2015 Western and Central Africa power markets Dashboard

1. WESTERN AND CENTRAL AFRICA POWER MARKET DASHBOARD - 2015
Rank Country Production Transmission Distribution Consumption and Quality of Service Brief overview
1 Nigeria
Installed Capacity: 12,010 MW
Net production: 30,922 GWh
Fuel: Natural gas, hydro
Utilities: 25 power plants operated by PHCN
successors, IPP and NIPP
Peak load: 4,884 MW (23/11/2015)
Network length: 15,841 km
Lines type: 330/132 kV
Losses: 7.5 %
Number of networks: 1
Operator: TCN (State owned)
6 total and 4 partial collapses of the grid
Lines length: 356,363 km (2014)
MV: 33/11 kV
Losses: 18.5 %
Operators: 11 distribution companies
Consumption: 21,589 GWh (e)
Number of subscribers: 8,645,527 (2014)
Consumption per capita: 115 kWh
Average end-user price: 125.31 USD/MWh
Electricity access rate: 45.0 % (2014)
Regulatory agency: NERC (established in 2005)
In May 2015, process of unbundling TCN into NESO (public entity) and
TSPN (private entity) began
NERC estimates in July 2015, about 53.66 % of the customers are
either unmetered or have non-functional meters
Collection rate (62.5 %) is low compared to other WAF countries
Exports power to Togo, Benin and Niger
Gas cost: 2.6 USD/MMBTU
2 Ghana
Installed Capacity: 3.656 MW
Net production: 11,492 GWh
Fuel: Hydro, natural gas, light crude oil (LCO),
solar
Utilities: VRA, BPA (State owned) TICO, CEL,
SAPP, Ameri (IPP) and Karpower (leasing)
Peak load: 1,933 MW (29/12/2015)
Network length: 5,216 km
Lines type: 330/225/161/69 kV
Losses: 3.8 %
Number of networks: 1
Operator : GRIDCO (State Owned)
Lines length: 91,382 km
MV: 34,5/33/30/20/11 kV
Losses: 23.3 %
Operators: ECG, NEDCO (State Owned)
and EPC (Private owned)
Consumption: 8,646 GWh
Number of subscribers: 3,484,396 (e) (2014)
Consumption per capita: 315 kWh
Average end-user price: 143.45 USD/MWh
ECG SAIDI: 138 - 283 hrs per customer (2014)
ECG SAIFI: 78 - 165 per customer (2014)
Electricity access rate: 78.3 % (2014)
Regulatory agencies: PURC, EC (established in 1997)
Production fell in 2015 due to water shortages
To boost natural gas imports, Ghana leased a Golar FSRU that will be
commissioned in 2017
Two tariff increases recorded in 2015
New capacity: KTPP, Ameri, Karpower, BXC Solar
Gas cost: 8.8 USD/MMBTU|LCO cost: 60.0 USD/bbl
3
Democratic
Republic of
Congo
Installed Capacity: 2.446 MW
Net production: 8,913 GWh
Capacity factor: 37.9 %
Fuel: Hydro, Diesel
Utilities: SNEL (State owned), SINELAC
(Operator of the Ruzizi II hydrodam)
Network length: 6,215 km
Line types: 500(DC)/220/132/120/ 110/70/
66/50 kV
Operator: SNEL
Number of substations: 3,607 (2013)
Lines length: 17,771 km
MV: 30/20 kV
Losses: 10.5 % (2014)
Operator: SNEL
Electricity sales: 7,559 GWh
Billed Subscribers: 622,210
Consumption per capita: 98 kWh
Average price: 87.26 USD/MWh
Electricity access rate: 17,9 % (2014)
New law governing electricity sector was approved in 2014
SNEL revenue collection rate is low (61.2 %) compared to many
Western Africa utilities (more than 90 %)
Exported 37.4 GWh to neighbouring countries
Only 13% of residential subscribers have a metering system. The
remaining are billed on a flat rate basis
4 Ivory Coast
Installed Capacity: 1,811 MW
Net production: 8,517 GWh
Fuel: Natural gas, Hydro, fuel-oil, diesel
Utilities: CIE (15 % State owned), CIPREL,
AZITO (IPP) and AGGREKO (leased capacity)
Peak load: 1,193 MW (09/12/2015)
Network length: 4,733 km
Lines type: 225/90 kV
Losses: 6.5 %
Number of networks: 1
Operator : CIE
Lines length: 41,936 km
MV: 30/11 kV
LV: 380/220 V
Losses: 16.7 %
Operator: CIE
Electricity sales: 5,935 GWh
Number of subscribers: 1,432,779
Consumption per capita: 261 kWh
Average end-user price: 114.86 USD/MWh
SAIDI: 30 hrs per customer
SAIFI: 33 per customer
Electricity access rate: 77 %
Regulatory agency: ANARE (established in 1998)
CIE Concession Agreement expires in 2025
Tariff increased by 10 % in July 2015
CIPREL added a 111 MW Heat Recovery Steam Generator
Exported 849 GWh to Togo, Benin, Burkina, Mali and Ghana
Gas cost: 5.6 USD/MMBTU|Fuel-oil cost: 708.3 USD/MT
5 Cameroon
Installed Capacity: 1.299 MW
Net production: 6,344 GWh
Fuel: Hydro, Natural gas, fuel-oil, diesel
Utilities: ENEO (44 % State owned), KPDC,
DPDC (IPP), ALTAAQA (leased capcity)
Peak load: 764 MW
Network length: 2,232 km
Lines type: 225/110/90 kV
Losses: 5.8 %
Number of networks: 3
Operator: ENEO
Lines length: 35,155 km
MV: 30/15 kV
Losses: 30.5 %
Operator: ENEO
Electricity sales: 4,606 GWh
Number of subscribers: 1,020,362
Consumption per capita: 197 kWh
Average end-user price: 101.27 USD/MWh
Electricity access rate: 62.1 % (2014)
SAIDI: 89 hrs per customer
SAIFI: 684 per customer
Regulatory agency: ARSEL (established in 1998)
No price review since 2012
A Transmission utility was established in 2015
Self-generation was estimated at 1,637 GWh in 2014
Lom Pangar impounding dam started operations in 1Q2016
Gas cost: 3,49 USD/MMBTU
6 Senegal
Installed Capacity: 712 MW
Net production: 3,429 GWh
Fuel: Fuel-oil, hydro, diesel, natural gas
Utilities: SENELEC (State owned) KONOUNE
(IPP), AGGREKO, APR Energy (Leased
capacity), SEMAF
Peak load: 533 MW
Network length: 529 km
Lines type: 225/90 kV
Losses: 1.2 %
Number of networks: 3
Operator: SEMAF, SENELEC
Number of substations: 4,819
Lines length: 17,479 km
MV: 30/6.6 kV
Losses: 17.3 %
Operator: SENELEC
Electricity sales: 2,719 GWh
Number of Subscribers: 1,050,228 (2014)
Consumption per capita: 180 kWh
Average end-user price: 197.93 USD/MWh
Electricity access rate: 60,6 % (2014)
END: 21 GWh
Regulatory agency: CRSE
Senegal has 60 and 15 MW of dedicated capacity in Manantali and
Felou hydro dams (Mali)
CountourGlobal bought the assets of GTI Dakar and is expected to
commission a 55 MW HFO plant in 2016
Senegal imports from Mauritania started in 2015 and will ramp-up with
the commissioning of the Banda gas project
7 Gabon
Installed Capacity: 670 MW
Net production: 2,244 GWh
Fuel: Natural gas, hydro, diesel, Fuel-oil
Utilities: SEEG (51% owned by Veolia), Societe
de Patrimoine (State-owned), Aggreko (leasing)
Peak load: 369 MW
Network length: 706 km
Line types: 225/90/63 kV
Number of networks: 3
Operator: SEEG
Number of substations: 2,623
Lines length: 4,065 km
MV: 30/20/5.5 kV
Losses: 21.6 %
Operator: SEEG
Electricity sales: 1,704 GWh
Number of Subscribers: 294,559
Consumption per capita: 1,043 kWh
Average price: 160.11 USD/MWh
Electricity access rate: 89.3% (2014)
Regulatory agency: ARSEE (established in 2010)
Quaterly review of the tariffs
SEEG the historical power company was privatized in 1997
Societe de Patrimoine du Service Public operates the Alenakiri power
plant and Grand Poubara dam
In 2014, Gabon established a transmission company that was dissolved
the same year
by Patrick BABOGA, Msc. Eng .

2. 8 Mali
Installed Capacity: 488,2 MW
Net production: 1,469 GWh
Imports: 244 GWh
Fuel: Fuel-oil, hydro, diesel
Utilities: EDM (66 % State owned), SEMAF,
SOPAM (IPP), AGGREKO, APR ENERGY (leased
capacities)
Peak load: 274 MW
Network length: 1,365 km
Line types: 225/150/66 kV
Number of network: 1
Operator: EDM
Installed Capacity: 641 MVA
Number of substations: 2,714
Lines length: 6,895 km
MV: 30/15 kV
Losses: 17.8 %
Operator: EDM
Consumption: 1,327 GWh
Number of Subscribers: 400,690
Consumption per capita: 75 kWh
Average price: 177.36 USD/MWh
Electricity access rate: 25.9 % (2014)
Regulatory agency: CREE (established in 2000)
SEMAF replaced EEM (ESKOM subsidiary) as operator of Manantali and
Felou hydro dams
Mali holds 104 and 27 MW of dedicated capacities in these dams, the
remaining being allocated to Senegal and Mauritania
Imports electricity from Ivory Coast and Mauritania
9 Burkina
Installed Capacity: 325 MW
Net production: 999 GWh
Imports: 443 GWh
Fuel: Hydro, diesel, fuel-oil
Utility: SONABEL (State-owned)
Peak load: 244 MW (07/05/2015)
Network length: 1,004 km
Line types: 225/132/90 kV
Losses: 4.1 %
Main networks: 1
Operator: SONABEL
Installed Capacity: 625 MVA (2014)
Number of substations: 3,218
Lines length: 13,367 km
MV: 33/20/15 kV
Losses: 13.2 %
Operator: SONABEL
Consumption: 1,200 GWh
Number of Subscribers: 544,825
Consumption per capita: 66 kWh
Average price: 181.84 USD/MWh
Electricity access rate: 18.8 %
Regulatory agency: ARSE (established in 2007)
No price review since 2006
APR Energy was operating power plants (30 + 31 MW) that was
dismantled in 2012.
Burkina imported 443 GWh
Fuel-oil cost: 483.0 USD/MT
Diesel cost: 827.9 USD/MT
10
Congo
Brazzaville
Installed Capacity: 592 MW
Net Production: 2,585 GWh (e)
Fuel: Hydro, natural gas, fuel-oil, gasoil
Imports: 37 GWh from DRC
Utilies: SNE (State owned), CEC (80 % State-
owned)
Network length: 1,469 km
Line types: 220/110 kV
Number of network: 1
losses: 10.1 % (2014)
Operator: SNE
MV: 35/30/20/6.6 kV
losses: 50.0 %
Operator: SNE
Electricity Sales: 1,160 GWh
Number of Subscribers: 256,903
Consumption per capita: 249 kWh
Average price: 97,31 USD/MWh
Electricity access rate: 41.8 % (2014)
Regulatory agency: ARSEL (established in 2003)
Congo and Cameroon signed a joint-development agreement for the
Chollet hydro dam (600 MW) on the Congo river
CEC operates two thermal plant of a total installed capacity of 350
MW near Pointe-Noire
Self-generation was estimated at 208 MWh in 2014
Exports small quantity of electricity to DRC
11 Togo
Local Installed Capacity: 146 MW
CEB Installed capacity: 105 MW
Net production: 361 GWh
CEET purchase from CEB: 745 GWh
Fuel: Fuel-oil, disel, Natural gas
Utilies: CEB, CEET (State owned),
ContourGlobal (IPP)
Peak load: 213 MW
Network length: 1,870 km (including HV lines
of Benin )
Line types: 330/161/63 kV
Number of network: 1
Losses: 5.2 %
Operator: CEB
Installed Capacity: 626 MW
Peak load: 172 MW
Number of substations: 1,707
Lines length: 7,209 km
MV: 34.5/33/20/5.5 kV
Losses: 16,8 %
Operator: CEET
CEET Sales: 910 GWh
Number of Subscribers: 294,639
Consumption per capita: 125 kWh
Average price: 182.56 USD/MWh
Electricity access rate: 33.0 %
Regulatory agency: ARSE (established in 2000)
CEB is a jointly incorporated company with the State of Benin that
imports electricity from Ghana, Ivory Coast and Nigeria
CEET operates under a performance agreement signed with the State
of Togo for 5 years (2014-2018)
ContourGlobal operates Lome Thermal Plant (100 MW)
Gas cost: 10.05 USD/MMBTU|Fuel-oil cost: 761.2 USD/MT
12 Benin
Installed Capacity: 114 MW
CEB installed capacity: 105 MW
SBEE Production: 134 GWh
SBEE purchase from CEB: 1,087 GWh
Fuel: Fuel-oil, natural gas
Utilities: CEB, SBEE (State owned)
Peak load: 241 MW
Network length: 1,870 km (including HV lines
of Togo)
Line types: 330/161/63 kV
Number of network: 1
Operator: CEB
Number of substations: 3,524
Lines length: 14,388 km
MV: 30/20/15/6.6 kV
losses: 23.9 %
Operator: SBEE
SBEE Sales: 844 GWh
CEB sales to industries: 59.1 GWh
Number of Subscribers: 484,486 (2013)
Consumption per capita: 78 kWh
Tariffs: 131.95 - 194.54 USD/MWh
Electricity access rate: 31.0 %
Regulatory agency: ARSE (established in 2000)
CEB sells electricity directly to the local cement plant
Adjarala hydro dam (147 MW) started construction in 2015
Gas imports have been erratic through the WAPCO, since the
commissioning of this pipeline in 2009
13 Niger
Installed Capacity: 151 MW
NIGELEC production: 156 GWh
SONICHAR production: 221 GWh
Fuel: Diesel, Coal
Imports: 782 GWh
Utilities: NIGELEC , SONICHAR, SNCA (State
owned), AGGREKO (leased engines)
Peak load: 353 MW (2014)
Network length: 706 km (2014)
Line types: 132/66 kV
Losses: 9.0 % (2014)
Operator: NIGELEC
Installed Capacity: 387 MVA (2014)
Number of substations: 2,105 (2014)
Lines length: 6,890 km (2014)
MV: 33/20 kV
Losses: 10.5 % (2014)
Operator: NIGELEC
Consumption: 769 GWh
Number of Subscribers: 253,745
Consumption per capita: 40.2 kWh
Average price: 138,26 USD/MWh
Electricity access rate: 14.6 % (2014)
Regulatory agency: ARSE (established in 2015)
SONICHAR operates a 37.6 MW coal thermal plant
No price review since 2012
Imported more than 78.2 % of its electricity needs from Nigeria
Kandadji Hydro dam (130 MW) is under construction
The Gorou Banda thermal plant (100 MW) was inaugurated in April
2017
14 Guinea
Installed Capacity: 603 GW
Net Production: 1,118 GWh
Fuel: Hydro, fuel-oil, gasoil
Utilities: EDG (State owned)
Peak load: 260 MW
Network length: 497 km
Line types: 225/110/60 kV
Number of networks: 2
Losses: 7.7 % (2013)
Operator: EDG
Installed Capacity: 428 MVA
Number of substations: 1,984
Lines length: 1,342 km
MV: 30/15/6 kV
Losses: 17 % (2013)
Operator: EDG
Electricity Sales: 758 GWh
Number of Subscribers: 277,558
Consumption per capita: 60.1 kWh
Average price: 93,25 USD/MWh
Electricity access rate: 26.4 % (2014)
Regulatory agency: ARSEE (established in 2003)
EDG and Veolia signed a management contract in 2015
Some consumers are billed on a flat rate basis
Kaleta hydro dam was completed in August 2015
Leasing of 50 MW to Aggreko was ended in June 2015
Self-generation had an installed capacity of 63.4 MW in 2014
15 Mauritania
Installed Capacity: 354 MW
Production: 908 GWh
Self-production (Mining sector): 489 GWh
Fuel: Fuel-oil, Diesel, Hydro, Wind, Solar
Utilities: SOMELEC (State owned), SNIM
Network length: 1,120 km (Connects Nouakchott
to the transmission system of Manantali and
Felou dams)
Line types: 225/90 kV
Operator: SEMAF
Number of substations: 801 (2013)
Lines length: 2,973 km (2013)
MV: 33/15 kV
losses: 27.2 %
Operator: SNIM (Zouerate and F'Derick
cities) and SOMELEC
Electricity Sales: 572 GWh
Number of subscribers: 220,000
Consumption per capita: 154 kWh
Tariff: 72.69 - 189.12 USD/MWh
Electricity access rate: 28.4 % (2013)
Regulatory agency: ARE (established in 2001)
Tullow farmed-down of the Banda license in 2014 due to falling oil
prices and Mauritania is looking for a new operator. 180 MW of this
project was commissioned with fuel-oil in 2015
Mauritania has dedicated capacities of 36 and 18 MW in Manantali and
Felou hydro dams (Mali)
Exported 104 GWh to Senegal
by Patrick BABOGA, Msc. Eng .

3. 16
Equatorial
Guinea
Installed Capacity: 327 MW
Production: 692 GWh (e)
Fuel: Hydro, natural gas and oil
Utilies: SEGESA (State owned)
Peak Load (first 9 months 2015): 123 MW
Line types: 220/110/66 kV
Number of network: 2
Operator: SEGESA
MV: 20/15 kV
Operator: SEGESA
Electricity consumption: 568 GWh (e)
Consumption per capita: 463 kWh (e)
Tariff: 101.5 - 169.16 USD/MWh
Electricity access rate: 80.0 %
No Regulatory agency
The commissioning of the Sendje (200 MW) hydro dam is planned in
2017 and the excess production could be exported
In 2015, the government decided to convert 24 MW of the Bata
thermal plant from fuel-oil to natural gas
No tariff review since 2002
17 Gambia
Installed Capacity: 28 MW (2014)
Net Production: 293 GWh
Fuel: Fuel-oil, gasoil and Wind
Utilies: NAWEC (State owned), GAMWIND (IPP)
No existing transmission system. Electricity is
directly delivered to the distribution network
Lines length: 306 km
MV: 33/11 kV
losses: 24.0 % (2014)
Operator: NAWEC
Electricity Sales: 218 GWh (2014)
Number of Subscribers: 145,141 (2014)
Consumption per capita: 109.7 kWh
Average price: 227.59 USD/MWh (2014)
Electricity access rate: 44.5 % (2014)
Regulatory agency: PURA (established in 2001)
A 12 % Tariff increase occurred in 2015
Fuel-oil unavailability obliged NAWEC to mainly rely on dieselon
GEG handed over Brikama power plant to NAWEC in 2013
Gambia is expected to have 17 and 25 MW of dedicated capacity in
Kaleta and Sambanglou dams under OMVG
18 Chad
Installed Capacity: 192 MW
Production: 216 GWh (2014)
Fuel: fuel-oil, diesel
Utilies: SNE (State owned), Aggreko (leased
Capacity)
Line types: 90/66 kV
Number of network: 1 (Concentrated in
N'Djamena area)
Operator: SNE
MV: 15 kV
Operator: SNE
Number of Subscribers: 51,000
Tariff: 143.79 - 211.45 USD/MWh
Electricity access rate: 3.8 % (2014)
The historical utility STEE was dissolved in 2010 and SNE is now the
public utility in charge of the electricity sector
Electricity network is concentrated around N'djamena
Electricity tariff were reduced by 37 % in 2015
60 MW of Solar PV is planned to be commissioned in 2018
19 Sierra Leone
Installed Capacity: 100 MW
Net Production: 294 GWh (2016)
Fuel: Hydro, diesel, fuel-oil
Utilies: EGTC (State owned), BKPS
Line types: 161/66 kV
Number of network: 1
losses: 3.5 % (2013)
Operator: EGTC
MV: 33/11 kV
losses: 54.1 % (2013)
Operator: EDSA
Electricity Sales: 114.6 GWh (2014)
Number of Subscribers: 44,915 (2013)
Consumption per capita: 20.4 kWh (2014)
Tariff: 131.64 - 425.24 USD/MWh
Electricity access rate: 5.0 % (2013)
Regulatory agency: SLEWRC (established 2011)
NPA was unbundled into EGTC and EDSA in 2015
Phase II of the Bumbuna hydro plant (350 MW) is expected to reach
financial closing in 2017
Tariffs were increased by 15 % in September 2016
20
Central African
Republic
Installed Capacity: 36 MW (2014)
Net Production: 139 GWh (2014)
Imports: 0.2 GWh
Fuel: Hydro, diesel
Utilies: ENERCA (State owned)
Network length: 172 km (2012)
Line types: 110/63 kV
Number of network: 1
Utilies: ENERCA
Number of substations: 213 (2012)
Lines length: 585 km (2012)
MV:15/6.6/5.5 kV
Utilies: ENERCA
Electricity Sales: 38 GWh (2014)
Number of LV Subscribers: 30,003 (e) (2014)
Consumption per capita: 7.6 kWh (2014)
Electricity access rate: 2.5 % (2014)
Regulatory agency: ARSEC (established in 2005)
The Mobaye area is supplied directly from DRC
Boali 1 and 2 dams (18.4 MW) are the main generating facilities
LV consumption was reduced by from 39 GWh to 2 GWh between 2012
and 2014 due to political instability
21 Liberia
Installed Capacity: 23 MW
Net Production: 107 GWh (2016)
Fuel: Fuel-oil, diesel, Hydro
Utilies: LEC (State owned)
Peak Load: 11 MW (2014)
Line types: 66 kV
Number of network: 1
Operator: LEC
Lines length: 306 km
MV: 33/22/11 kV
losses: 25 %
Operator: LEC
Number of Subscribers: 29,900 (2014)
Average price: 490 USD/MWh
Electricity access rate: 9.9 % (2014)
Electricity system was almost totally destroyed during the war
LEC resumed activities in 2006 and in 2010 signed a 5 year
management contract with Manitoba Hydro of Canada
The end of the rehabilitation work and the commissioning of the 88
MW Mount coffee Hydro dam started in December 2016
38 MW of fuel-oil capacity commissioned in 2016
22 Guinea-Bissau
Installed Capacity: 12.5 MW (2014)
Net Production: 52.8 GWh (2014)
Fuel: Diesel
Utilies: EAGB (State owned)
No existing transmission system. Electricity is
directly delivered to the distribution network
MV: 30/10 kV
Operator: EAGB
Electricity Sales: 28.0 GWh (e) (2014)
Number of Subscribers: 31,000 (2014)
Consumption per capita: 15.2 kWh (2014)
Average price: 263,89 USD/MWh
Electricity access rate: 17.2 % (2014)
EAGB infrastructure is concentrated in Bissau
African Development Bank estimated losses of the electricity system
was 47 % and that the city of Bissau records in average 22 daily
outages per day in 2014
The production peaked in 2011 by reaching 57.7 GWh
Table 3: WCAF power markets dashboard
Sources: International Energy Agency, World Bank, Regulatory agencies, local utilities, statistical Institutes, Central Banks, author’s calculation
by Patrick BABOGA, Msc. Eng .