Pakistan Role In War On Terror

Pakistan Role in War on Terror
Background
The events of September 11 impacted international polices and the regional situation within Pakistan necessitated change to its internal policies.
Pakistan found that it had no risk–free options: all polices were full of danger and risk of varying degrees. The test was to adopt such a policy and
course of action that could minimize the risk and offered the best possible option in the given circumstances.
Geo–strategic location of Pakistan and links with Taliban administration absolved Pakistan to remain unaffected immediately after the attack. Moreover
Pakistan was among the three countries, which recognized the Taliban government. Any effort of US and World coalition against Taliban could not
have been succeeded without active...show more content...
More than 500 US soldiers have lost their lives in Afghanistan, and on the other hand US has also spent billions of dollars in Afghan War. But still
they are unable to achieve any considerable success in Afghanistan. Use of force in Afghanistan and in Pakistani Tribal Areas has caused thousands of
civilian casualties. Situation in most parts of Afghanistan is out of the US control. New Obama Administration should work with Pakistan government
for the peaceful settlement of these issues, dialogue and reconciliation efforts can only bring peace and stability in the region. In coming paragraphs
Pakistan's role in War on Terror will be discussed briefly.
Targeting and Capturing Al–Qaeda Insurgents
Pakistan has played a crucial role in the War against Terrorism. It has been a key ally in this war. It is a hard fact that US cannot win this war without
the support of Pakistan. Pakistan's geographical proximity with Afghanistan made it more important for the United States. Pakistan shares long border
with Afghanistan which is mostly consists of rugged mountainous terrain, and it is difficult for surveillance. After the US attack, flux compelled people
from Afghanistan to get refuge in Pakistan; they have centuries old linkages Pakistani tribal areas and moved freely. In this backdrop Taliban and some
Al–Qaeda remnants also found refuge
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Past Present And Future Of Pakistan Essay
Pakistan (Past, Present & Future)
Pakistan, a country which was created to protect the rights of the Muslims living in the sub–continent. There have been many sacrifices made to turn
Qaid e Azams vision into reality. This country has been through different phases of development in its 67 years. It has seen both ups and downs.
Pakistan is famous for many of its natural resources be it man power, minerals etc. Its army is ranked at number 8 in the world. However, Pakistan is
not doing good when it comes to international relations. There are numerous reasons to support this statement but the main reason is terrorism.
Fighting the war on terror, Pakistan has been labeled as a terrorist country, a country that is against world's peace. Before getting into further detail, one
should know the history of Pakistan.
History: (How...show more content...
They should promote their own private sector instead of importing goods from other countries. Pakistan imports are more than its exports which simply
shows a trade deficit. In order to change this deficit into a trade surplus, Pakistan domestic industry should be promoted.
Poverty: Poverty in Pakistan is the main reason why people are demotivated, they fail to utilize their talent to its full capacity as they know that in
the end they won't be paid enough to live a happy life. Government should provide people with good jobs and with a decent salary. The government
should also give pensions to people above 60. Government should subsidize basic commodities so that poor people can afford them. Education should
be free so that people can send their children to schools instead of sending them on roads to beg.
Overpopulation: People of Pakistan should be educated about the damage which overpopulation causes to a developing country like Pakistan. The
government should impose laws like once child policy in order to stop this problem of

Cross Border Terrorism And Kashmir
Cross border terrorism in Kashmir
Since the beginning, Pakistan's two nations theory that The Hindu and Muslim cannot stay together in one umbrella, led to partition of India and birth
of Pakistan. Jammu & Kashmir as an unfinished agenda of partition and consider that being Muslim majority state contiguous with its territory should
be part of Pakistan. After losing three battle (in 1947–48, 1965, 1971 and Kargil conflict in 1999) on the name of the accession of Jammu and Kashmir
with Pakistan, they failed. Pakistan very well knows that in conventional war they will never accession Jammu and Kashmir; they approached the low
conflict intensity war with India by using sub–national actors as a relatively cheap and easy way to keep Indian forces to tie down and to balance the
conventional asymmetry, for which even death is a laser price to pay. Former Pakistan's foreign minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, in a fiery speech
delivered at UN Security Council, condemned India's aggression and declared his nations intend to "fight for thousand years." Zia's policy took shape
after General Zia–ul–Haq had deposed Bhutto in coup in July 1977, assuming the office of President of Pakistan, he embarked on a new policy to
promote terrorism in India through 'a thousand cuts in Kashmir.' The single act has brought a conceptual change in the Terrorism warfare theory where
idea terrorism has been used. Radical changes have taken place in the way in which terrorist acts could be committed against

Current Political and social problems of Pakistan!!
Introduction
Pakistan these days is facing an immense crisis in political, social and economic drawback, recently Pakistan is passing through a series of chronic
and painful problems include political, socioeconomic, energy crises, security, uncertainty in Balochistan, day to day suicide bombing, foreign Drones
attacks and worst situation of law and order in FATA and NWFP. These all are brain blasting and heart pinching for all true Pakistanis.
Pakistan has been facing many crisis and problems since the time of its independence, but today the number of problems has multiplied to an extreme.
From the basic necessities like food, clothes and shelter to the security of lives.
Categorizing...show more content...
An update of the five censuses is as under:
|Census Year |Definition ofLiteracy |Literacy Rate |
|1951 Census |One who can read a clear print |16.4% |
| |in any language. | |
|1961 Census |One who is able to read with understanding a simple |16.3% |
| |letter in any language | |
|1972 Census |One who is able to read and write in some language |21.7% |
| |with understanding | |
|1981 Census |One who can read newspaper and |26.2% |
| |write a simple letter | |
|1998 Census |One who can read a newspaper |43.9% |
| |and write a simple letter, in any language. | |
Present Literacy and Illiteracy Rate:
The average increase in

Effect of Terrorism on Pakistan Economy
ECONOMIC COST OF TERRORISM: A CASE STUDY OF PAKISTAN
Arshad Ali *
The world is currently confronting terrorism in different manifestations. After the 9/11 terrorist events, the phenomenon of terrorism has abruptly
changed the socioeconomic and geopolitical situation of the world. Terrorist groups have linkages with each other and are utilising each otherвЂџs
areas for recruitment and training, exchanging illegal weapons, engaging in joint planning and ventures, and also providing administrative and other
logistic support. Pakistan is also facing the menace of terrorism which is eroding the countryвЂџs social structure, economic development and political
system. The acts of terrorism are threatening PakistanвЂџs law and order situation,...show more content...
Humanitarian aid. Conflict affectees, IDPs and refugees.
Fiscal costs. Including the impact on revenue and programmes for growth and to rebuild society. Economic costs. Reduced investment, flight of capital
and lower growth rate.
Social costs. The impact on living standards, including health, education and wider aspects of vulnerability, taking into account the fact that conflict
often harms the poor most. Cultural costs. and long–lasting. Impact on social conventions and structures, which is often severe
Source: "Estimating Conflict Cost: The Case of North West Frontier Province and Pakistan (Draft for Discussion)", cppr.edu.pk/download
/Estimating%20Conflict%20Cost%20–2009–08–20.pdf
There are some other factors as well which must be taken into account, including compensation to the aggrieved parties and destroyed private
infrastructure and expenses. Moreover, the cost of dislocation of population and missed opportunities, along with the psychosocial cost, trauma, loss of
loved ones and mental illness must also be factored in such cost assessments.
Consequences of terrorism

The burden on a State managing a terrorism problem may be enormous, serious and unmanageable and has severe consequences on its economic
outlook. Nevertheless, some of the economic consequences of terrorism are tabled below:
Economic Dimension Economic growth.
Effect
Negative, sometimes falls dramatically.
Exports.

Essay on Terrorism
Terrorism is the use or threat of violence to create fear and alarm. Terrorists murder and kidnap people, set off bombs, hijack airplanes, set fires, and
commit other serious crimes. But the goals of terrorists differ from those of ordinary criminals. Most criminals want money or some other form of
personal gain. Most terrorists commit crimes to support political causes.
The word terrorism first appeared during the French Revolution (1789–1799). Some of the revolutionaries who seized power in France adopted a policy
of violence against their enemies. The period of their rule became known as the Reign of Terror.
Features of terrorism. Terrorist acts are committed for various reasons. Some individuals and groups that use terrorism...show more content...
They often threaten to kill the hostages if their demands are not met. Some terrorism involves the intentional release of toxic chemicals, poisons, germs,
or other harmful substances. Bombings make up about half of all terrorist acts.
Terrorism may cross national boundaries. A quarrel in one nation may produceterrorist attacks in several other countries. Some governments secretly
support certain terrorist groups by providing weapons, training, and money for attacks in other countries.
Most terrorist groups fail to achieve their long–range political goals. Governments fight terrorism by refusing to accept terrorist demands and by
increasing security at airports and other likely targets. Some countries train special military units to rescue hostages. All terrorist acts are crimes under
international law.
History of terrorism. Terrorist tactics have been used for centuries. An American group, the Ku Klux Klan, used violence to terrorize blacks and their
sympathizers in the late 1800's and the 1900's. In the 1930's, the dictators Adolf Hitler of Germany, Benito Mussolini of Italy, and Joseph Stalin of the
Soviet Union used terrorism to discourage opposition to their governments. In Northern Ireland, Roman Catholic and Protestant extremists have used
violence to push for, respectively, the end of, or the continuation of, British rule.
Some terrorist groups in the 1960's sought the destruction of the political and

Democracy in Pakistan
DEMOCRACY IN PAKISTAN
OUTLINES
1.Introduction
2.What is democracy?
3.Nature of democracy.
4.Beginning of democracy
5.Democracy since creation
6.Causes of failure of democracy
7.Impacts of democracy
8.Measures for the survival of democracy
9.Conclusion
"The essence of democracy is its assurance that people should so respect himself and should be so respected in his own personality that he should have
opportunity equal to that of every other human being to show what he was meant to become."
Ana Garlin Spencer
Democracy is the most powerful foam of government. It is also regarded as the decisive foam of government. It requires active participation of people
in the decision making process. Without public collaboration, democracy...show more content...
In Pakistan, democracy faced four military intrusions, which was the menace for democracy.
Massive corruption paved the way for military to intervene in the internal affairs of country. After independence, massive corruption started to great
extent. It gave path to military elite to rule Pakistan.
Lack of accountability is known as threat for any institution. In the absence of accountability no country can maintain its strong foothold. It causes a lot
of trouble. Since inception, Pakistan has been facing the challenge of lack of aacountability.this is main reason of democratic downfall.
Weak infrastructure of Pakistan has been creating a lot of issues. Massive corruption make infrastructure weak and futile. In the presence of corruption
and absence of accountability make infrastructure weak. Weakness of infrastructure is creating constraints in the path of democracy.
Feudalism is threat to democracy. After emergence, feudal class had more power and wealth. This class created barriers in the way of democracy.
Since independence, institutional crises have been viewed. Clash between judiciary and executive class is a threat to democratic practice. Lack of
consensus is making commotion.

A constitutional crisis is regarded as a definite threat to democratic procedure. After independence Pakistan took long seven year in drafting
constitution. Certain pitfall also aroused in the path of drafting constitution.
After

Root Cause of Terrorism in Pakistan
Root Causes of terrorism In Pakistan : Not only Pakistan but the whole world is facing the problems of prevailing terrorist activities in one or some
other form. These activities and attacks are prevailing like the cancer in the whole world that may be the most developed nations or the third world
countries. In Pakistan Some attribute the terrorism and these terrorist activities to the political instability, economic conditions, standard of lives of the
masses. yet others attribute it to the religious extremism of portion of the masses of Pakistan. There is another school of thought that say that the
injustices done by World super powers towards the third world countries and Muslim countries have led the world to this situation and yet...show more
content...
The religion of Islam (Submission), advocates freedom, peace and mutual agreement and admonishes aggression. The following verses make it very
clear.
"And do not aggress; GOD dislikes the aggressors". (Quran 5:87)
"You shall resort to pardon, advocate tolerance, and disregard the ignorant". (Quran: 7:199)
The relations of Muslims (Submitters) with others are based primarily on peace, mutual respect and trust. The theme in the Quran is peace, unless
there is oppression or injustice that cannot be resolved by all the peaceful means available. The true religion of Islam forbids the killing of innocent
people, irrespective of the cause, religious, political or social beliefs.
"...You shall not kill * GOD has made life sacred * except in the course of justice. These are His commandments to you that you may understand."
(Quran 6:151)
"You shall not kill any person * for GOD has made life sacred – except in the course of justice." (Quran17:33)
In Islam, an amazingly powerful emphasis is laid on developing love for mankind and on the vital importance of showing mercy and sympathy towards
every creature of Allah Almighty, including human beings and animals. For indeed, love and true sympathy is the very antidote of terrorism.
Injustice is one of the foremost factors

Pakistan by virtue of its geographic location started its international collaborated in 1990s during the Afghan war. After the war ended, it had to face
the post war consequences as a burden of more than 3 million Afghan refugees, ever growing drug trade in neighborhood as well as Federally
Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) ofPakistan. Indeed the militia which fought against erstwhile USSR in Afghanistan was abruptly abandoned who
found safe haven along Pakistan Afghan borders. After 9/11 the situation got complicated, Pakistan was to be fighting against those who were once
trained in collaboration with CIA. Despite worst domestic pressures, Pakistan continued its commitment to international community in its counter
terrorism efforts. Beside others, Ramzi Yousef and Mir Amal Kansi, the prime perpetrator of terrorists' attacks on World Trade Center and United States
embassies in Africa were apprehended by Pakistan. "Despite being the victim of terrorism itself, Pakistan has been cooperating with the international
community and the US in counterterrorism efforts" . After 9/11 China sought cooperation from Pakistan for counter terrorism and Sino–Pak
cooperation and 'combating terrorism, separatism and extremism' agreements were signed in 2005 and 2006. Meanwhile, Pakistani forces killed Hasan
Mahsum, head of the East Turkestan Islamic Movement and captured many suspecting to carry out terrorist attack in China. Role of Pakistan in its
collaborative efforts fighting terrorism

The Bombing Of Lahore, Pakistan
On Easter Sunday, Lahore, Pakistan was next in a growing list of countries attacked on a large by a suicide bomber in the past six months. The
bombing, later claimed by Taliban affiliate Jamaat–ul–Ahrar, targeted a park populated with Christian women and children celebrating the holiday.
Photos of bloody victims and rescuers soon surfaced as well as first–hand accounts of the explosion. The sheer horror and violent nature of the story
and the photos as well as the constant international attention on terrorism makes the story impactful and fits with the unfortunately familiar narrative
that has developed in the post–9/11 world. The story broke on Easter morning all over the world, and therefore, it fits four of the five criteria that Doris
Graber and Johanna Dunaway set in Mass Media and American Politics for how stories are deemed newsworthy (113–114). However, the final
criterion, proximity, is the significant in regards to how the Lahore bombing was and continues to be covered in mainstream media. Both National
Public Radio (NPR) and Al Jazeera posted articles on Easter Sunday after the bombing, and while many aspects of the articles are the same, there exist
key differences. NPR's status as a semi–publically owned American media company and Al Jazeera's status as a government owned Qatari media
accompany account for those difference in their coverage the Lahore, Pakistan attacks. The revolution of the new news accounts for their similarities.
NPR posted its story,

FUTURE OF TERRORISM IN PAKISTAN
1.The threat of terrorism which existed prior to 9/11 got accentuated and transformed into a potent, dynamic and multi–dimensional phenomenon. As of
today, few countries in the world are threatened by such diverse forms and manifestations of terrorism as we are; both in the present and futuristic
context. There are external influences and there are internal dissentions. While the vested interests of the regional and global players denote one facet,
the socio–political fault lines that exist within, constitute the other dimension of the problem. Finally a large array of foreign and Pakistan based
terrorist organizations with varying agendas; add yet another angle to this complex matrix. The threat of terrorism is thus, dangerous and challenging,
but by no means insurmountable. It simply merits realism in analysis, craft and far sightedness in working out the response and boldness in execution.
2.This paper will provide a definition of terrorism, then it will explore the evolution of terrorism and its future prospects within Pakistan, will carry out
the analysis of counter terrorism strategy of Pakistan and finally recommend the way forward.
3.. Terrorism is an old phenomenon, yet it remains undefined to date. United Nations itself has not been able to come up with a definition for the term
terrorism and as such the international body at best has been using the word very loosely. As per JR Global security resources (2007), thereare

The Consequences of Terrorism Essay
The people of Pakistan have been living in a situation that has been imposed on them, with no doings or contributions of their own. Day in and day
out facing the music of the "war against terrorism", the term, again, imposed on the people of Pakistan who live the "term" as their reality,
disinterested in the background an origin of the term. The western contrived term was first used by used by the American President, George W. Bush,
during tenure trigger of the "war against terrorism" happened. At Camp David George W. Bush in his speech said "This crusade– this war on terrorism
– is going to take a while, ... " and that was the beginning of the frequent use of the term to legitimize and justify the actions taking place that had larger
and...show more content...
the breakdown of the casualties since 2003 is as follows.
Since 2001, Taliban's have been operating in South–Asia, untiringly, firming their ground and hold over several cities and agencies, manipulating their
routine or working, into something that suits the Taliban establishment. in the name of religion Taliban have been attacking schools, have been killing
innocent people in the name of Jihad, spreading terror among masses.
The people of Pakistan consciously and sub–consciously have fallen into the passively and actively imposed lifestyle by the Taliban, controlling the
masses by the power of terror.
The Taliban, following the footsteps and believing in the "Khwarijites" school of thought have been operating the same way, dominating and
controlling the people through fanatic religious ideas and extremist approach towards implementing "sharia" and spreading the word of faith.
"Fanaticism and terrorism have no place in Islam"
–Feisal Abdul Rauf
(American Sufi imam and author and activist whose stated goal is to improve relations between west & Muslim world)
TALIBAN: THEIR EVOLUTION AND STRATEGIES
The intense unrest caused in Afghanistan by the soviet invasion in 1979 and its subsequent spilling over into the neighboring country Pakistan, led to
a series of events that were all part of a larger picture that no one was able to foresee. After the soviet withdrawal, 'Taliban'

Internal Threats to Pakistan
EMERGING DYNAMICS OF INTERNAL THREATS TO NATIONAL SECURITY
Introduction
1.The multifarious threats to the security of Pakistan whether external or internal, have intensified in the 21st century. Unfortunately, no threat posed to
the security of this country since the time of her inception has ever been fully controlled or eradicated. According to Quaid–e–Azam, "Pakistan was a
cyclic revolution without parallel or precedence in history". He wanted to make it a State that was united and powerful, a State where Muslims of the
Subcontinent would live and breathe freely and practice the principles of Islamic social justice. The creation of Pakistan, he repeatedly emphasized,
had limitless possibilities for its people. However, during the...show more content...
The Muslim leaders made it unambiguous to both the Hindus and the British that Muslims were a separate nation. The Pakistan Movement succeeded
on the basis of Islamic ideology and it was only then that the Muslims of the Sub–Continent were able to carve out a separate state for themselves.[2]
Psychosocial Environments At The Time Of Independence
7.Since the time of independence, Pakistan has confronted many dissentions within the society, which emerged out of the following psychosocial
environments existing at that time: –
a.Ideology.Pakistan came into being on the basis of two–nation theory. The clash of nationalism in India was based on a psychological conflict that was
equally fought on the fields of politics as well as in the minds of the Muslims.[3] The hopes, aspirations and desires of the Muslims of India were to
build Pakistan on the basis of Islamic ideology. b.Religious Diversity. Religion was the strongest unifying bond between the Muslims of India at the
time of independence. However, after independence, contrary interpretations of Islam were adopted in different regions. Bengalis at the time of
independence saw Islam in a liberal perspective. The West Pakistanis considered Islam as an integrating force and the main reason for independence.[4]
The differences between East and West Pakistan, the 1953 religious frictions and the recent sectarian violence are all part of a tragic story, which
continue to haunt

Cause And Effect Of Terrorism In Pakistan
TEERORISM AND ITS EFFECTS ON PAKISTAN ECONOMY
1. Gen. In the world Pakistan is a county that is facing one of the most critical conditions of terrorism. Pakistan is on an urge of war against the
terrorism since more than 15 years that has been killed thousands of innocent citizens and several hundred of soldiers and law and enforcement
agencies' personnel during fighting against terrorism. This irritation has not only affected the peoples of Pakistan, but it has been also very bad effects
upon the economy of Pakistan. These things have made the economic situation of the state unsteady and unsecured.
2. Causes of Terrorism. There are many causes of terrorism in Pakistan but main cause of terrorism is poverty and unemployment. Rising poverty is
generating disorder in the brains of deprived. The public stratification and category variation is growing. Resultantly usurpation and aggression are
populating in the people of Pakistan. People could be gotten without any problems, and thus terrorism turned into out of control....show more content...
The real threat to Pakistan economy is from banned organizations like Tahreek–e–Taliban and Lashker–e–Jhangvi etc those create unsecured state
Pakistan to investors. Provincial cards like Sindhi, Balochi, Pathan, Saraike and
Mohajir etc. give the impression leading the idea of nationalism. Kuram, Para chinar, D.I. Khan, tribal belt and Southern Punjab are areas that are
affected by this sectarian terrorism. Attacks on educational institutes, railway tracks gas pipelines and banks are some other examples of home
grown–up terrorism, because these terrorist perform this on exterior support either by no states or anti state

Problems Faced by Pakistan
PROBLEMS FACED BY PAKISTAN,RECOMMENDATION FOR ITS SOLUTION
INTRODUCTION:
In the context of Pakistan, owing to the fact that it is a developing nation, there is no wonder that it is engulfed with a number of social and
economical problems. The real issue is not the presence of these problems in society because, there is no concept of an ideal society in the world.
Every country in the world has its own set of socio–economic problems. The main issue is the extent and intensity of the socio–economic problems of
Pakistan which have soared to alarming levels.
Pakistan is today facing the most critical problems of its history. Economy is terrible, law & order is deteriorating, shortage of water, electricity and
other necessities are clearly...show more content...
Stock Exchanges also depict a true picture of economic meltdown. Instable political system, dictatorship in its worse form and non–effective
democracy badly affect the rates of stocks listed on the three stock exchanges of Pakistan. During this year, many times Karachi Stock Exchange has
plunged to its lowest point in the history of Pakistan.
Rate of inflation was never a two–digit figure in Pakistan, but in recent years it has seen an unprecedented increase. Prices of all consumer products in
general and food products in particular are rocket high. In contrast, purchasing power of masses is at an all–time low.
Northern areas of Pakistan have been a place of great tourist attraction. This contributed to foreign exchange. Tourism Industry was one of the booming
industries of Pakistan. Besides attracting foreign exchange, it also provided employment to local people. Nevertheless, war on terrorism has served as
a serious blow to the tourism industry of Pakistan.
Due to war on terror, local people of war–ridden areas are migrating to other areas of Pakistan. Country has seen the largest migration since
independence in 1947. This large influx of people and their rehabilitation is an economic burden for Pakistan. This unproductive lot of people is a
growing economic problem of Pakistan.
Some of the other problems which have engulfed Pakistani nation nowadays

Impact of Terrorism in Pakistan
Impact of Terrorism in Pakistan
In lieu of unlawful violence to inculcate fear and increase coercion, terrorism has become a trending topic in the world today. Pakistan, a country in
South Asia bordered by Afghanistan and India has been a country worthy of speculation due to the rate ofterrorism and tribal wars that have quickly
taken over the country. The sporadic effects of these attacks have begun to shatter what used to be one of Asia's fastest growing economies.
Impact on GDP
Pakistan's GDP has been one of the main economic factors that have been affected by the terrorism exposed to the country. Consumers who were used
to going out on a regular basis and purchasing high volumes of merchandise have been afraid to do in the...show more content...
A nagging perception in some quarters in the West, especially the US, that Pakistan is not "doing enough".
Solutions:
In fact, no military solution from the air or ground will ever be found to solve the deplorable conditions – grinding poverty and benign neglect – that
breed violence, hatred and rebellion.
Obama should avoid Bush's Policies of use of force to avoid further military and financial losses.
Involving UNSC & OIC would be in the interest of US to minimize anti US sentiments in the Muslim world.
Interfaith dialogue can clear the misconceptions against each other.
Solution of issues like Kashmir and Palestine The Muslims should discourage extremist groups in their social life. Madressa reforms Positive role of
world media

"There is no silver bullet that can address global terrorism in all its complexity," writs
Maleeha Lodhi in "The Threats of all Threats".
Every continent has seen acts of terrorism. Perpetrators belong to diverse backgrounds, ethnicities and faiths.
She proposed a broad–gauge counter–terrorism strategy based on nine 'Cs'.
1) Comprehensiveness: A comprehensive, multifaceted strategy is needed that encompasses law enforcement, political, social, cultural, financial and
diplomatic measures.
2) Consensus at the global level is required on a strategy

Pakistan Role In War On Terror

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