Research Methodology For Research Methods Essay

Research Methodology For Research Methods Essay
Survey research methods are one of the most widely used research methods in education. This non–experimental, quantitative research design is most
often used to gather information about the subject's attitude, beliefs, opinions, or similar types of information (McMillian & Schumacher, 2010). With
this method, the researcher selects a sample of subjects and either administers a questionnaire or conducts interviews to collect data from the subjects.
There are several benefits to using surveys in educational research. First of all, the researcher can gather information from a small group of subjects
(the sample), but apply the results to a larger number of people (the population). Additionally, many educational researchers choose survey methods
because of the versatility, efficiency and generalizability that surveys provide (Schutt, 1996). Surveys are versatile, because they have been used in
many different areas of educational research. They are also very cost–efficient and, for the most part, do not require the time that most other methods
do. This makes them popular among researchers. As previously mentioned, the researcher can gather data from a small group of subjects instead of the
entire population, but generalize the results to the population. This, in itself, is a huge benefit when sample generalizability is a goal.
Important Considerations for Survey Research Design
Although survey research design is the most widely used in educational research, it is not the only
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Sampling Methods Essay
Sampling is the framework on which any form of research is carried out. A suitable sample that meets the inclusion and exclusion criteria of a research
design must be chosen from a given population to carry out studies. In this essay comparison is made between stratified random sampling and
convenience sampling. The population on which the researcher is interested in carrying out his or her research may be too large, therefore a suitable
sample which can represent the population in correct proportion must be chosen. Restraints such as limitation of time, resources and many other factors
necessitate the selection of a sample for research purpose so that better quality data is obtained from it and that the researcher can make statement about
...show more content...
The methodological strength and weaknesses of this two sampling methods is discussed in terms of identifying the samples for research, the
representativeness it possesses to the general population, the methods and the outcome. Stratified random sampling is a probability sampling where the
selection of sampling unit is left to a random process, all units in the sample has an equal and non–zero chance of being selected on a probability
ground or chance and not on the choice or judgement of the researcher (Sim,J and Wright,C. 2000,). Convenience sampling is an example of non
probability sampling where the selection of the units is not by chance, rather it is dependent on the researcher's judgement, the researcher decides the
samples to be included in the study which may be subject to availability, time, individual preferences etc. The probability of selection of a particular
sampling unit may or may not be known. Stratified random sampling is commonly done in quantitative researches. When the samples reflect the
characteristics of the target population in the same proportion; assumptions can be made on generalizing the data acquired from these samples provided
it has been done correctly, since it is statistically representative (Sim,J and wright,C.,2000) but sampling error

Research Methods
Introduction of research and research methods
What is research method? As a matter of fact, according to Saundra et al. (2003), the term method in the entire research process or project can be
considered as tool or technique which help researcher obtain, collect and analyze data or different types of information. To be more specific, Saundra
et al. (2003) point out that in order to fulfill different research projects and objectives, couples of methods have to be properly utilized, in this case,
these approaches usually include questionnaire, observation and interviews. What is the nature of research? Saundra et al. (2003) argued that the
genuine research should be defined as a project that the outcomes or objectives can be obtained and...show more content...
The quantitative data is usually collected from number or numerical data such as ration or frequency rate, on the contrary, the qualitative data is
acquired from non–standardized recording. The quantitative data can be visualized through different graphics such as table, diagram. The qualitative
data, however can be demonstrated through statement and conceptualization.
Introduction and review of research project and research process
The research project is about the use the catering facility in catering outlets in city campus of SHU. In order to achieve the research task and
objectives, the researcher was mainly using three research methods–observation, interview and questionnaire in terms of collecting relevant data and
statistics.
Observation
The researcher chose the use of catering facility as the observation topic and set the observation place at one of catering outlet which is in the first
floor of Furnival Building and a detailed record of the entire observation was made, The time span of this observation is about 15 minute and the time
when this observation was undertaken is in afternoon. The final data that derived from observation is quantitative–based data and more concerned with
the frequency of each action and behavior.
According to Saunders et al. (2003), there are two types of observation and each of them is responsible for collecting different types of

Research methods Essay
Research method
To gain my secondary information I used such sources as the Internet, books and midwifery journals. My secondary information will consist of the
benefits of breast–feeding for the mother and baby, the benefits of bottle–feeding for the mother and baby as well as statistics on breast–feeding. All
information that I have gained for my secondary data is all reliable, because it has come from recommended sites, books and journals that have been
approved from the Government or from hospitals and doctors themselves.
There are many research methods used to gain information, but it is important to use the right one to ensure that you get the best results possible.
One method that is used is experiment; this is where you play an...show more content...
The disadvantages are that it can be very time consuming, there is a possibility of you getting too involved and losing your objective and that your
findings may not be generalised because you are only watching a selected few. The main reason I did not chose this as my research method is,
because I would not be allowed to be actively involved in a mother breast–feeding her child.
A structured interview is where you interview a person and ask set questions to them. The advantages are it can be replicated easily with different
people, because you have set questions, the questions can be explained and the answer can be recorded. The disadvantages are the interviewees
may lie, the answers can lack depth and the choice of answers can be limited. I chose not to do a structured interview because it is a small sample
of answers and it is possible that my social characteristics may influence the interviewees' answers. This is because I wish to prove my hypothesis I
may have an some of my characteristics may show that, such as the way I speak or look at them when asking a question. This would leave my results
as unreliable because I personal effected them.
Another method of researching is an unstructured interview, which is where an interview is conducted on the topic area and it has no set questions.
The advantages are the topic is explored in depth, you are able to explore

Research Methods Essay
Quantitative and Qualitative are said to be systematic in different design. Both design have to follow a process system that involved defining a
principle of research.
General speaking, quantitative research is thought to be objective, however qualitative research often involves a subjective element. There are
differences designs in qualitative research in comparison to quantitative research. Qualitative research involves words, pictures, or objects; Quantitative
involves data in the form of numbers and statistics.
However, the researcher uses in–depth interviews in qualitative research to find out how the subjects view their world. In quantitative research the
researcher uses precise measurement to predict hypotheses. Whereas,...show more content...
Qualitative research is conducted in a natural setting and attempts to understand a human problem by developing a holistic narrative and reporting
detailed views of informants about the culture of a problem. It forms a report with pictures and words. One of the most important distinctions that sets
qualitative research apart from more traditional types of research is that qualitative research is holistic in that researchers study phenomena in their
entirety rather than narrowing the focus to specific defined variables" (p. 93). Similarly, Cresswell (1984) indicated that qualitative research "is
defined as an inquiry process of understanding a social or human problem, based on building a holistic picture, formed with words, reporting detailed
views of informants, and conducted in a natural setting" (p. 2). Cresswell's definition clearly delineates the major characteristics of qualitative research.
Pg. 50 (Smith & Davis, 2010). Pg. 51 (Smith & Davis, 2010). "How do researchers evaluate trustworthiness?" Guba and Lincoln (1994) proposed that
trustworthiness could be judged by the following criteria: conformability, dependability, credibility, and transferability.
For Example, Qualitative researchers use conformability, dependability, credibility, and transferability to evaluate the trustworthiness of a qualitative
research report. In order to prevent researcher bias they can have other researchers point out

Mba
MBA TAKE HOME ESSAY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON RESEARCH METHODS 1. Identify the most appropriate study design for the
research proposal you are Planning to develop. A study design is the procedure that guides a researcher on how to collect, analyze and interpret
observations. It is a logical model that guides the investigator while he navigates through the various stages of the research. Study types can be
classified severally depending on the research strategy employed. A study type can be non–interventional that is 'observational' where a researcher just
observes and analyses researchable objects or situations without intervening. Non–interventional study designs can be exploratory, descriptive or
comparative. A study can also be...show more content...
Having already identified the non–intervention study type as the most appropriate study type for my research proposal, I will also employ the use of a
descriptive study design to explore the current patterns of policies and strategies concerning employee empowerment in Merchant Bank Ghana Limited.
2. Describe the various data collection techniques and state their uses and limitations. Data Collection is a vital aspect of any type of research study.
Erroneous data collection can impact the results of a study and ultimately lead to invalid results. Data collection methods for impact evaluation vary
along a scale. At the one end of this scale are quantitative methods and at the other end of the scale are Qualitative methods for data collection.
Choosing a particular data collection method will depend on the accuracy of information they will yield and the practical considerations, such as, the
need for personnel, time, equipment and other facilities, in relation to what is available Quantitative Collection Methods Quantitative data collection
involves the use of numbers to assess information. This information can then be evaluated using statistical analysis which offers researchers the
opportunity to dig deeper into the data and look for greater meaning. The Quantitative data collection methods rely on random sampling and structured
data collection instruments that fit varied experiences

Essay on Research Methodology
3. Methodology: 3.1 Introduction: The study for this thesis will be exploratory research using secondary data collected by the communication agency,
MESH Planning. The agency developed an innovative approach called 'real–time experience tracking', which involves three stages of data collection.
And both qualitative and quantitative data will be collected and used in this context in order to get an insight of critical incidents. This section will
start with a comparison of three possible methodologies for data collection: ethnography, survey (or interview) and real time experience tracking. And
then sampling and data collection methods will be examined followed by a description of data analysis. 3.2 Research approach selection:...show more
content...
They are much cheaper than ethnography with a greater effectiveness, however, all of these interviews or surveys were based on the retrospective
data, respondents answered the questions by their memory and the issue may happened for a long time. There could be a great influence on the quality
of data since the ability of respondent to recall information differed from one to another and some incorrect information often occurred (Baker, 2003).
The third approach considered in this study is the real–time experience tracking developed by MESH planning. This is an approach to record
360–degree touchpoints of brand by respondents in real time. There are three stages of data collection. The first stage uses the pre–online questionnaire
to collect information about brand health and relationship quality. The third stage uses the same questions to ask respondents' perception after brand
encounters in order to identify any change. While the second stage for data collection is the most crucial process in the approach. Respondents are
asked to send SMS message to report any brand encounter via mobile phones. And the online diary also helped to expand these experiences (Willis et
al 2010). Meanwhile, for identifying the CIs, weekly questionnaire will be sent to respondents about the CIs happened in the past week. The approach
offers a holistic view to track customer experience as well as identifying critical incidences. The real–time tracking approach enabled to identify a

Exploring A Research Method? Essay
Exploring a Research Method
Introduction
Seeking for explanations to an in–depth understanding of the nature of the life are commonly known as the characteristics of humans in this universe.
Therefore, always turn their concept into myth or religion, whether these justifications and comprehensions were the possession of special chosen
people or available to all through some communication arrangement. There have been always solutions to those who, what, when, where, and why
questions. A great number of explanations were supported with the evidence and were considered fact and others are need the time to probe and
become the knowledge. In the western world, organized religion surpassed myth and traditional knowledge as the accepted belief, however, during the
Enlightenment period science started to give pressure on the orthodoxy belief as the path to end the truth. Nowadays, humans are believed to live in a
postmodern era where several of these ideas coexist (Mutch, 2013).
In educational approaches or paradigms worldwide, the researchers recognize the three major educational approaches namely quantitative research,
qualitative research and mixed methods. In early 1980s, quantitative research was the commonly acknowledged research paradigms in scholastic
research, when the "paradigm wars" between advocates of quantity and quality research grasp a first–hand peak (Guba, 1990; Tashakkori & Teddlie,
1998 in Christensen 2008, p.33).
The quantitative research approach

Essay on Understanding Research Methods
As part of my research methods assignment, I have been asked to carry out a reading to identify and discuss different research methods in two
different research studies and provide a critical and literary review of the same articles. The first text is called "Women in the Boardroom: Symbols
and Substance?" .This paper proposes if women and minorities add a valuable new perspective that results in an enhanced corporate performance. The
second is called "Knife crime statistics". This paper summarises the available statistics that relate to knife crime. To achieve a good grade, I have been
ask to complete five different tasks that consist in: identify and discuss the use of the seven different methods, the strengths and weakness of three of
I believe in the reliability of this information because it belongs to the Police and the Office for National statistics. The information was up to date at
the moment of its publication but we miss a year from 2012 to 2013 so that gap would make the information invalid and out to date. Secondary: is
second–hand information or the interpretation of information. I found an example of Secondary research in the article Women on the Boardroom, page
8, lines 13–15. Despite that the content refers to a primary research data; the information doesn't belong to the author, he used it to support a
statement and the information was evaluated later. According to this study there is no relationship between board diversity and firm performance.
This information was gathered by the examination of 500 Danish companies. I think that the issue of low number of women in senior roles is not
about the talent it is about the gender. I believe in provide equal opportunities and the promotion to people based on merit rather than on selection
criteria that are based on quotas derived on the gender and the way we look. However, I don't think these studies are fair because most of the boards
are construct by men, so the opinion obviously will be the same; no relation between performance and gender, the only studies that offer different
views are mix boards constructed by males and females, minorities. I do not doubt of the

Qualitative Research Methods Essay
Question 1 Compare and contrast the following qualitative research methods: case study, phenomenological, and grounded theory. Synthesize the
findings and determine which is best suited to a study on your potential dissertation topic. Analyze the issues associated with sample selection, validity,
and bias in such a study.
Qualitative Research Methods
Introduction
It is common for researchers to compare qualitative and quantitative research methods. Quantitative methods originate from positivist and post–
positivist research paradigms. Also, the methods objectively examine statistical data to determine cause and affect and often use generalizable data.
There are various methods used in quantitative research such as surveys,...show more content...
Thus, this method gives a researcher an in–depth understanding of the participants' experiences using qualitative inquiry to determine the why, when,
where, what, and how of the study. Qualitative research is subject to judgments about the data and synthesizes the findings using specialized
approaches such as experimental or non–experimental. Researchers often opt to use non–experimental approaches in studies using surveys, interviews,
observations, and case studies. Even though an experimental approach is appropriate in quantitative research, it further enables researchers to find
answers and collect data (Bagozzi & Yi, 2012). This approach is unique in its hypotheses and the study of behavior, making it valid and reliable.
They are five types of approaches to select within qualitative research: case study, ethnography, phenomenology,grounded theory, and narrative
research. Each research method is distinct in its approach towards inquiry within the qualitative paradigm in terms of appearance, conditions, focus, and
theories (Creswell, 1998). There are also similarities in these approaches such as characteristics and assumptions concerning the context of the study.
This research evaluates each approach and determines that the phenomenology method is best suited for the study of women in leadership and the
challenges they face climbing the

Introduction
The qualitative and quantitative research methods are typically applied in the field of social research. There has been a lot of debate on the relative
advantages between the two designs among researchers almost more than on any other issue of methodology. The quantitative research design
encompasses methods which focus on numbers, that is, quantities. The data collected in this design is usually in numbers which are then analyzed
using statistical and mechanical methods. This design is highly associated with the field of science such as in practical done in a laboratory (Gall et al
2003). On the other hand, qualitative design normally uses words to explain wider concepts that cannot be captured mathematically such as...show more
content...
This research method seeks to experiment on certain issues upon which it seeks to come up with universal generalizations (Timmons 2005).
Qualitative Method
Unlike in the previous method, this research method involves collecting, interpreting and analyzing information by observing and listening to people.
This method normally looks for meanings of concepts. It attempts to seek description and characteristic of things including feelings, attitudes, symbols
and signs (Schostac 2006). This method is generally subjective and normally employs purposeful sampling where specific respondents are targeted. The
questions in this method are generally open and the respondent is not limited to the kind of information that he can give. To obtain relevant
information, in depth interviews are normally conducted. The information obtained in this method is assumed to reflect a reality on the ground since
the method usually expresses results based on the actual response generated by respondents.
Differences
One common difference between the two is that quantitative method is objective while qualitative is subjective. This implies that the quantitative
method attempts to come up with specific conclusions based on their data finding. For instance, a study on abuse of drugs among 16 year olds in the
US may be concluded to say that 2 out of every 5 under 16's are exposed tom alcohol before they join high school (Timmons, 2005). On the other hand,

Essay on Research methods exam
Chapter 1: Introduction to research
1. Business research can be described as a systematic and organized effort to investigate a specific problem, encountered in the work setting that needs a
solution.
*a. T
b.F
2. Research done with the intention of applying the results of the findings to solve specific problems currently being experienced in an organization is
called basic research.
a.T
*b. F
3. Research done chiefly to make a contribution to existing knowledge is called basic, fundamental, or pure research.
*a.T
b.F
4. Applied research is not scientific in nature.
a. T
*b. F
5. Fundamental research has little practical relevance.
a. T
*b. F 6. Managers with knowledge of research have an...show more content...
a.T
*b. F

12. A disadvantage of engaging in an internal team to do the research project is that, in view of their long tenure as internal consultants, the internal
team may quite possibly fall into a stereotyped way of looking at the organization and its problems.
*a.T
b. F
13. A disadvantage of engaging in an internal team to do the research project is that certain organizational biases of the internal research team might in
some instances make the п¬Ѓndings less objective and consequently less scientific.
*a.T
b. F
14. An advantage of engaging in an external team to do the research project is that the external team can draw on a wealth of experience from having
worked with different types of organizations that have had the same or similar types of problems.
*a.T
b. F
15. Ethics in business research refers to a code of conduct or expected societal norm of behavior while conducting research.
*a.T
b. F
16. Ethical conduct applies to the researchers who undertake the research, but not to the respondents who provide them with the necessary data.
a.T
*b.F
17. The main distinction between applied and basic business research is that the former is specifically aimed at solving a currently experienced
problem, whereas the latter has the broader objective of generating knowledge and understanding of phenomena and problems that occur in

Essay on Research Methods
(Zikmund, 2003) states that exploratory research should be used to clarify ambiguous problems. Management may have discovered general problems
but research is needed to gain better understanding of the dimensions of the problems.
This study aims at exploring and delving into the underlying factors of why organisations struggle to attract and retain talent using the employer brand.
The challenges of talent management are well known and are applicable to all players, there is a possibility that other drivers are at play and therefore
warrant the need to explore.
(Leedy & Ormond, 2005) asserts that qualitative research answers the questions we cannot skim across the surface. They focus on phenomena that
occur in natural settings – the...show more content...
The ultimate goal is to learn about a large population by surveying a sample of that population.
In order to gain additional insights into the conceptual framework and to further clarify the concepts and effects anticipated in literature, a preliminary
research in the form of semi–structured, in–depth interviews will be undertaken. A semi structured interview allows the researcher to follow standard
questions with one or more individually tailored questions to get clarification or probe a person's reasoning. Respondents will be current employees of
a SA financial institution. The semi structured in–depth interviews will be undertaken to provide detailed insights into the nature of each concept, and
to assist in the development of a relevant framework.
3 focus groups interviews comprising of 8 – 10 people will be conducted with current employees. The semi structured in–depth interview will be
conducted on site (at the bank), using open ended questions and data and responses will be captured using a recording device. The respondents will be
recruited through a referral based convenience sample utilising a snowballing technique. Current employees are chosen because they were once
engaged with the recruitment process and are still engaged with the retention process, allowing them to provide informed comments on the topic at
hand. In

This following chapter seeks to show how the research is to be carried out. It focuses on methods/techniques to be used in conducting the research, the
logic behind the methods employed, and justifications for each of the approaches/techniques. It focuses on the different ways of gathering information
and data. A review of the literature reviewed in chapter two has helped to determine the types of methodology that are suitable for this study. In addition
this chapter brings out the sampling methods that have been adopted, the research design, as well as justification for the use of other research
methodology adopted. 3.1 Research design Burns et al (2010) describe the research design to 3.2 Target population In research, population refers to all
the subjects or candidates who are of interest to the researcher. Best and Khan (1993) go further to say that population is any group of individuals that
have one or more characteristics in common that are of interest to the research. It in this line of thinking that in this study the target population is the
clients of all Microking Finance branches in Zimbabwe. It is important to distinguish between the desired target population and the defined target
population. The desired target population is the population of interest to the research. This research mainly targeted small business enterprises (which
is the desired population), but actually those that get their funding from Microking Finance (which forms the

The Importance Of Research Methods In Research
Two hundred and eight participants will be recruited from one regional secondary school college in Melbourne, Australia. The age of the respondents
will range between 11 and 17 (average age of 14.53). The students will be separated in three groups according to their school year (first, third, and fifth
year) for data collection. Although there will be a significant difference regarding the age group means, there will not be a significant difference with
respect to the gender within the age groups or for the whole group. By selecting participants from the same environment, and comparing results in
accordance to age with no significant differences in gender, individual characteristics will thus be minimized. Upon the receipt of consent on...show
more content...
The other 4 will measure the physiological response (0 representing "none" to 4 representing "extremely") when anticipating social situations. A
total score of fear, avoidance and physiology will be obtained ranging from 0 to 72 as the maximum. Higher scores are associated with high level of
SA. As suggested by the BSPS, any score above 20 will be considered as socially anxious. This questionnaire has been proved to be a reliable, valid and
sensitive measure (Davidson, Miner, et al., 1997). Self–esteem will be measured using the Rosenberg Self–Esteem Scale (RSES; Rosenberg, 1965).
The questionnaire consists of 10 items about the self, equally positively and negatively worded, each ranked on a four–point scale ranging from 0
(strongly disagree) to 3 (strongly agree). When added up, the score can range from 0 to 30. Higher scores indicate a higher level of self–esteem. Scores
between 15–25 are evaluated as normal, and scores below 15 represent low self–esteem. The RSES has proved to be reliable and valid to assess explicit
global self–worth (Gray–Little et al., 1997). Social skills will be measured using the Social Skills Rating Scale (SSRS; Gresham & Elliott, 1990). This
norm–referenced test assesses Social Skills and Problem Behaviors. The present study will use the student (secondary, grades 7–12) and the parent
version (SSRS–Parent). The student version consists of

Different Types Of Research Method Essay
There are two types of research method which are qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative Research is primarily exploratory research. For this
research, qualitative method is using with the secondary data to focus on industry perceptions because it's used to gain an understanding of underlying
reasons, opinions, and motivations. The Last Planner workshops and seminars are designed to introduce participants to the five elements of the Last
Planner: All construction sites over the world will need to decide the master scheduling for consider lean or not lean. Milestones are set and strategy
chosen (Koskenvesa and Koskela 104) with the help some key trades. The purpose of this is to: пѓ Demonstrate the feasibility of completing the work
within the available time пѓ Display an execution strategy that can serve as a basic coordinating device пѓ Determine when long lead items will be
needed Pull Planning is a phase "carried out in collaboration between different teams and subcontractors" and it "ensures that the best order of tasks is
determined, and thus the risk of unforeseen interference between tasks is diminished" (Koskenvesa and Koskela 104). It is means that company should
bring all the staff which is subcontractors, foreman, etc. to put all into a room for pull a schedule backwards and identify any constraints. Phase
scheduling is a collaborative planning process, where the team: пѓ Defines a project phase or milestone пѓ Breaks it down into constituent activities
пѓ Schedules

Qualitative Research On Research Methods Essay
This type of research methods involve describing in detail specific situation using research tools like interviews, surveys, and Observations. Qualitative
Research is primarily exploratory research. It is used to gain an understanding of underlying reasons, opinions, and motivations. It provides insights into
the problem or helps to develop ideas or hypotheses for potential quantitative research. Qualitative Research is also used to uncover trends in thought
and opinions, and dive deeper into the problem. Qualitative data collection methods vary using unstructured or semi–structured techniques. Some
common methods include focus groups (group discussions), individual interviews, and participation/observations. The sample size is typically small,
and respondents are selected to fulfill a given quota. so it is useful for each and every methods.
Quantitative
This type of research methods requires quantifiable data involving numerical and statistical explanations. Quantitative Research is used to quantify the
problem by way of generating numerical data or data that can be transformed into usable statistics. It is used to quantify attitudes, opinions, behaviors,
and other defined variables – and generalize results from a larger sample population. Quantitative Research uses measurable data to formulate facts and
uncover patterns in research. Quantitative data collection methhelloys face–to–face interviews, telephone interviews, longitudinal studies, website
interceptors, online

Research Methods and Design Essays
Abstract
Using required reading, discussions, and quizzes for references, I have produced in this assignment a scholarly document that addresses three topic
areas: (a) philosophy of research, (b) core concept for research design, and (c), other approaches to research. I assessed explicit knowledge–base
description of key concepts and questions related to the topic area. The purpose of this assignment was to demonstrate necessary proficiency in
identification, articulation, and application, of related components characteristic of the social sciences.
According to Lodico, Spaulding and Voegtle (2010), appliedresearch is research assessing the value and efficacy of particular educational practices. The
The philosophy of social research is therefore a component of the philosophy of social science, but also an important subject area that reciprocally
connect methodology and method (Williams, 2006). Consequently, many philosophical ideals have been informed by other philosophical and
theoretical trends. For example, empirical research is described as studies in which a research question has been examined by methodologically
collecting and analyzing data. This section of the study describes the persons or groups participating in the study and the methods used for the study.
An initial review of the literature included produces information on the variable and operational definitions that quantitative research on the topic has
analyzed as well as the meanings considered in qualitative studies. Based on the reviews, the researcher formulates a research question that is further
differentiated and modified as the review of literature proceeds (Lodico, Spaulding & Voegtle, 2010). In addition, empiricism embraces the idea that
testing observation for veracity is central, and that most knowledge is learned through observation and experience. Ultimately, this learned knowledge
leads to a series of interrogatory assumptions. The aforementioned process supports the idea that empirical research informs quantitative research
methodology. Consequently,

Research Methods
Psychological Factors Heather Mingee Research Methods Week 10 Assignment 2 Instructor Joseph Davis Psychological Factors The scientific
method is an organized way of figuring something out and normally includes six parts (Galgas, 2014). The first step is to state my purpose. For
example, for this assignment, my purpose would be to examine the psychological factors affecting how teenagers in an impoverished urban area
spend their time outside of school. Second is my research. For my assignment, I would find out as much information on the area as possible. For
example, I would talk to teachers to see what kind of after school programs are available and I would talk to the community to find out what kind of
community programs are...show more content...
A null hypothesis is a statement that there is no actual relationship between variables (Meenakshi, 2012). For example, my null hypothesis would state
that there is no relationship between how much free time a child has and how much legal trouble they get into. There are several reasons why it is
important to adhere to ethical norms in research. First, norms promote the aims of research, such as knowledge, truth, and avoidance of error. For
example, prohibitions against fabricating, falsifying, or misrepresenting research data promote the truth and avoid error. Second, since research often
involves a great deal of cooperation and coordination among many different people in different disciplines and institutions, ethical standards promote
the values that are essential to collaborative work, such as trust, accountability, mutual respect, and fairness. For example, many ethical norms in
research, such as guidelines for authorship, copyright and patenting policies, data sharing policies, and confidentiality rules in peer review, are designed
to protect intellectual property interests while encouraging collaboration. Most researchers want to receive credit for their contributions and do not
want to have their ideas stolen or disclosed prematurely. Third, many of the ethical norms help to ensure that researchers can be held

Research Methodology For Research Methods Essay

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