Piaget And Vygotsky

Piaget And Vygotsky
In my classroom, I use both Piaget and Vygotsky's theories. Piaget outline gives me a general idea as to what a child should be doing at a certain
age and point in their growth. I keep documentation and portfolios on each one of my students. When a child enters my classroom I access where
they are in their developmental stage as well as quarterly. Referring to Piaget's Stages of development helps me keep a somewhat accurate account of
where they should be. It helps me plan cognitive activities for that child also. Vygotsky's theory stress the fundamental role of social interaction in a
child's development. I didn't always support this theory until a few years ago. Vygotsky places considerably more emphasis on social factors
contributing to
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Piaget Essay
Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development
During the 1920s, a biologist named Jean Piaget proposed a theory of cognitive development of children. He caused a new revolution in thinking about
how thinking develops. In 1984, Piaget observed that children understand concepts and reason differently at different stages. Piaget stated children's
cognitive strategies which are used to solve problems, reflect an interaction BETWEEN THE CHILD'S CURRENT DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE
AND experience in the world.
Research on cognitive development has provided science educators with constructive information regarding student capacities for meeting science
curricular goals. Students which demonstrate concrete operational thinking on Piagetian tasks seem to...show more content...
Piaget's states many secondary level science courses taught in the past at the have been too abstract for most students since they are taught in lecture or
reception learning format. Thus, students who only have concrete operational structures available for their reasoning will not be successful with these
types of curricula. Programs using concrete and self–pacing instruction are better suited to the majority of students and the only stumbling block may
be teachers who cannot understand the programs or regard them as too simplistic. Since the teacher is a very important variable regarding the outcome
of the science, the concern level of the teacher will determine to what extent science instruction is translated in a cognitively relevant manner in the
classroom.
Educators who prefer to have children learn to make a scientific interpretation rather than a mythological interpretation of natural phenomena, and one
way to introduce scientific interpretations is to analyze any change as evidence of interaction. One way in which this teaching device can function is if
there is an instructional period of several class sessions in which the students are engaged in "play" with new of familiar materials;
followed by is a suggestion of a way to think about observations; lastly there is a further extermination in

Piaget Case Study Essay
1. Analysis via Piaget's Developmental Stage Theory a. Piaget theorized that cognitive development occurred through four progressive stages as a
child matured and experienced their environment. Based on this case study these students would be at the 2nd stage of Piaget's Developmental Stage
Theory as 1st graders are typically between the ages of 6–7 years old. This stage is known as the Pre–Operational Stage. At this stage, children can
represent their thoughts using simple language and drawings but cannot yet represent their thoughts/world in a more mature/sophisticated way. An
example of this can be seen in how the students physically acted out what had occurred in their favorite T.V. show. In their current developmental
...show more content...
Ms. De la Cruz can apply Piaget's theories to the classroom by first, making sure that the boys understand the basic rules of the playground first. When I
introduce rules in my classroom, I have the students state the rules then we discuss why they are important. Eventually, my students are able to tell me
why we have each rule. As Piaget points out, it is important that students understand basic principals/facts before helping them to make inferences.
Once students fully understand the rules, Mrs. De la Cruz could role play situations that are slightly more abstract to help students see how the rules
apply to different situations, even when those situations might seem harmless (i.e. the playground incident). She should also remember that it is
important to design lessons that encourage self–discovery and create the kind of cognitive conflict/equilibrium that Piaget felt was important to
children's cognitive development. 2. Analysis via Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory a. Vygotsky theorized that cognitive development occurred through
social interactions, in particular interactions within a cultural context and with a more knowledgable other (MKO). In Vygotsky's theory, the MKO
does not have to be an adult; it can be anything that has more knowledge about the topic being learned (i.e. a peer or electric tutor). In this case, it
could be another peer on the playground or the T.V. show itself, especially if it

Piaget's Developmental Stages Essay
Piaget's developmental stages are ways of normal intellectual development. There are four different stages. The stages start at infant age and work all
the way up to adulthood. The stages include things like judgment, thought, and knowledge of infants, children, teens, and adults. These four stages
were names after Jean Piaget a developmental biologist and psychologist. Piaget recorded intellectual abilities and developments of infants, children,
and teens. The four different stages of Piaget's developmental stages are sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational.
Sensorimotor is from birth up to twenty– four months of age. Preoperational which is toddlerhood includes from eighteen months old all the...show
more content...
I handed my infant niece, Harper, a set of keys, thinking she would shake them and giggle at the noise they made. I thought this because in Piaget's
developmental stage, sensorimotor, it states that infants learn from experimenting and their main focus is what is happening in that very moment. My
prediction was correct. As soon as I held the keys in front of her she began to reach for them. Then once I handed the keys to her, she rattled them
making a clanging noise.
The preoperational stage is when infants become older, young children and they are able to think in a more symbolic way. In this stage children start
to learn the difference between real and make believe, past and future. They tend to have more of an imagination as they grow older. Children in the
preoperational stage still are not completely logical with their thinking. They go more off intuition. Do more of what they want to do, not what is the
best thing to do. They are still too young to grasp the concept of cause and effect. They also do not understand time and comparison yet.
My niece, Arianna, plays house and has baby dolls. She pretends like she is a mother to her baby dolls. Even though this is make believe she is
playing the role of a mother to her baby doll. This connects to Piaget's developmental stage of preoperational because her thinking is not completely
logical, but she knows that the baby is not actually real. I think that this is how most little

Piaget Essay
Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development
Jean Piaget was born on August9, 1896, in the French speaking part of Switzerland. At an early age he developed an interest in biology, and by the
time he had graduated from high school he had already published a number of papers. After marrying in 1923, he had three children, whom he studied
from infancy. Piaget is best known for organizing cognitive development into a series of stages– the levels of development corresponding too infancy,
childhood, and adolescence. These four stages are labeled the Sensorimotor stage, which occurs from birth to age two, (children experience through
their senses), the Preoporational stage, which occurs from ages two to six, (motor...show more content...
I remember as a child thinking that the sun and moon followed me as I took a walk. In addition, the child's use of language is not as sophisticated as
it might seem. Children have a tendency to confuse words with the objects they represent. If a child calls a toy block a "car" and I use it to make a
"house", the child may become upset. To children, the name of an object is as much a part of the object as it's size, shape, and color. To the
Preoperational child, insulting words may really hurt. (Coon 107). Consider my preschooler calling each other "baby". To the adult it is an innocent
word, but to the preschooler it is the worst thing they can think of.
Piaget's description of the Preoperational stage also focused on all the other things the preschool–aged child still cannot do. According to Piaget,
egocentrism is a cognitive state in which the child sees the world only from his own perspective, without awareness that there are other perspectives.
(Bee and Boyd 155). The child is not being selfish; rather, she simply assumes that everyone sees the world as she does. I see many examples of ego
egocentrism on a daily basis in the preschool environment and at home. For example, my daughter, Meryl, who is almost five years old, gets a phone
call from her aunt. She begins asking Meryl questions.
Instead of saying "yes" or "no", Meryl simply nods her head.

Jean Piaget Essay
Jean Piaget Introduction
Now known as one of the trailblazers of developmental psychology, Jean Piaget initially worked in a wide range of fields. Early in his career Piaget
studied the human biological processes. These processes intrigued Piaget so much that he began to study the realm of human knowledge. From this
study he was determined to uncover the secrets of cognitive growth in humans. Jean Piaget's research on the growth of the human mind eventually lead
to the formation of the cognitive development theory which consists of three main components: schemes, assimilation and accommodation, and the
stage model. The theory is best known for Piaget's construction of the discontinuous stage model which was based on his study...show more content...
Another big moment came in the from of a book. Piaget names Henry Bergson's L'Evolution Creatrice as the most influential piece of writing he
has ever read in his adult life. From this book Piaget developed a desire for biology to go along with his existing interest in philosophy, epistemology
to be exact. Piaget stated in his first two books that he had ambitions of constructing a structure that addressed the basic questions of epistemology.
However, Piaget's strong initial interest in philosophy declined somewhat when he discovered that the philosophers did not really know any factual
answers to questions that have plagued humanity. Piaget now became equally interested in biology and epistemology. This dual interest attracted him
to psychology, yet he still was unsure of what direction he should take in his career. It was not until Piaget traveled to Paris to hear his favorite writer
of the time, Bergson, that he began to get an idea of what he wanted to do. There Piaget met James M. Baldwin who would motivate him and teach
him the importance of imitation and of reversible operations. Both of these qualities would play a key role in the formation of Piaget's development
theory. However, Piaget's major turning point came when the co–worker of the late Alfred Binet, Dr. Simon, requested that he

Essay on The Theories of Jean Piaget
The Theories of Jean Piaget This essay is about Jean Piaget's theory. Piaget's theory has two main strands: first, an account of the mechanisms by which
cognitive development takes place; and second, an account of the four main stages of cognitive development through which children pass. Piaget
suggested that there are four main stages in the cognitive development of children. In the first two years, children pass through a sensory–motor stage
during which they progress from cognitive structures dominated by instinctual drives and undifferentiated emotions to more organized systems of
concrete concepts, differentiated emotions, and their first external affective fixations. At this stage,...show more content...
The two tendencies are organization, and adaption. Organization as Piaget saw it said that humans are designed to organize their observations and
experiences into logical sets of meanings. This organization of observation makes the thinking process more resourceful. If a person can put the
things they observe in some sort of order the easier it is to remember and apply their observations. If we did not organize our observations and
experiences we would have little bits of information floating around in our brains with no connection between them. Adaption is according to Piaget's
theory is the tendency to adjust to the environment. Adaption is a process by which we create matches between our original observations and new
ones that might not exactly fit together. Our original observations and conceptions are called our schemas. To adapt to new observations and
experiences into our schemas we use one of two techniques. We can take in that information by putting it together with old schemas or conceptions. If
the observations don't fit nicely into our existing schemas we use the second of the adaption techniques. Piaget never said that our schemas had to be
right or wrong. Our schemas are based on our own observations and experiences. We adapt to things because we are driven by the urge to have things
"fit together" or to be in what Piaget calls equilibrium. As we use our adaption

Piaget's Four Stages Of Cognitive Development
Jean Piaget, a cognitivist, believed children progressed through a series of four key stages of cognitive development. These four major stages,
sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational, are marked by shifts in how people understand the world. Although the
stages correspond with an approximate age, Piaget's stages are flexible in that as long as the child is ready they are able to reach a stage. In
kindergarten, many of the stages of both sensorimotor and preoperational stage were easy to find. For instance, the teacher allowed the students to
have a couple minutes of free time. Many of the students chose to go to the tree house play area and began playing house. This is an example of the
sensorimotor stage...show more content...
According to Bergin & Bergin (2012), Piaget also believed that learning involved assimilation and its counterpart, accommodation. Assimilation "is the
process in which children incorporate experiences into mental structures"(Bergin & Bergin, 2012, p. 96) and accommodation is merely modifying
those mental structures. As children assimilate new information into their existing mental structures, they are constructing knowledge. The
construction of new knowledge is a key aspect of Piaget's cognitive development theory. In the freshman history class, they were discussing a war that
happened between a medieval family. One of the students raised their hand, and made a comparison of the battle to a celebrity feud within the
Karadashian family. This is an example of how an older student would use assimilation. They took new information and incorporated it to their existing
knowledge, giving them an overall better understanding of the subject. Overall, Piaget theory of cognitive development could be applied across all the
grades.
Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory
Lev Vygotsky, a socio
–culturists, created the sociocultural development theory. Vygotsky's theory stressed the fundamental role of social interactions
and culture in the development of cognition. According to Bergin & Bergin (2012), Vygotsky strongly believed community and interactions with
competent individuals played a central role in the process of

Jean Piaget
Jean Piaget was a theorist who studied child development; one of the many aspects of early childhood Piaget studied was preoperational thinking.
Preoperational thinking usually occurs from ages 2 through 7 according to Piaget. It's when a child is not able to think logically and perform activities
that require logic. In other words, a child is not yet ready at this stage, to reason many situations. Piaget created many experiments that could help
educators observe and detect the stages and levels of thinking of different children. For this observation, I focused on four aspects of preoperational
thinking; conservation, centration, irreversible thinking, and focus on appearance. Piaget developed a set of tests for children that if failed,...show more
content...
The next experiment covers the concept of centration. Centration is also referred to as egocentrism. This concept is literally being egocentric. A
child at this stage only understands their own perception and point of view of things. "Centration is the tendency to focus on one aspect of the
situation to the exclusion of others." (Berger, 2009, p. 250) In this experiment I placed a doll facing Breanna and I, and a block behind the doll. I
asked Breanna what it was that she saw placed on the table, and she answered " A doll and a block", then I asked her, "Can the doll see the block?"
Breanna said, "No, she cant see the block because she's facing us. She needs to turn around if she wants to look at the block." Breanna is past the stage
of being egocentric. As she gets older, she is able to understand different point of views. Understanding conservation means understanding that the
amount of a substance is conserved even if its shape changes. Piaget said children began to understand this around age 6 and 7. "According to Piaget,
until children grasp the concept of conservation at about age 6 or 7, they cannot understand that the transformations shown here do not change the total
amount.." (Berger, 2009, p. 251) This next experiment is done to demonstrate understanding or lack of

Piaget's Four Stages Of Cognitive Development
Alexis Straub February 21, 2017 Tuesday/Thursday:11:00–12:15 Piaget theory was said to believe that children go through Four stages of Cognitive
Development. Each stage marks development in how children understand the world. Piaget liked to say that children are "little scientist" and that they
explore and make sense of the world around them. Through his observations, Piaget developed a stage theory that included four stages. The
Sensorimotor Stage that begins from birth to age 2, is the first one. The Preoperational stage from age 2 to about 7, and the third stage is the Concrete
Operational stage from the age 7 to 11. Piaget was interested in children's wrong answers that they've given on problems that require logical thinking.
Piaget revealed...show more content...
The child now has some verbal language and an emergency of deferred imitation, where the child may repeat an action done by you or another child
and store the information for a later time. For example, say the child was watching another child using the cups. The other child picked up a stacking
cup, turning it upside down, pouring something into it, and began drinking out of the cup. Another example is, the other child were using the cup, as if
they were phones. If that child saw what action was being done and liked it, that child would later repeat what you did and use them as phones

Piaget's Experiments
Piaget also used small sample groups, using children of well educated parents of high socioeconomic status, therefore making it difficult to
generalise his findings to a larger population due to the unrepresentative sample. A criticism of his earlier clinical interviews include the risk of
leading the child to views he does not possess due to the fact that there are no set questions or set order of presentation. Piaget did recognise this as a
problem and his later work was more rigorous. Peter Bryant (1974) claims that Piaget designed his tasks in such a way that made it difficult for a child
to give correct answers. Bryant conducted a number of experiments by

Real Play and Piaget Essay examples
Real Play
"Play that is initiated and directed by children and that bubbles up from within the child rather than being imposed by adults is disappearing from our
landscape of childhood. There are many reasons for this, such as long hours spent in front of a TV, fear of "stranger danger" when outside." (Exchange
Every Day, 2009)
Research, past and present, clearly points to the importance of play for the healthy and full development of the young child. Piaget theorized that a
child's mental models, or cognitive structures, are based on the child's activities: engagement makes meaning. Many children today are not benefiting
from a balance of intellect and imagination. Play is declining in our schools and preschools to meet the social...show more content...
What the child does with some assistance today, is what the child will do independently tomorrow. Piaget's and Vygotsky's theories are best known for
their insights into the development of thought processes. Piaget places thinking at the center of child development, Vygotsky's work was concerned with
the development for thinking. While Piaget emphasizes the role of the child's interactions with physical objects in developing mature forms of
thinking. Vygotsky focuses on the child's interactions with people. Piaget views the child as in "independent discoverer", who learns about the world
on his own.
We know that young children develop social skills through play, and that they develop critical thinking skills and language is enriched and vocabulary
increased. Play, especially make–believe play, aids in the child's development of the execution function, which is a key role in the child's ability to
self–regulate. The curriculum "Tools of the Mind" approaches learning as socially mediated by peers and focused on play.
Play, especially opportunities for imaginative play, is

Piaget And Vygotsky

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