes, He could
Yes, She could
Yes, It could
Yes, We could
Yes, You could
Yes, They could
Answers
Negative
Yes, You couldn't
Yes, I couldn't
Yes, He couldn't
Yes, She couldn't
Yes, It couldn't
Yes, We couldn't
Yes, You couldn't
Yes, They couldn't
“May and “Might”
May, is a verb that is used to refer to a hypothetical situation, ie it may be
possible, for example:
Theymayforgive me.
Ellos pueden perdonarme.
Shemay decide totraveltoSpain.
Ella puede decidir viajar a España.
He mayacceptyourrequest.
Él puede aceptar tu pedido
You can replace "May" with "can" to instruction, permit or questions
The modal verb"May” is closely related with "might" since both have the same
use and meaning, although May indicates a greater degree of certainty. for
example:
Shemayforgettheproblems.
Ella puede olvidar los problemas.
Shemightforgettheproblems.
Ella podría olvidar los problemas.
Youmaypaythebills.
Tú puedes pagar las cuentas.
Youmightpaythebills.
Tú podrías pagar las cuentas.
Affirmative: May
Negative: May
not
Interrogative: May...?

4. I may finish tomorrow
Puede que termine mañana
(quizá)
I may not work tomorrow
Puede que no trabaje
mañana
May I use your telephone?
¿Podría usar su teléfono?
You may be wrong
Tú podrías estar equivocado
He may not be right
Quizá él no tenga razón
May you tell me something?
¿Podría Ud. decirme algo?
He may go to Paris tomorow
Él puede que vaya a París
mañana
That may be a mistake
Eso podría ser un error
It may be very raining
Podría estar lloviendo
They may not know that
Ellos quizá no sepan eso
May I ask you a question?
¿Podría hacerle un pregunta?
It may not be so easy
Puede no ser tan fácil
It may not be a good idea
Podría no ser una buena
idea
May I interrupt you?
¿Puedo interrumpirlo?
May we suggest something?
¿Podríamos sugerir algo?
That may be a good sign
Esa podría ser una buena señal
It may not be permitted
Quizá no esté permitido
May they come to my house?
¿Podríamos ellos venir a mi
casa?
She may give us a surprise
Esta podría darnos una
sorpresa
He may not play in the
street
Él no puede jugar en la calle
May you call me later?
¿Podría Ud. llamarme más
tarde?
“May + have + participle”It is a construct to express last the verb may. Exists the
past of may (might) but is ambiguous so that is not used much in the sense of
the past. So it is necessary to use this expression:
I mayhave done something wrong. (yo puedo haber hecho algo incorrecto)
Vicky may have told me. (Puede que Vicky me haya dicho.)
They may not have known that. (Puede que ellos no hayan sabido eso.)
I mayhaveforgotten to lock the door. (Quizá me haya olvidado de cerrar la
puerta con llave.)
Might
Both "may" and "might" are usedtoapplysome formal and politemanner, thelatterbeing a term
of utmostcourtesy.
Pron.
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
Affirmative
Might verb
speak
run
sit
come
might
jump
make
pass
draw
Pron.
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
Negative
Might + not
might not
verb
speak
run
sit
come
jump
make
pass
draw
Example:
I mightfinishtomorrow. (Podría terminar mañana)
Youmight be wrong. (Tú podrías estar equivocado)
Interrogative
Pron.
verb +?
I
speak?
You
run?
He
sit?
She
come?
Might
It
jump?
We
make?
You
pass?
They
draw?
Might

5. He might goto Paris tomorrow. (Él podría ir a París mañana)
Might I use yourtelephoneplease? (Podría usar su teléfono por favor?)
“Shall”and“Will”
themodalsverbs (Will / Shall + mainverb) formfuture time and
indicateanintentionoractionwillhappen in thefuture.
Thereis no differencebetweenthesetwomannersto use in assertions. However,
Shallisrarelyused in American English.
Pron.
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
Affirmative
Shall /
verb
will
speak
run
sit
shall / come
will
jump
make
pass
draw
Pron.
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
Negative
Shall / will +
not
(will not or
won't) / shall
not
Interrogative
verb
speak
run
sit
come
jump
make
pass
draw
Shall /
Will
Shall /
Will
Pron.
verb +?
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
speak?
run?
sit?
come?
jump?
make?
pass?
draw?
"Will" modifies the verb that follows: I will I'll go =, She will work = She will work
Examples:
I will / shall close the door for you. (Cerraré la puertaparati.)
Tom will / shall meet us at the train station. (Tom nosencontrará en la estación
de tren.)
They will / shall leave tomorrow at 8:00. (Iránmañana a lasocho.)
I will speak English. (Hablaréinglés)
Everybody will see this. (Todo el mundoveráesto)
We will be very tired. (Estaremosmuycansados)
In information questions, shall and will be used to find options or data.
Who will / shall drive the car?¿Quiénconducirá el coche?
When will / shall I see you again?¿Cuándoveré a tiotravez?
How will / shall you get here?¿Cómollegarásaquí?
What time will / shall we meet?¿A quéhoravamosaencontrarnos?
In yes-no questions, shall and will are not synonymous. Will be used to request a
favour.
Will / Shall you turn off the TV?¿Apagarás la televisión? = Apaga la televisión.
Will / Shallyou stop whining?¿Pararás de lloriquear? = Para con lasquejicas.
Will / Shallyou go with me?¿Irásconmigo? = Venconmigo.
“Will” be used to inquire about one thing or person.
Will / Shall Tom ever pay you back?¿Tom nuncatedevuelverá lo quetedebe?

6. Will
/
Shall
Mars
be
visited
by
humans
years?¿Marteserávisitadoporhumanosdentro de veinteaños?
Will / Shall you be finished soon?¿Vas a terminar pronto?
within
twenty
“Shall” Questions about preferences or recommendations. In these cases, shall
and are synonymous of “should”. In American English use of shall is very rare
and is found only in the first person.
Should / Shall I close the door?¿Cierro la puerta?
Should / Shall he close the door?¿Debecerrar la puerta?¿Seríabiensiélcierra la
puerta?
Should / Shall they come back later?¿Regresaránmástarde?¿Deben
regresarmástarde?
Should / Shall Tom bring food to the party?¿Llevaalgo Tom para comer a la
fiesta?
Should / Shall we stay here?¿Quedamosaquí?
Would
The modal verb "would" followed by the word "like" is a polite way of indicating
a preference
Affirmative
Pron.
Would
+ like
I
You
He
She
would
like
It
We
You
They
Negative
verb
Pron.
speak
run
eat
a
chocol
ate
jump
swim
play
draw
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
wouldn't /
would not +
like
wouldn't /
would not +
like
Interrogative
verb
speak
run
sit
a
chocolat
e
jump
swim
play
draw
Would
Pron.
verb +?
I
You
He
She
speak?
run?
sit?
a
chocolate
?
jump
swim
play
draw?
Would
It
We
You
They
Examples:
Would you like a chocolate? (¿Tegustaríaun chocolate?)
Would you like to visit me? (¿Tegustaríavisitarme?)
Would you like a cup of tea? (¿Tegustaríaunataza de té?)
I would like to travel to New York. (Me gustaríaviajar a Nueva York.)
Would you lend me some money? (¿Me prestaríasalgo de dinero?)
I would like to know your opinion. (Desearíaconocertuopinión.)
"Would" can make a request more polite.
Would you come here?Favor de veniraquí.
Stop making that noise!¡Deja de haceresteruido!
Would you stop making that noise?Favor de dejar de haceresteruido.

7. Must
The modal verb "must" can be attributed two main meanings: to denote
obligation and also to express probabilities or suppositions.
Pron.
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
Affirmative
must
verb
speak
run
sit
come
might
jump
make
pass
draw
Pron.
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
Negative
must + not
must not /
mustn't
verb
speak
run
sit
come
jump
make
pass
draw
Interrogative
Pron. verb +?
I
speak?
You
run?
He
sit?
She
come?
Must
It
jump?
We
make?
You
pass?
They
draw?
Must
Examples:
He must follow a diet. (Éldebeseguirunadieta.)
It must be closed. (Debe de estarcerrado)
We must hurry. (Debemosapurarnos)
They must get up early. (Ellosdebenlevantarsetemprano)
You mustn't drink and drive. (No debesbeber y conducir)
She mustn't see this. (Ella no debeveresto)
We must not steal. (No debemosrobar)
Must you go there now? (¿Debesirahíahora?)
Must I call them? (¿Debollamarlos?)
Must he study this? (¿Debeélestudiaresto?)
Must she stay in bed? (¿Debeellaquedarse en cama?)
Must it be sent today?(¿Debeserenviado hoy?)
Must they start tomorrow? (¿Deben ellosempezarmañana?)
Must they stay here? (¿Deben ellosquedarseaquí?)
In information questions, the word “must” indicates an obligation and can be
synonymous of “should”. Should in American English is much more common in
this context.
Example:
When should / must we be there? (¿Cuándodebemosestarallá?)
Who should / must I talk to? (¿Con quiéndebohablar?)

8. “Should” and “Ought (to)”
Should (debería).Used to express obligation less.Ought to (debería).Used
similarly to “should”.
Pron.
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
Affirmative
Should
verb
should
speak
run
sit
come
jump
make
pass
draw
Pron
.
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
Negative
should+ not
should not /
shouldn't
verb
speak
run
sit
come
jump
make
pass
draw
Interrogative
Should
Pron. verb
+?
I
speak?
You
run?
He
sit?
She
come?
Should
It
jump?
We
make?
You
pass?
They
draw?
The modals verbs (Should and ought) indicate the obligation for which it is not
true. Should and ought are synonymous.
You should / ought to call your mother. (Debesllamar a tumamá.)
I should / ought to go home now. (Yadeboirme a casa.)
In questions, "Should" Used to tell if there is an obligation. In American
English ought never used in questions
.Should he call her? (¿Debellamarle a ella?)
Should we pay now? (¿Pagamosahora?)
When should we leave? (¿Cuándodebemossalir?)
What should I wear? (¿En quédebovestirme?)
To express something that should have been done in the past but was not
performed, use the form (Should + Have + Pastparticiple ofverbmain).
He should have arrived earlier. (Éldeberíahaberllegadomástemprano.)
We should have travelled yesterday. (Nosotrosdeberíamoshaberviajadoayer.)
Affirmative
Ought
verb
to
I
speak
You
run
He
sit
She
Ought
come
It
to
jump
We
make
You
pass
They
draw
Pron.
Pron
.
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
Negative
Ought to+ not
ought not to /
oughtn't to
verb
speak
run
sit
come
jump
make
pass
draw
Interrogative
Pron. verb
+?
I
speak?
You
run?
He
sit?
She
come?
Ought
It
jump?
We
make?
You
pass?
They
draw?
Ought
Examples:
I ought to study more. (Deberíaestudiarmás)
He ought not to drink (Él no deberíabeber)
Ought I to be here early? (¿Deberíaestaraquítemprano?)