Materials on International Relations

1. Matter Week #1
International Relations
Presented by Patrick Steven

2. INTERNATIONAL
RELATIONS
commonly also referred to as
international studies (IS),
global studies (GS), or global
affairs (GA)
othe study of politics, economics
and law on a global level.
oIt focuses on the relationships
between political entities.

3. POLITICAL ENTITIES
What are the different types of political entities?
- a political entity that is
represented by
one centralized
government that
has sovereignty over a
geographic area.
SOVEREIGN STATES
- an organization
established by a treaty or
other instrument governed
by international law and
possessing its own
international legal
personality
IGOs
- Independent of
government involvement
- a subgroup of
organizations founded by
citizens, which include
clubs and associations
which provide services to
its members and others.
NGOs

4. SOVEREIGN STATE
What must states possess?
A territory which a state owns
or rules over
LAND
The individual members of a
particular state
PEOPLE
the system or group of
people governing a state
GOVERNMENT
When the state is
acknowledged by other
sovereign states
INTERNATIONAL
RECOGNITION

5. WHY ARE LAND, PEOPLE, GOVERNMENT & RECOGNITION
NECESSARY FOR A STATE TO EXIST?
To Achieve a Legal
Personality
• With the
acquirement of legal
personality, comes
privileges and
responsibilities for
the state.
To Seal Sovereignty
• Sovereignty is the full
right and power of a
governing body over
itself
To Avoid Direct
Intervention
• International law has
stated that any so-
called state which
does not possess
one of the four
criterions can be
directly intervened.

6. THE CONCEPT OF
NATIONAL INTEREST
o also called “reason of state”
o a rationality of governing relating to a
sovereign state's goals and ambitions,
be they economic, military, cultural, or
otherwise.
o it justifies the preservation of a nation’s
own interest at the expense of others.

7. PRAGMATISM IN IR
• The theory that international affairs
problems should be met with practical
solutions rather than ideological ones.
• The pursuit of practicality over aesthetic
qualities; a concentration on facts rather
than emotions, ideals, or unrealistic visions.

8. WAR
When are states
justified in going
to war?
War is only justifiable as a means for
achieving something when all else
has failed.
War = Final Option
When the war occurs, it must not be
meant to punish or capture things,
including humans, and innocent lives
must not be put in danger
War = Greater Good
the use of nuclear weapons, chemical
weapons, biological weapons, and
human shields are off-limits
Jus in belo
The chaos that erupts once a war
begins must be ended by the very
states that started it.
Jus post belum

9. WAR
Actors or Actions which
may be involved in wars
to protect people
that are not involved
in said war, such as
civilians, the press,
medic, women and
children
Humanitarian
Law
private contractors,
utilized by the US in
Iraq and Afghanistan,
usually in order to
cover up the true
identity of the actor
committing the war
Mercenaries
when a state
interveres a
sovereign
government for its
failure in fulfilling its
duty to protect the
citizens
Humanitarian
Intervension

10. International
Organizations

11. THE UN
The United Nations
is an intergovernmental organization
that aims to maintain international
peace and security, develop friendly
relations among nations, achieve
international cooperation, and be a
centre for harmonizing the actions of
nations.

12. NATO
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization
an intergovernmental military alliance
between 30 North American and
European countries. The organization
implements the North Atlantic Treaty
that was signed on 4 April 1949.

13. ICC
The International Criminal Court
an intergovernmental organization and
international tribunal that sits in The
Hague, with jurisdiction to prosecute
individuals for the international crimes
of genocide, crimes against humanity,
war crimes, and the crime of
aggression.

14. ICJ
The International Court of Justice
is one of the six principal organs of the
United Nations (UN) which settles
disputes between states in accordance
with international law and gives
advisory opinions on international legal
issues.

15. REGIONAL
ORGANIZATIONS
international organizations
(IOs), whose membership
is characterized by
boundaries and
demarcations
characteristic to a defined
and unique geography,
such as continents, or
geopolitics, such as
economic blocs.
o a continental union
consisting of 55 member
states located on the
continent of Africa, which
was announced in the Sirte
Declaration in Sirte, Libya,
on 9 September 1999
The African Union
AU
o a political and economic
union of 27 member states
that are located primarily in
Europe which was
established when the
Maastricht Treaty came into
force in 1993.
The European Union
EU
o a regional
intergovernmental
organization comprising
ten countries in Southeast
Asia, which was created on
8 August 1967, when the
foreign ministers of five
countries: Indonesia,
Malaysia, the Philippines,
Singapore, and Thailand,
signed the ASEAN
Declaration.
The Association of Southeast
Asian Nations
ASEAN

16. REAL WORLD
CASES
Pertaining to Issues in IR

17. ISRAEL-PALESTINE
One of the world’s longest-running and
most controversial conflicts
a conflict between two self-
determination movements — the
Jewish Zionist project and the
Palestinian nationalist project — that
lay claim to the same territory

18. SYRIAN CIVIL WAR
an ongoing armed conflict in Syria
The Ba'ath government is fighting
against people who want to remove
this government. The conflict began on
15 March 2011, with demonstrations.

19. BREXIT
a portmanteau of "British" and "exit"
is the withdrawal of the United
Kingdom (UK) from the European
Union (EU), which was advocated by
hard Eurosceptics and opposed by pro-
Europeanists and soft Eurosceptics,
with both sides of the argument
spanning the political spectrum.

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