Creation of direct current (1)

I. )atWrI ³
1> fµBilv:ultaGiuc ³
fµBilKImIv:ultaGiucmYyKWCabnSMénsMPar³eRbIR
)as;edIm,IbMElgfamBlKImIeTACafamBlGKÁisnI.
fµBilKImI
maneGLicRtUtBIreFIVGMBIGgÁFatucMlgcrnþGKÁi
snI.)atWrImYyRtUv)anbegáIteLIgenAeBlEdl)øakBIr
b¤eRcInRtUv )antP¢ab;¬rUb1>1a¦ .
/mnt/temp/unoconv/20150509071222/creationofdirectcurrent1-150509071221-lva1-app6892.doc
1
karbegáItcrnþCa
b;
karbegáItcrnþCa
b;
eGLic
RtUt
b
Tg;
Ed
g
eGLic
RtUt
ca
eGLic
RtUt
GIu
y:u
g
rUb 1>1
GMeBIKImIsMxan;;énfµBilv:ultaG
uic
GIuy
:ug
s½
gás
I
eGLicR
tUlIt

]
TahrN_d_l¥tex©aHmYyéneGLicRtUtmYyKUKWs½
gásI (Zn) nigTg;Edg (Cu). s½gásImanGatUmbnÞúkGviC
¢man eRcInéRkElgehIyTg;EdgmanGatUmbnÞúkviC
¢maneRcInéRkElgEdr.enAeBlEdleKRtaMbnÞHénel
ahFatuTaMgenHeTA
kñúgeGLicRtUlIt
GMeBIKImIrvagelahFatuTaMgBIrk¾cab;epþIm .
eGLicRtUts½gásIpþúMbnÞúkGviC
¢maneRcInéRkElgcab; taMgBIva
rlaybnþicmþg²eTAkñúgeGLicRtUlIt .
GatUmEdlcakecjBIeGLicRtUts½gásImanbnÞúkviC
¢man .
GatUmTaMgenHRtUv)anRsUbedayGIuy:ugbnÞúk
GviC¢man (-) éneGLicRtUlIt
ehIybnÞab;mkvaRcanGIuy:ugbnÞúkviC¢man (+)
2

éneGLicRtUlIteq<aHeTAeGLicRtUtTg;Edg
¬rUb1>1b¦ .
enHbNþaleGaymaneGLicRtugRtUvEtpøas;TIBITg;E
dg edayTukeGayTg;EdgnUvbnÞúkviC
¢maneRcInhYs RbmaN .
RbsinebIbnÞúkmYydUcCaGMBUlePøIgRtUv)antP
¢ab;qøgkat;cugeGLicRtUt
kMlaMgTajKñacUlnigRcanKñaecj nwgbNþal
eGaymaneGLicRtugesrIkñúgeGLicRtUts½gásIGviC
¢man edaytP
¢ab;ExSePøIgeTAnwgRbeqHGMBUlePøIgedIm,I
pøas;TIeq<aHeTAeGLicRtUtTg;EdgbnÞúkviC¢man
¬rUb1>1c¦ .
plsgb:Utg;EsülEdlCalT§plGnuBaØateGayfµBiledIrtY
eFIVCaRbPBéntg;süúgKitCav:ul (V).
eGLicRtUlIRténfµBilmYyGacCavtßúravb¤emSA
· RbsinebIeGLicRtUlItCavtßúrav
eKehAfaGaKuyTWk .
3

· RbsinebIeGLicRtUlItmanTMrg;CaemSA
eKehAfaGaKuys¶Üt.
2> bgÁMúfµBil ³
a). fµBiltCaesrI ³
• enAeBlEdlfµBilRtUv)antCaCaesrI ¬rUb
1>2¦tg;süúgsrubénfµBil esµInwgplbUk
tg;süúgénfµBilnImYy²
4
rUb
1>2
1.5V 1.5V 1.5V 1.5V
+ - + -+ -+ -
6V
fµBil
1
fµBil
2
fµBil
3
fµBil
4
+ - + - + - + -

• crnþEdlqøgkat;tamfµBilnImYy²mantMélesµIKña
BIeRBaHcrnþdUcKñaqøgkat;tam
fµBiltCaesrITaMgGs;
b). fµBiltCaExñg ³
5
V = Vc1 + Vc2 + Vc3 + Vc4
I = Ic1 = Ic2 = Ic3 = Ic4
rUb
1.5V1.5V1.5V
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
fµBil
2
fµBil
1
fµBil
3
+
- +
-
+ -
+
-
1.5V

• enAeBlEdlfµBilRtUv)antCaExñg ¬rUb
1>3¦tg;süúgsrub esIµnwgtg;süúgénfµBilnimYy²
• rnþsrubesµInwgplbUkcrnþénfµBilnimYy²
enAeBlEdlfµBilRtUv)antCaExñgb:UlviC
¢manTaMgGs;RtUv)antP¢ab;CamYyKña
ehIyb:UlGviC¢manTaMgGs;k_RtUvtP
¢ab;CamYyKñaEdr.tg;süúgecjsrubén)atWrImYyEdl)
6
V = Vc1 = Vc2 = Vc3
I = Ic1 + Ic2 + Ic3

anmkBIkartfµµBilbICaExñg esIMMµnwg
tg;süúgecjrbs;;fµBilmYy¬rUb 1>3¦
b:uEnþcrnþsrubmantMélbIdgéncrnþkñúgfµBilnimYy²
.
3> fµBil TImYy nig TIBIr ³
fµBilTImYyKWCafµBilTaMgLayEdlminGacbBa©Úle
PøIgmþgeTot)anb¤minGacRtlb;eTArksßanPaBl¥vijb
nÞab;BItg;süúgecj rbs; vaFøak;Tab.
halfµBilEdleRbIR)as;kñúgEkvqøúH
nigviTüúRtg;sIus½ÞrCa]TahrN_énfµBilTI1 .
fµBilTIBIrKWCafµBilTaMgLayEdlGacbBa©ÚlePøIg
mþgeTot)an .
kñúgeBlbBa©ÚlePøIgmþgeTotsarCatiKiImIEdl
pþl;famBlGKÁisnIRtUVv)anRtLb;eTArksßanPaBedI
mrbs;vavij.karbBa©ÚlePøIgmþgeTotRtUv)aneFVIeL
IgedaybBa©Úl
crnþCab;tamfµBilmYykñúgTisedAmYy
7

pÞúyBITisedAéncrnþEdlfµBilEckcayeTAeGayesoKI
VmYy .
)atWrImYyRtUv)anbBa©ÚlePøIgmþgeTotedayP
¢ab;vaeTAnwgRbdab;bBa©ÚlePøIgkñúgb:UldUcKñ
a¬rUb1>4¦ .
4> karbBa©Úl nig beBa©jePøIg ³ (Charging and
discharging)
8
Battery Charger
rUb
1>4
National
12v, 70A
sMNs‘
ulpat
bþÚre
TACa
SpongeLead
SpongePeroxide
Lead
GasIu
tcUl
eTAk
ñúgp
øak
eGLic
RtUlIt
cuHe
xSay
sMNes
<at
bþÚre
TACa
sMNEB
GuksIu
t
SpongeLead
SpongePeroxide
Lead
GasI
utecj
BIpø
ak
eGLic
RtUlIt
Rtlb;rT
Ark
sMNs‘
ulpat
bþÚre
TACa
sMNes
<at karbBa©
Battery
load Charger
- +

enAeBlEdl)atWrImYykMBugbBa©ÚlePøIg
GMeBIKImIbegáIt]sµ½nGIuRdUEsnelIépÞ)aøkmYy
nig]sµ½nGuksIuEsnelIépÞ )aøkmYyeTot. ]
sµ½nTaMgenHecjBBuHkñúgépÞ)aøk
ehIyPayecjtamKMrbrn§xül; . dUecñHTwk
(H2O)RtUv)an)at;bg;BI
kñúgbnÞb;GaKuyenAeBlEdl]sµ½nPayecj .
TwkEdl)an)at;bg;RtUvEtbMeBjeLIgvij
edIm,IrkSakMrwteGLicRtUlIt eGay)anRtwmRtUv.
5> RbePT)atWrI ³
a. GaKuyTwk ¬GasIut-sMN ¦ ³
9
rUb 1>5
sMNE
BGuks
Iut
sMNs‘
ulpat
ACa
sMNs‘u
lpat
©jePøIg
(a)
gedIm
rbs;va
vij
ÚlePøIg
(b)

GaKuyTwkenAkñúgbnÞb;rbs;vamanFatuGasIut-
sMN .
bnÞb;nImYy²manBIrRkuménbnÞHsMNmYyKWCab:
UlviC¢man nigmYyeTotCab:UlGviC¢man . )aøkviC
¢manTaMgGs;RtUv)antP¢ab;CamYyKña ¬rUb 1>6¦
. )aøkGviC¢manTaMgGs;k_RtUv)an tP
¢b;CamYyKñaEdr. )aøkviC¢mannig)øakGviC
¢manRtUv)andak;cUlKña edayeGay)aøkviC
¢mannig)aøkGviC¢manenAqøas;Kña.
enAcenøaH)aøkKWCabnÞHGIusULg;ehAfaRbdab;
Ejk
EdleFIVGMBIeQIEdlGaceGayTwkb¤xül;RCabecjcUl
)an eQIman rn§tUc² b¤)aøsÞicmanrn§tUc² .
Rbdab;Ejk karBar)aøkviC¢man nig)aøkGviC
¢manBIkarb:HKñaeTAvijeTAmk nigkareFIVeGay
qøgePøIgEdleFIVeGayxUcdl;)aøkTaMgenaH . )
aøkviC
¢manRtUv)anlabb¤RClk;tamrebobKImIedIm,IbegáIt
10

CasMN EBGuksIut ¬bnSMsMNnigGuksIuEsn¦
ehIyeGLicRtUtGviC¢manCasMNes<atmanrn§tUc² .
)aøkTaMgBIrRkumEdlmanRbdab;EjkenAcenøaHva
RtUv)andak;kñúgepIgEdlbMeBj
edaysUluysüúgravénGasIuts‘ulpYric nigTwk .
BaküfaGaKuyTwksMedAcMeBaH)aøksMN nig
GasIuts‘ulpYricEdlCasmasFatusMxan;rbs;va.
tg;süúgkñúg)aøkRbePTenHmaneRcInCag 2V
bnþicbnþÜc. )
11
rUbTI

atWrIeRbIR)as;kñúgrfynþTMenIb²manR)aMmYybnÞ
b;Edl tCa
esrIedIm,IeGaytg;süúgecjBI)atWrImaneRcInCag
12V bnþicbnþÜc .
b. fµBils½gásI-kae)an ³
enHKWCaRbePTfµBils¶ÜtEdlcas;CageKbMput
ehIyeRbIR)as; lk;dUrya:gTUlMTUlaybMputpgEdr .
kae)anrag
mUlEvgRtUv)andak;enAkNþalfµBilKWCab:UlviC
¢man.
sMbkxageRkArbs;fµBileFIVGMBIs½gásIEdlCaeGLi
cRtUt GviC¢man¬rUb 1>7¦.
enAcenøaHeGLicRtUtkae)an nig
eGLicRtUts½gásIKWCaeGLicRtUlItl,ayemSAKImI .
fµBilRtuv)anbiTedaysnÞHedIm,I
karBarvtßúravkñúgemSAkMueGayPayecj .
tg;süúgénfµBilRbePTenHmanRbEhl 1>5V .
12
rUb
b:UlGviC
¢manP
¢ab;
eTAnwgs
Mbks½gás
I
b:UlviC¢manP
¢ab;eTAnwgbegÁalkae)a
nehIydak;enAcMkNaþlsmasF
atuKIm
I
P
¢itedayR
kmYn
begÁalka
e)an
¬m:g;kaeNsDIGuksIut
emS:Akae)anGMbilGa
m:Ujak;¦
sMbks
½gásI
Rkdas;
rMuBIe

c. fµBilGal;kaLaMg ³
eKehAfµBilGal;kaLaMgTI2dUecñHBIeRBaHvamane
GLicRtUlItGal;kaLaMgmYyEdlmanb:UtasüÚmGIuR
duksIut.
RbePTfµBilmYyEdleGayeQµaHfafµBilGal;kaLaMgm
ans½gásICaeGLicRtUtGviC¢man nig
manm:g;kaENsGuksIutCa eGLicRtUtviC
¢manvabegáIttg;süúg)an 1>5V.
fµBilGal;kaLaMgTI1dUcKñaeTAnwgkarsßabnaRbe
PTfµBilEdlGacbBa©ÚlePøIgmþgeTot)an
ehIymantg;süúg dMeNIrkardUcKña ¬rUb 1>8¦ .
13
1>7

fµBilenHmanGayukalEvgCagfµBils½gásI-
kae)anEdlmanTMhMdUcKña.
d. fµBilkat;mJÚm-nIEkl ³
kñúgfµBils¶Ütkat;mJÚm-nIEklTI2
eGLicRtUlItCab:UtasüÚmGIuRduksIut
mannIEklGIuRduksIutCaeGLicRtUt GviC¢man
nigmankat;mJÚmGuksIutCaeGLicRtUtviC¢man .
tg;süúgdMeNIrkarman1>25V .
14
rUb

fµBilTaMgenHRtUv)anplit eLIgmaneRcInTMhM
edayrab;bBa©ÚlTaMgfµBilmanragsMEb:t
manragdUceLvGav . GaKuykat;mJÚm-nIEkl
KWCaGaKuy s¶ÜtEtmYyKt;
EdlmanRbtikmµKImIRcas;
edayGnuBaØateGaybBa©ÚlePøIg)anCaeRcIndg
¬rUb 1>9¦ vaCa]bkrN_manPaBmaMTaM
sMrab;eRbIR)as;kñúgl½kçx½NÐTgÁúkregÁI
j½rxøaMg nig sItuNðPaBxçs; . müa:gvijeTot
vasmRsbtex©aHcMeBaH]bkrN_Tak;TgEdlGacykta
mxøÜn)an dUcCa viTüúTTYl nig pSay ¬éGkUm rW
TUrsB½Þéd¦ CaedIm .
15

e. fµBil)ar:t ³
fµBil)ar:tmanBIrRbePTxusKñamYyKWfµBilsMEb:tE
dlmanragdUceLvGavcMENkÉmYyeTotKWCafµBilE
dlmanrag
CasIuLaMgdUcCafµBilFmµta .
GtßRbeyaCn_énfµBilEdlmanragdUceLvGavGacdak;
tMrYtKñamYycMnYnkñúgRbGb;
mYyedIm,IbegáIt)atWrImYy .
tY)atWrImYyRtUv)anekIteLIgedayfµBilsMEb:tbI¬rUb
1>10¦ fµBilmYyplittg;süúg)an 1>35V . fµBil)ar:t
nig)atWrImanGayukalEvg nigmanPaBmaMTaMl¥.
eRBaHvabegáIt tg;süúgecjefr kñúgsßanPaB
bnÞúkxusKñaeKeRbIR)as;vakñúgplitplxus²KñaCae
RcIn edayrYmman TaMgnaLikaGKÁisnI
Rbdab;sþab; Rbdab;eFIVetsþ
nigRbB½n§eGaysBaØa (Alarm).
16
rUb

II- lkçN³)atWrI ³
er:sIusþg;xagkñúg
)atwrImYyKWCaRbPBpþl;crnþCab;¬DC¦mYy .
RKb;RbPBpþl;crnþCab;TaMgGs;enHsuT§Etmaner:
sIusþg;xagkñúg(Ri)
kñúgfµBilKImImYyer:sIusþg;éneGLicRtUlItrvag
eGLicRtUtBIrCaGñkkMnt;nUver:sIusþg;xagkñúgrbs;
fµBilPaKeRcIn
¬rUbTI2>1¦.enAeBlcrnþkñúg)atWrIqøgkat;er:sIusþg;
xag kñúg RitP
¢ab;CaesrICamYyeKaltg;süúgVB(RrUbTI2>1a).
enAeBlKµancrnþqøgkat;Tnøak;tg;süúgenAcenøaHe
Kaler:sIu sþg;RiesñIsUnü dUecñHtg;süúgeBjrbs;VB
enAcenøaHeKalecj
¬rUbTI2>1b¦enHKWCatg;süúgkñúgesoKVIcMhrWtg;
süúg énesoKVIKµanbnÞúk.
RbsinebIer:sIusþg;bnÞúk RL mYyRtUv)antP¢ab
17
rUbTI

enAcenøaHeKalrbs;)atWrIenaH RLtCaesrICamYy
er:suIsþg;xagkñúgRi(rUbTI2>1c)enAeBlEdlcrnþ
ILqøgkat;kñúgesoKVIenH Tnøak;tg;süúgkñúg
enAelIeKalILRi eFVIeGaytg;süúgFøak;cuHenAelIeKal
VL én)atWrI dUecñH VL = VB – ILRi.
]TahrN_ ³
)atWrIs¶ÜtmYymanesoKIVcMhmYy
b¤tg;süúgKµanbnÞúk100V.
RbsinebIer:sIusþg;xagkñúgmantMél100Ω
nig
er:sIusþg;bnÞúkmantMél600Ω
. cUrrktg;süúgecj VL?
18
Ri
(rUb
2.1)
Ri
VB
VB
(rUb
2.1a)
Ri
VL
RL
VB
IL
(rUb
2.1b)

eKdak;RbePT)atWrI 100V BIeRBaH100V
KWCaéntg;süúgesoKIVcMhrbs;vaEdlKµanbnÞúkK
WcrnþesµIsUnü .
enAeBlEdler:sIusþg;bnÞúkRLRtUv)anbEnßm
manesoKIVbiT
ehIycrnþbnÞúkRtUv)anKNnatamc,ab;GUm .
IL = VB/(Ri + RL)
VB = 100V
Ri = 100Ω
RL = 600Ω
IL = 100V /(100Ω + 600Ω) = 0,143 A
dUecñH tg;süúgecjrbs;)atWrIKW
VL = Vb – IL Ri
= 100 V – 0.143.100=85.7 V
III- RbPBpÁt;pÁg;bMrug (Standby) ³
RbPBpÁt;pÁg;bMrugRtUv)aneRbIR)as;edIm,Ib
MerIeGayesvakmµkñúgRKaEdlRbPBpÁt;pÁg;emxU
c.
eTaHbICama:sIunbgVilGal;ETNaT½rFM²k¾eday
k¾RtUvbMrugenAeBlmankarcaM)ac;sMrab;eBl
19
VL = 85.7 V
VB
=100v
Ri
100Ω
RL
600Ω
VL
=?

mankMhUc RbPBpÁt;pÁg;
nigsMrab;beBaäHma:sIun.
tMrUvkarcMbgénRbB½n§EbbenHKW³
1. edIm,Ipþl;eGayma:sIunePøIgGacbeBaäH)
an
2. pþl;GanuPaBsMrab;karbeBaäHma:sIunen
AkñúgeragcRkGKÁisnICabnÞan;.
3. pþl;ePøIgsBaaØRbkas;GasnñsMrab;eKce
cjBIGaKar.
4. pþl;GanuPaBsMrab;kuMBüÚT½r rW
RbB½n§eGLicRtUnicepSg²eTot.
5. FananirnþrPaBénkarpÁt;pÁg;karcgcaMéne
RKOgeGLicRtUnic eRbICaRbPB
pÁt;pÁg;bMrugKWCanic©kal eRbI
kñúgRKb;TIkEnøgRbkas;Gasnñ.
IV- karEfTaMGaKuy ³
edIm,IeGayGaKuymanGayukal)anyUrGEgVg
caM)ac;RtUvEtEfTaMCaRbcaM.
cMnucEdlRtUvRtYtBinitümandUcxageRkam³
20

1. sMGateKalCanic© ehIy
kñúgeBleRbIR)as;RtUvrwteGaytwgedIm,IFa
nakarP¢ab;nigcMlgcrnþ)anl¥.
2. FanakarP
¢ab;eKaleGay)anRtwmRtUvCamYy]bkrN¾P
¢ab;.b:Utg;EsüleGLicRtUtén]bkrN¾TaMgBIr
KYrEtrwteGaytwgtamlT§PaBEdlGaceFVIeT
A)an.
3. RtUvRtYtBinitükMritTwkGasIuteGay)aneTog
Tat; ehIy
rkSavaeGayenARtwmkMrittamtMrUvkar. )
øakrbs;vaRtUvEtbiTeGayCitehIyminGnuBaa
ØteGayvas¶Üt)aneT
CaBiesscMeBaHGaKuyTwk )aøks¶Üt
eFVIeGayvafycuHcMNuHbrimaNGKÁisnI¬Ah¦
.bBaa¢k;
luHRtaEtkMritTwkGasuItenAelI)aøkRbEhl
21

BI3 eTA 4
mIlIøEm:RteTIbRKb;RKan;.bgÁMúGaKuyRb
ePTxøH)anerobcMeLIgedIm,Ibnßy
bBaað)at;bg;TwkGasuIt.
CaBiessqñúkKMrbGaKuyRtUveFVIeGaysIu
KñaedIm,IeGayGaKuybeBa©j]sµ½n
H2 nig O2EdlekIteLIg.
eRBaH]sµ½nTaMgenHPayecjBITwkGasIute
FIVeGayvafycuHkMritTwkGasIut.
4.
ya:gNak¾edayGaKuyRtUvEtrkSaTwkGasIut
eGays¥atCanic©.
5.
GaKuyminRtUvdak;enAkEnøgEdlmansIutuN
ðPaBx<s;
nigkEnøgEdleFVIeGayxUcRTRTayrbs;va)an
eT.
22

Creation of direct current (1)

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