Call US 📞 9892124323 ✅ Kurla Call Girls In Kurla ( Mumbai ) secure service
Rur.eco.i copy
1. SUBJECT : RURAL ECONOMICS
SECTION I – INTRODUCTION TO
THE INDIAN ECONOMIC
ENVIRONMENT
2. Basic Characteristics of Indian
Economy:
• Per capita income,
• Occupation,
• Unemployment,
• Poverty,
• Population pressure etc.
3. 1. LOW PER CAPITA INCOME :
– Low per Capita Income :- India is a
Developing Country.
– Developing Economies are marked by the
existence of low per capita income.
– The per capita income of an Indian in 2005
was $ 720, which have been increased to
$ 950 in the year 2007 (as per World
Development Report, 2009).
4. – During 2007-08 the per capita income of an
Indian was Rs. 37,328/-.
– During 2008-09 the per capita income of an
Indian was Rs.38,695/-.
– During 2009-10 the per Capita Income of an
– Indian was Rs.40,745/-
• The Per capita Income is still low as
compared to other developing countries.
5. Per Capita National Income (in $)
of 10 Countries :
Country GNP (in Billion $) Per Capita National Income (in $)
USA 13886.5 46040
Japan 4813.3 37670
Germany 3197.0 38860
U.K. 2608.5 42740
China 3120.9 2360
France 2447.1 38500
Italy 1991.3 33540
Spain 1321.8 29450
Canada 1300.0 39420
India 1069.4 950
(Source :World Development Report , 2009).
Figures pertains to the year 2007.
6. • OCCUPATIONAL PATTERN IS
PRODUCING (Agriculture):
– One of the basic characteristics of an
underdeveloped/developing country is that it
is primary producing.
– A very high population is engaged in
Agriculture, which contributes a large share
in the NATIONAL INCOME.
7. • About 58% of its population is engaged
in Agriculture and its contribution to
NATIONAL INCOME is about 18.5 %,
Whereas in developed countries very
few percent population is engaged in
production of Agriculture.
8. % OF ACTIVE POPULATION ENGAGED IN
AGRICULTURE & INDUSTRIAL ORIGIN OF GDP IN 2005
Country Total Population Agril. Industry Services
engaged In Agril.
U.K. 1 1 26 73
U.S.A. 4 1 22 77
JAPAN 5 2 30 68
THAILAND 45 10 44 46
PAKISTAN 52 22 25 53
CHINA 47 13 47 40
INDIA 58 19 27 54
Source : World Bank Report (2007)
9. • Indian Economy is producing because
Agriculture contributes about 19% of its
National Income while 58% of population
is engaged in Agriculture.
• Productivity per person in India is very
low.
10. HEAVY POPULATION PRRESSURE
i. High Level of Birth Rate (with falling level of
death rate).
ii. Growth Rate during the Census period was
as under :
– 1941-50 1.31% , 1980-1991 : 2.14%
– 1991-2001 1.93%
– 2000-2005 1.50 (on average basis)
– 2005-2009 1.54% (tentative basis)
iii. Rising population imposes greater economic
burdens.
iv. Rising population leads to more unemployed.
11. EXISTENCE OF CHRONIC
UNEMPLOYMENT & UNDER
EMPLOYMENT :
• More population pressure more unemployment.
• Low Capital availability, slow expansion of
Industries. Entire population cannot be
employed.
12. • More population is engaged in Agricultural
production than required(58.54 per cent)
• Absence of alternative employment
opportunities in villages, force our population to
remain busy in Agricultural work.
• Rate of unemployment during 1990-2000 was
7.32% which has risen to 8.36% during 2004-
05.(Unemployment increased) which has further
increased to about 10% during 2007-08.
13. LOW RATE OF CAPITAL FORMATION
• There was Capital deficiency in India during
1950-60.
• Amount of capital per head available was low.
• The Rate of Capital formation was also low as
compared with other developed countries.
14. • Savings are low i.e. 23% in 2003-04 which has
increased to 34.8% in 2006-07. Thus there is an
improvement in Capital Formation during last
few years, and have further increased to 39.1%
in 2007-08.
• More capital more Investment. More savings
are required for development of India. Present
rate of savings is very low as compared to
developed countries.
15. • MALDISTRIBUTION OF
WEALTH/ASSETS (Disparities in
Income Distribution) :-
– High disparity in income/wealth distribution
in India, i.e. wide gap is there.
– 39% of Rural population possesses only 5%
of all the rural assets while, on the other
hand, 8% top households possess 46% of
total rural assets.
16. • Income disparities are more in Urban
areas as compared with those of Rural
areas.
17. DOMINANCE OF AGRICULTURE AND
HEAVY POPULATION PRESSURE ON
AGRICULTURE :
– Land labour ratio is not favourable in India.
– Per Capita Land availability is very low and on the
contrary, labour use per Hectare is very high in
India.
– Agriculture sector provides livelihood to about 65%
of the total population and contributes 18.5% of
Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
18. OVER-POPULATION :
– Indian population as per 2001 census was
102.87 Crore which is 16.7% of the world
population and India holds only 2.42% of
total land area of the world.
– Population growth rate is about 1.5% per
year after the last Census held in 2001.
19. UNBALANCED ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT:-
• India has not yet achieved the goal of
balanced economic development.
• About 64% of total labour force is dependent
on Agriculture,
• 16% labour force is dependent on Industries
and
• 20% labour force is dependent on Trade,
Transport and other services.
20. • LACK OF INDUSTRIALISATION
(Prevalence of low level of Technology)
– India lacks in large industrialisation based
on Modern and Advanced Technology
resulting slow development in the Economy.
– It is due to low level of Capital available in
India. Industrialisation needs investment.
21. Industrial Growth remained as under (as per Plan
Period)
(including Mining, Manufacturing and Power Generation):
(a) 6th Plan 3.5%
(b) 7th Plan 8.5%
(c) 8th Plan 8.1%
(d) 9th Plan 4.5%
(e) 10th Plan 8.7%
(f) 11th Plan 10.0% (expected)
22. LOW LEVEL OF LIVING OF THE AVERAGE
INDIAN (Poverty in India) :-
– An average Indian is not taking a balanced diet.
– There is low calorie intake and low level of
consumption of Protein.
– Minimum intake of calories requires for sustaining is
2100 calories whereas intake of Indian is 2496 (in
1999) and the average calorie intake of food in
most of the developed countries is over 3400
calories.
23. • In 2004-05 nearly 28% of the population in
India lived below the poverty line which now by
2008-09 have reduced to about 18% of the
population and it is doubtful whether the poor
get a minimum intake of even 2100 calories.
• In balanced diet intake of Fruits, fish or meat,
butter and sugar , vegetables and protein
along with cereals is included but it is doubtful
that poor population of India (about 20%) is
getting a balanced diet.
24. • Malnutrition- Drinking Water, Milk,
Protein diet, etc. are not available to
average Indian as is available to people
of developed countries like USA, UK,
Japan, France, Canada, etc.
25. • HOUSING POSITION : There are
Permanent, Semi-permanent and
Temporary type of houses. About 52%
of the households were living in
permanent houses, about 30% were
living in Semi-permanent and 18% were
living in temporary houses i.e. Kuccha
house.
26. • DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS
OF AN UNDER DEVELOPED
COUNTRY:
(i) High density of population exists in India
as compared to developed countries.
(ii) Average expectation of life is low and
infant mortality rates are high.
27. • Density of population in India and other
developed countries is as under (comparative
position):
S.No. Name of Country Density of Population per Sq. Km.
1. India 373 (2006)
2. U.S.A. 33
3. Canada & Australia 4
4. China 141
5. Other countries 50 (average)
28. • The population of children is higher in India
than in the advanced countries in the age
group of 0 to 14 years (33.5%), 15 to 64 age
group the population is 61.5% and remaining
above the age group of 65 years.
• Thus non-productive population is higher.
There is decline in children below the age
group of 15 years in 2006 (32.1% as
compared to 33.5% in 2001.)
29. • ECONOMIC INDICATORS OF
STANDARD OF LIVING:
– There are so many Socio-economic
indicators which shows that India is far
behind the developed countries so far as
these indicators of standard of living are
concerned.
30. Countrywise Per capita daily
intake
Fats Protein Calories
• India 45 gms 59 gms. 2496
• China 71 ,, 77 gms. 2897
• Japan 83 gms. 96 gms. 2932
• U.S.A. 143 gms 112gms 3699
• U.K. 141 gms 93gms 3276
(Source : Tata Services Ltd. Statistical Outline of India
(2000)
31. • Illiteracy rate is also very high in India.
• About 25% are illiterate in India as
compared to developed countries where
less than 5% are illiterate.
• Literacy rate in India (2001) – 64.8%
• State with highest Literacy – Kerala
(90.90%)
• State with lowest Literacy-Bihar (47%)
33. RURAL ECONOMY – CHALLENGES
AND PROSPECTS.
INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE RURAL
ECONOMY :-
• Prosperity of a country depends
directly upon the Development of –
AGRICULTURE & INDUSTRY and
SERVICES
34. I) AGRICULTURE: Agricultural
production requires :
(a) Agril. Land(Development of waste-
land),
(b) Irrigation(Flood control and CAD),
(c) Credit facility. (For Inputs – Seeds,
Fertilizers etc.),
(d) Transport Facilities,
(e) Warehouses for Storage.
35. II.INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION
REQUIRES:-
• Land, Machinery & Equipments,
• Skilled Manpower, (Tech. qualified)
• Management, (Professionals)
• Power/Energy (Electricity, Coal, Oil, Gas
Solar Energy etc.)
• Banking and Insurance facilities (for Credit
needs and Security).
36. • Marketing Facilities (including Raw Material
and Finished Goods)
• Transport Services : ---it includes –
• Roads (High ways, State ways etc.)
• Railways,
• Shipping facilities,
• Air Cargo facilities,
• Communication facilities ( Posts &
Telegraphs, Telecommunication services
etc.)
37. All these facilities and services which help in
Industrial and Agril. Production constitute
collectively Infrastructure of Economy.
III – SERVICE SECTOR:
Service sector is increasing every year.
During last two Plan periods, India’s GDP
towards Service Sector is around 57%.
38. The Development and Expansion of these
facilities are an essential pre-condition for
increasing Agricultural and Industrial
Production in a country.
39. • NATURAL RESOURCES & ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT:-
Natural Resources means:-
• Land
• Water Resources
• Fisheries
• Mineral Resources
• Forests
• Marine Resources
• Climatic Conditions
• Rainfall.
40. • Some of the above mentioned Natural
Resources are known to people. There are
un-discovered (hidden) resources which are
hidden under the earth, for example:--
• Minerals (Calcium, Phosphates, limestone
etc.)
• Metals (Gold, Silver, Copper, Zinc, Iron etc.)
• Water (Drinking water and Sea Water with
other products of sea)
• Oil & Natural Gases.
41. Man needs to develop techniques of
knowing UNDISCOVERED
RESOURCES through –SATELITE (as
discovered by developed countries like
U.S.A. France, Canada, Germany, Japan
etc.)
42. TWO TYPES OF NATURAL RESOURCES
ARE THERE:-
• RENEWABLE RESOURCES (Land,
Water, Forests, fisheries etc.
• EXHAUSTIBLE RESOURCES: (Minerals,
• Mineral Oils & Gases.
These exhaustible resources can be used
ONCE ONLY.
43. Total Land available to INDIA is
329 Million Hectares
.
LAND RESOURCES:(in Million Hectares):
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Particulars. AREA(MH) Percent
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. TOTAL GEOGRAPHICAL AREA 329 100
2. BARREN LAND (Not in use) 19 14
3. AREA UNDER FORESTS 69 23
4. PERMANENT PASTURES LAND 11 3
(For grazing by animals-grass, bushes)
5. CULTIVABLE WASTE LAND 18 6
44. 6. FALLOW LAND (Not used for last 1 yr.) 22 8
Due to shortage of water.
7.Net Area Sown (sown more than once in 141 46
A year (double crop area)
8.Area sown more than once (double/ 49 16
Triple crops—Vegetable crops or Grass).
9.TOTAL CROPPED AREA 190 62
(7 + 8 )—About 57% of total land available.
Note : Upto 2003 the cultivable land use was 43% only
which have increased by 14% in last 7 years.
Source : C.S.O.
45. LATEST POSITION OF LAND-USE :
– Net sown area by 2001 was 145 Million
Hectare.
– By 2008 , it was 150 Million Hectares.
– By 2009, it was about 160 Million Hectares.
– Land use have been increased in past 10
years.
46. (B) Cultivated and cultivable land is
disappearing (reducing) due to Construction
of Building and metalled roads and Good
Agricultural Land is destroyed to produce
Bricks for House Construction.
47. B. Scope for Agril. Production :-
(i) Most of the land is under-utilized, un-irrigated,
Single-cropped and low-yielding.
Still Scope for Agricultural Production is
Available and Land can be used Scientifically.
(ii) More area can be brought under irrigated and
Cultivable land, so SCOPE –EXISTS FOR AGRI. PRODUCTION.
49. ANSWER :
• A. Population is 102.87 Crores (Census 2001)
• Estimated population is About 115.0 Crores
upto 2010.
• B. India needs 400MT of Food-grains (Million
Tonnes).
• C. Presently Production is 233MT(foodgrains)
Deficit is ---- -- 167 MT (foodgrains)
D. Population is increasing – 17 million/year
• (Growth rate is 1.5% annually).
50. INDIA CAN MEET THIS CHALLENGE AS
PER OUR AGRICULTURAL SCIENTISTS
AND MORE FOOD-GRAINS CAN BE
PRODUCED (The need of Second Green
Revolution) by Use of Hybrid Seeds.
Again Question arises – What is needed ?
51. Answer :
• Agriculture Needs :
• LAND + WATER + SUNLIGHT
AND INDIA HAVE IT SO AGRIL.
PRODUCTION CAN BE INCREASED.
India have :
- Un-irrigated Land’
- Single Cropped area of land,
- Low-yielding Land.
So, DOUBLE CROPPING IN INDIA IS POSSIBLE.
=============================
52. FOOD SECURITY IN INDIA
• Definition :- Food Security means access
by all people at all-times to enough food
for an active & Healthy Life.
• (- World Development Report-1986)
• Food Security means –ensuring that all
people at all times have both physical and
economic access to basic Food they
need.
• ( Food and Agriculture Organisation’83)
53. • Thus Food Security means –
• (i) Adequate Physical availability of Food
to entire population of country.
• (ii) People have enough purchasing power
so that they can acquire the Food they
need.
• (iii)Food should be of Good Quality and in
Adequate Quantity with nutritional value.
54. • (iv) Food should be available timely, and
on a Long-term basis.
• A country has to ensure the food
Security when Population is increasing
and demand also increases. So more
production of food has to be ensured for
future.
55. • STAGES OF FOOD SECURITY FOR THE
DEVELOPING COUNTRY (Like INDIA):-
Four Stages are there:-
Stage –I : To make available an adequate
quantity of Cereals available to all.
Cereals means Food-grains i.e. WHEAT,
RICE, MAIZE, BAJRA etc.
56. • Stage 2.:Food Security as adequate
availability of CEREALS & PULSES:
• Cereals : Wheat, Rice, Maize, Bajra etc.
• Pulses : Gram, Peas, Beans, Moong,
• Arhaar, Urad etc.
• Stage 3 : Availability of Cereals + Pulses
+ Milk and Milk Products such as Butter,
Ghee, Paneer, Curd, Lassi , Chach etc.
57. • Stage -4: Cereals + Pulses + Milk & Milk
Products + Vegetables & Fruits along with
• Fish, Egg & Meat
SELF-SUFFICIENCY IN FOOD & FOOD
SECURITY:-
• Till 1965-66, India was borrowing Food-
grains from USA & other countries under
PL-480 Programme. In the year 1965-66
there was SEVERE DROUGHT existed.
58. • Prime-Minister Mrs. Indira Gandhi brought
the concept of GREEN REVOLUTION.
• Dr. M.S. Swaminathan designed the policy
of giving subsidized SEED & Fertilizers to
Farmers with water facility and it took
about 10 years to over-come the problem
of Food Security.
• India felt self sufficent in Food in 1975-
76.
59. • Effects of Green Revolution:-
• 1) It reduced imports of Food grains.
• 2) India became self-sufficient by 1976.
• 3) Food security situation exists from
1976 onwards till today in our country.
• SPECIAL ATTENTION FROM IXTH PLAN
WAS GIVEN FOR FOOD SECURITY
(1997-2002) & CONTINUING IN X & XI
Plan.
60. • India started building-up Food-security
system to face the threats of FAMINE &
DROUGHT CONDITIONS.
• In last 50 years, India has not faced any
severe Famine.
• Thus, Indian Farmer’s efforts in Production
of Food-grains are a success.
61. • PROGRESS ON FOOD-GRAINS FRONT
REVEALS THE FOLLOWING :--
• (a) Food-grain Production:
– 1950-51 51 Million Tonnes.
– 2006-07 213 Million Tonnes.
– 2007-08 217.3 Million Tonnes.
– 2008-09 231.7 Million Tonnes.
– 2009-10 220.0 Million Tonnes
– Food-grain production is > 4 times of 1950-51.
62. • (b) Population Growth :
– 1950-51 361 Millions.
– 2000-01 1020 Millions.
– 2001-2010 1170 Millions
Population growth is 3.1 times of 1950-51.
(c) Share of Wheat and Rice increased as under:
1950-51 - 53%
2001-02 - 78%
2006-07 - 92.9%
63. • Share of Cereals increased as under:-
• 1950-51 84% - All Food-grains.
• 2006-07 94% - All food-grains.
– Share of Pulses declined from 16% to 6% in
last 10 years. So there is a need to grow
more various pulses in the country.
64. • BALANCED DIET :
• Balanced diet is still not available to every
Indian which consists of :--
– 1. Needed Cereals (Wheat, Rice, Maize etc.)
– 2. Necessary quantity of Pulses (Gram,Peas)
– 3. Needed Green Vegetables & fruits
including Fish, Egg & Meat, Milk and Milk
products.
65. • GOVT.’S FOOD SECURITY SYSTEM:
• PDS System : Food-grains & other items
of food are available in open-market for
every-one. But for poor people and for
BPL families Govt. have separate
distribution system known as PDS, which
is through some Agencies i.e. PACS, or
Authorised Dealers or Ration Shop.
66. • Govt. is making available Food-grains to
Poor/BPL families through PDS at
Subsidized rate i.e. at Lower rate than
market rate. But it is not reaching to all
needy house-holds.
• Govt. needs to improve its existing system
as Under :-
• (i) Increasing Employment Opportunities
by opening more distribution Depot/center
67. • ii) Promoting Rural Dev. that focuses on
the poor (i.e. opportunities of Employment
to earn so that they can buy Food-grains &
other items as Nutrition-food. Examples
are- MNREGP & PMGSY (earning
through employment in rural area).
68. • (iii) Allotment of Land to poor people &
access to Natural Resources (to grow
something or start some Economic
Activity like DAIRY, GOAT/SHEEP
rearing etc.)
• Example – Through SHG Finance.
• (iv) Providing Cheap Credit to poor
house-holds through following Agencies:
• PACS, SHGs, NGO’s-RRB, CCBs & CBs.
69. • (v) Introducing income transfer scheme
(Maha- NREGA) including provision of
PDS system of subsidized Cheaper Food.
• PACS/Banks have started financing in
many parts of our country (in Remote
area).
• (vi) Keeping constant the price of Food.
• (vii) Special arrangement of Food during
National disasters like Drought, Flood etc.
70. NATIONAL FOOD SECURITY MISSION:
• (Under XIth Plan 2007-12)
• National Development Council have
decided to increase the production of
RICE, WHEAT & PULSES by 10, 8, & 2
Million Tonnes respectively, by the end of
XIth Five year Plan period.
71. • FOOD SECURITY AND NUTRITION:
• In India, under-nutrition is a problem
for :--
a) Pregnant and Lactating women.
b) Vitamin –A deficiency exist in newly born
child.
c) Iron deficiency in women & child.
d) Iodized salt is not in the reach of all poor
(Non-availability of Balanced Diet.).
72. • PDS have been redesigned as Targeted PDS
(TPDS) where higher rates of subsidies have
been given to the poor and the poorest among
poor.( For Tribals in Hilly and Desert & Remote
area).
• Govt. have introduced Food Coupons. Poor
person has better choice to buy outside the
PDS outlets. Smart Card system have also
been introduced by Govt. (it will reduce bogus
Ration-cards)
• *************
73.
74. • BALANCED DIET :
• Balanced Diet is still not available to
every Indian which consists of :-
• 1. Needed Cereals (Wheat, Rice, Maize)
• 2. Necessary quantity of Pulses (Gram,
Peas, Urad, Moong, Arhar, Soyabean etc.)
• 3. Needed Vegetables & Fruits
• 4. Fish, Egg, Meat etc.
75. • GOVT.’S FOOD SECURITY SYSTEM :--
• (PDS STSTEM): Food-grain and other
items of food are available in open market
for every-one. But for poor people and
BPL families Govt. have developed a
system of distribution known as P.D.S.
• Govt. is making available Food grains
to poor/BPL families through PDS at …..
76. • Subsidised rates i.e. at lower rate than
market rate. But still it is not reaching to
all needy house-holds.
• GOVT. NEEDS TO IMPROVE ITS
EXISTING SYSTEM AS UNDER :--
• (I) Increasing Employment opportunities
(by opening more distribution depot or
centers).
77. • (ii) Promoting Rural Dev. that focuses on
the Poor (Employment opportunities to
earn so that they can buy food-grains and
other items as Nutrition-Food.).
• (iii)Allotment of land to poor people and
access to Natural Resources (to grow
something or start some Economic Activity
like Dairy, Goat/Sheep rearing etc.)
79. • (v) Introducing income transfer scheme
i.e. NREGA including provision of PDS
system of subsidised cheaper food.
• PACS/RRBs and other banks have
started it, in many parts of our country.
• (vi) Keeping constant the Price of Food-
grain.
• (vii) Special arrangement of food during….
80. • National Disasters like Drought, Flood,
Earth-quack and other Natural- calamities.
• NATIONAL FOOD SECURITY MISSION
(Under XIth plan 2007-2012):-
• National Development Council decided to
increase the production of Rice, Wheat,
and Pulses by 10,8 and 2 Million Tonnes
respectively, by the end of the plan period.
81. • FOOD SECURITY AND NUTRITION :-
• In India, under-nutrition is a problem for –
• (i) Pregnant and Lactating women.
• (ii) Vitamin-’A’ deficiency exist in newly
born child.
• (iii) Iron deficiency in women & Child.
• (iv) Iodised Salt is not in the reach of all
poor.
82. ROLE OF INFORMATION TECHN-
OLOGY IN RURAL DEV.
• IT is the industry in which Computers and
other supporting equipments are used for
spread of knowledge.
• IT means Computers and Communication
Technology along-with associated
Software.
• IT is IVth Factor of production (for Rural
people/farmers).
83. Factors of Production are :
• I - LAND
• II- LABOUR
• III- CAPITAL
• IV- INFORMATION (through –
• Technology)
• Thus, Information is used as a Raw-
Material of knowledge.
84. • IT has integrated the world by the use of
INTERNET.
• It is possible to download Information from
any part of the world after the introduction
of WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW).
• TYPES OF COMMUNICATION:
Two Types:
• (1) Basic Communication Infrastructure.
• (2) New Communication Technology.
85. • 1. BASIC COMMUNICATION
INFRASTRUCTURE:
• (A) News-paper
– (B) Radio
– (C) Television
– (D) Telephone
(2) NEW COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY:
(a) Computer (b) Mobile (c) Internet/
Broad-band and (d) Fax with Phone & Photo
86. • GOI Programmes on Net-work planned as
under ( for Rural Development):-
• 1. Educational Programme through
Satellite (1975-76) for Farmers started.
• 2. Health Programmes on TV.
• 3. Family Planning Programmes (through
Inset system in 1983.
• 4.Distance Education system (Television)
87. • Audio-Visual Medium started in 1986.
• Other Rural Dev. Programmes through
Television Sets. (At Gram Panchayat
Level for villagers).
• GOI has made arrangements for linking all
the Agril. Institutions and KRISHI VIGYAN
KENDRA’s (Farm Science Centers) at
District level for Farmers Capacity
Development Centers.
88. • Agril. Universities (46 + 1 CAU) - 47
• Krishi Vigyan Kendras -589
• Farmers has been connected with these
Institutions/Kendra upto 2007.
• KISAN CALL CENTRES: (Toll Free-1551):
• Farmers are getting information through
KCC from any part of country. Queries of
Farmers are answered on Telephone.
89. • Farmers can contact AGRIL. SCIENTISTS
between 9.00 AM to 6.00PM to clarify
their doubts and get Technological and
marketing information on :--
• (i) Agriculture, (2) Animal Husbandry,
• (iii) Fisheries, (4) Horticulture and
allied fields.
90. • SYSTEM OF ANSWERING TO
QUERRIES OF FARMERS:-
• Level -1 : Agril.Under-graduates answer
• the queries of Farmers
• (Students are trained).
• Level -2 : Scientists of the University
• answer the queries (SMS)
91. • SMS are from Agronomy, Plant Pathology,
Entomology, Soil Science ,Dairy
Technology etc.
• Level – 3 : Nodal Agency gives the reply
• within 72 hours to the caller.
• Nodal Agency may be any one of the
following: -1. Agril. University.
• 2. Agril. (Govt.) Department.
92. • Extension Education Department,
• Outsource Agency (well identified and
notofied ).
• Information to farmers and rural people is
given through following means of IT :-
• 1. RADIO MEDIA : Chopal, Gram Sansar,
Krishi-Varta, Kheti Aur Kisan, Krishi
Gyan,Krishi Darshan etc.
• 2. FM –RADIO: Gyan wani (At Fixed time).
93. • 3. Television Media: Govt. Programmes are
providing information to farmers from time to
time.
• 4. E-tv.- Gives Agril. Programmes.
• 5. E-Governance :- It is an official Website of
State Govt. to know the information on Agril. and
Rural activities.
• 6. INTERNET KIOSKS: e-mail and voice-mail
for use by Bankers for Rural people. Information
about loan facility, interest rates etc.
94. • Thus, now a days the Technological
guidance is available at the village level to
improve the production and earn more
with market information- for better living.
• INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY has to be
transformed to villages. It will reduce
poverty. Vision-2025 can be achieved.
95. • Traditional systems are Cost-effective so
far as information knowledge is required to
be made available to Rural people as
compared to Information Technology.
• INFORMATION NEEDS TO BE :
• (a) Authentic
• (b) Timely available
• (c) To all rural people, for Rural Dev.
96. • WORK DONE ON I.T. BY SOME STATES:
• 1. Tamil Nadu (Veterinary & Animal Sc.
University)
• 2. Karnataka (Agril. University).
• 3. Rajasthan (Agril. University).
• 4. Like-wise other Universities are also there.
• I.T. and Rural Extension have been done by
T.N. University in India.
97. • THEME: Some villages have to be
identified as HUB or Centre for information
in every block/district to cater to the needs
of Farmers and other rural people.
Following Experts requires at such Centre:
• 1.Agril. Deptt.
• 2. Animal Husbandry Dept.
• 3. Health Department.
98. • INFORMATION MAY BE GIVEN TO
YOUTH REGARDING FOLLOWING
AREAS:
• 1. About various Crops.
• 2. Seeds, Hybreed Seeds (H.Y.Variety).
• 3. Types of Fertilizers to be used :
– (a) Chemical, (b) Compost, (c) Organic (d)
Bone-ash. (e) Neem-leaves (f) other
manures. (Cow-dung etc.)
99. • 4. Quantity to be used (Per Acre)
• 5. Time for sowing different Crops.
• 6. Time for giving Irrigation & Fertilizer .
• 7. Pest Control
• 8. Insect control and its treatment.
• 9. Soil Treatment and Testing.
• 10.Testing of Water (saline water).
• 11.Market price of various Commodities.
100. • 12. Availability of various inputs & Economics.
• 13. Treatment of Live-stocks/Animals
• 14.Marketing of Agril. produce & Milk.
• 15. Health issues.
• 16.Youth employment schemes- Self-
Employment Schemes.
• 17.SHG/NGO/MFIs.
• 18 TRYSEM,NERGA, PMGSY/ other schemes.
• 19. Any other relevant issues of RD.
101. • 4. Panchayati Raj.Deptt.(3-Tier system)
• 5. Education Deptt. (Primary & Secondry)
• 6. Bank (Lead Bank or its Agency Bank)
– The above department experts will give
Training and Skill Development Trg. To local
area people who are basicallly educated
(X/XII Pass) youth to take this task to give
services to Rural People. It will also fulfil the
implementation of PURA-Model of RD.
104. • WOMEN HEADED ENTERPRISES AND THEIR
ROLE IN NEW RURAL ECONOMIC
STRUCTURE.
• WOMEN WITH HISTORY:
• 1. Kamla Nehru - Brave,& connected
• with Freedom movement.
• 2. Kasturba Gandhi –Freedom Movement.
• 3. Sarojini Naidu --Freedom Movement.
• 4. Queen of Jhansi –Laxmi Bai (for courage &
Glory in History)
105. • NOTABLE WOMEN IN INDIA:-
• 1. Peot: Mahadevi Verma
• 2. Administrator: Ahilyabai of Holkar.
• 3. Ist Women Ambassador : Mrs. Vijay
Laxmi Pandit.
• 4. Prime Minister : Mrs. Indira Gandhi
• 5.Ist Lady I.P.S. Officer :Smt. Kiran Bedi
(and now Social Activist).
106. • 6. Mrs.Pratibha Devi Singh Patil –Hon’ble
President of India.
• 7. Indian Lady in Space :- Kalpna Chawla.
WOMEN ENTERPRENEURS :-
1. Smt. Jaswanti Ben Popat (80 years)
completed 50 years in business of
“LIZZAT PAPAD”.
2. Chanda Kocchar –ED –ICICI Bank.
108. 10.Ritu Kumar- Fashion Designer
11. RITU NANDA-CEO,ESCO-LIFE.
12. Shahnaz Hussain-CEO,Shahnaz Herb.
13..Renuka Ramnath-CEO-ICICI Ventures
14. SIMON TATA-Chairman-TREND LTD.
15. Elaben Bhatt- SEWA BANK (1972)MFI
and several other women are there.
109. SHRI MAHILA GRIHA UDYOG ,
LIJJAT PAPAD (1959)
IT IS A UNIQUE ORGANISATION.
--OF THE WOMEN
--BY THE WOMEN
--FOR THE WOMEN.
Started in 1959 by Jaswanti Ben.
Members – 7 (Seven only when started)
Capital – Rs.80/- (as loan from Individual)
110. • Place of start :Girgaum in Mumbai
• Registration : 1966 –under Soc.Reg.Act
• 1860 & after wards Reg.Under Coop.Soc.
• Recognition :By KVIC as a Village Industry
• OBJECTIVE: To provide Employment to
the ladies to enable them to earn decent
and dignified livelihood.
111. • WHO CAN BE A MEMBER :
• Any women who can render Physical-
work and agrees to abide by the Objective
of the Institution (without distinction of
Caste, Creed & Colour) from the date she
starts working.
• TIME FOR PAPAD PRODUCTION :
• At 4.30 A.M. (in morning)
112. • COLLECTION OF MEMBERS: By Bus
from Residence to the branch and back to
home.
• BRANCH HEAD: Sanchalika (to see the
production of Branch).
• CENTRAL MANAGING COMMITTEE:
21 Members.
113. • ELECTED OFFICE BEARERS : 6 (SIX)
• ( Out of 21 members)
• 1. President :Smt. Jyoti Naik
– 2. Vice-President: Smt. Pratibha E. Sawant
– 3. Secretaries: (Two):
– (i) Smt. Sunanda R.Belnekar
– (ii) Smt. Swati R. Paradkar.
– 4. Treasurer (2)-(i) Smt.Priyanka G. Redkar
(ii) Smt. Sheetal s. Koyande
114. • STATUS OF BRANCHES:
• All branches are autonomous units.
Owner of branch is sister-members.
Branch income or loss is to be borne by
the branch members.
• REASONS OF RAPID GROWTH :
• 1. Consistence Vigilence
• 2. Maintaining Quality of Papad.
• 3. Hard-work by sister members.
115. OTHER PRODUCTS:
• (I) Khakhra (ii) Wadi
• (iii) Masala (iv) Chapatis
• (v) Detergent Powder & Cake (SASA Br.)
• (vi) Gehu Atta (vii) Bakery Products.
• N0. of Branches - 69 (Mumbai as Central
office.
• No. of Divisions - 35
• Self Employment to : 4500 sister-
members
116. • Annual Sales Turn-over : >Rs.500 Crores.
• Annual Export Turn-over: >Rs.25 Crores.
• Export to more than 10 Countries:--
• USA, UK, Middle East countries, Japan,
Thailand, Hongkong, Australia & other
countries.
• Export is done through Marketing Agents.
117. • VARIOUS NATIONAL AWARDS:
• (1) Best Village industries Institution for
1998-99 (KVIC) by former President
A.P.J. Abdul Kalam.
• (2) Business Women of the year
“Economic Times Award” – (6-9-2002)-
KVIC award by Shri Jaswant Singh.
• (3). Best village industry Institution Award
118. on 14-3-2003 by Hon’ble former PM Shri
Atal Behari Vajpayee (KVIC Award).
• It is an example of “The Strength of
Women”.
• Guide person for Lijjat Papad were Late
Shri Purshottam Damodar Dattani known
as “PITAMAHA” (Initial investment of
Rs.80/- was given by him).
119. • CORE VALUE : ‘WORK IS WORSHIP’
• Three Concepts are there:-
1. The Concept of BUSINESS
2. The Concept of FAMILY and
3. The Concept of DEVOTION.
OTHER FEATURES:
• - Quality Goods Production
• - Reasonable Price
• - No Charity, No Donation, No Gift, No Grant is
accepted.
120. • LIJJAT MEANS : IJJAT OF LADIES
• Reputation of Ladies.
• Reputation of Product
• Reputation of Papad
LOGO: RABBIT-PUPPET –KURRAM –
KURRAM –LIJJAT PAPAD.
122. FIVE ATTRIBUTES FOR WOMEN
ENTERPRENEUR
• 1. Self Involvement in Work.
• 2. Financial Resources (Resource-full)
• 3. Risk-taking (upto some extent)
• 4. Initiative (to start work)
• 5. Accepting Challenges of Future
(changes and Innovation).
• Women have so-many Strengths. Needs
Motivation & Training to get full Success.
