Extension Training Manual

1. Weed Management in Fodder Crops
Pijush Kanti Mukherjee
Senior Scientist, Division of Extension Education,
ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243122, UP
Email:pkm_agronomt@yahoo.co.in

2. Rotovator plough
Catastrophic change
Insecticide Fungicide
Grain crop
Herbicide
Disc plough and disc harrow
Fodder crop
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

3. Total number of individual of weed species in all quadrates
Absolute density (D) = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total number of quadrates employed
Absolute density for a given species
Relative density (RD) = --------------------------------------------------------- X 100
Total absolute density for all species
Quadrates in which species occurs
Absolute (F%) frequency = ----------------------------------------------------- X 100
Total number of quadrates employed
Absolute frequency value for a species
Relative frequency (RF) = --------------------------------------------------------------- X 100
Total of absolute frequency value for all species
Importance value (I.V.) = Relative density + Relative frequency
Importance value
Summed Dominance Ratio (SDR) = ---------------------------------------
2
Raju, R.A. (1997). Field manual for weed
ecology and herbicide research. Agrotech
Publishing Academy, Udaipur p 78. Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

4. 0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Trianthema sp. Coccinia grandis Celosia
argentea
Amaranthus
viridis
Cleome viscosa Grasses Sedges
Distribution of weed flora during the month of April-2016
Absolute Density (AD)
Relative Density (RD)
Absolute Frequency
Relative Frequency
(RF)
Importance Value
Summed Dominanace
Ratio (SDR)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Trianthema sp. Coccinia grandisCelosia argentea Amaranthus
viridis
Cleome viscosa Grasses Sedges
Absolute Density (AD)
Relative Density (RD)
Absolute Frequency
Relative Frequency (RF)
Importance Value
Summed Dominanace
Ratio (SDR)
Distribution of weed flora during the month of April-2015
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

5. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Trianthema sp. Coxinia grandis Celosia
argentea
Amaranthus
viridis
Cleome viscosa Grasses Sedges
Distribution of weed flora during the month of May-2016
Absolute Density (AD)
Relative Density (RD)
Absolute Frequency
Relative Frequency (RF)
Importance Value
Summed Dominanace
Ratio (SDR)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Trianthema sp. Coccinia grandis Celosia
argentea
Amaranthus
viridis
Cleome viscosa Grasses Sedges
Absolute Density (AD)
Relative Density (RD)
Absolute Frequency
Relative Frequency (RF)
Importance Value
Summed Dominanace Ratio
(SDR)
Distribution of weed flora during the month of May-2015
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

6. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Trianthema sp. Coccinia
grandis
Celosia
argentea
Amaranthus
viridis
Cleome viscosa Grasses Sedges
Distribution of weed flora during the month of June-2016
Absolute Density (AD)
Relative Density (RD)
Absolute Frequency
Relative Frequency (RF)
Importance Value
Summed Dominanace
Ratio (SDR)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Trianthema sp. Coccinia grandisCelosia argentea Amaranthus
viridis
Cleome viscosa Grasses Sedges
Absolute Density (AD)
Relative Density (RD)
Absolute Frequency
Relative Frequency
(RF)
Importance Value
Summed Dominanace
Ratio (SDR)
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

7. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Trianthema sp. Coccinia
grandis
Celosia
argentea
Amaranthus
viridis
Cleome viscosa Grasses Sedges
Distribution of weed flora during the month of July-2016
Absolute Density (AD)
Relative Density (RD)
Absolute Frequency
Relative Frequency (RF)
Importance Value
Summed Dominanace Ratio
(SDR)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Trianthema sp. Coccinia
grandis
Celosia
argentea
Amaranthus
viridis
Cleome viscosa Grasses Sedges
Absolute Density
(AD)
Relative Density (RD)
Absolute Frequency
Relative Frequency
(RF)
Importance Value
Summed Dominanace
Ratio (SDR)
Distribution of weed flora during the month of July-2015
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

8. Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

9. 15
T T
09
10
14T
04
Distribution of Trianthema
within fodder farm
17
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

10. Each Trianthema flower can
produce 8 to 12 seeds and one
mature Trianthema plant under
crop field condition can produce
28 to 42 flowers altogether can
produce total 224 to 504 seeds.
The plant can set seeds
within 5 to 7 days after
flowering i.e within one
month after emergence
The plant produces
flower within 18 to
22 after emergence
Seeds take 6 to
17 days for
germination in
moist condition
The plant produces flower
within 14-16 after regrowth
Regrowth from
fragmented plant parts
Fragmented plant parts after
tillage operation
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

11. Salient characters of Trianthema:
• Rapid and continuous flowering
• Quick seed setting and seed maturity
Seeds present in fragmented
plant parts takes 14 to17
days to put forth the new
growth
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

12. It has the capacity to multiply through vegetative means (High regeneration capacity)
Fine lateral roots
are coming out
Fragmented plant parts put forth new
growth and it flowers within 12 to 14 days
New flush of
leave in
fragmented
plant parts
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

13. 2 to 3 % of the total
current seeds
germinate within 6
days after starting of
imbibition, majority of
the seeds germinate
within 17 to 20 days
after imbibition and
remaining seeds
germinate afterwards.
In field condition initially a
few seeds germinate after pre-
sowing irrigation and reach to
the flowering and seed setting
stage when majority of the
seeds start to germinate.
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

14. Length of the
coleoptile is 2.2
cm which
means seeds
reside within
2.2 cm depth of
soil can
germinate and
emerge over the
soil surface
Wide range of
adaptation
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

15. Enforced dormancy
Soil surface
Turning the soil up to 15 to
20 cm depth leading to
breaking dormancy of
previous season seeds and
imposing enforced
dormancy of current season
seeds.
11 cm
15 cm
2-3 cm depth
12 cm
18 cm
20 cm
Tillage/Intensive tillage
From 10 samples points, an average
population of 3.9 i.e 4 earthworm got
affected due to tillage operation in
0.25 m2 area.
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

16. Endozoochory dissemination
6
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

17. 1.15 meter
8
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

18. Weather condition: rainfall and
alternate wetting and drying.
Tillage:
• Breaking and imposing
enforced dormancy.
• Fragmentation of plant
parts
Strong physiology for
propagation and adaptation
• Rapid and continuous seed setting
• Early seed setting
• More than 80% germination of current seeds
• Variation on current seed germination
• Vegetative propagation
• Wide range of adaptation
• Endozoocory dessimination
High invasion and
long persistence
capacity
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

19. • Growing of fast growing competitive crops like cowpea, green manuring crops like
Sesbania (Dhaincha) and Crotalaria (Sannhemp)
Cowpea compete successfully with Trianthema and shows good smothering effect on the weed
Good seed
germination of
Sannhemp
(Cotalaria juncea)
under adequate
soil moisture led
to proper crop
establishment and
that showed good
smothering effect
on Trianthema
Deep tillage and
poor seed
germination due
to low soil
moisture
condition caused
poor crop
establishment
and that resulted
in aggressive
growth of
Trianthema
Weakness
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

20. Maize+Cowpea mixed cropping
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

21. Complementary effect of Cowpea
On maize
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

22. Supplementary effect of Cowpea
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

23. Competitive effect of Cowpea
On maize
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

24. Biological stress
Insect voraciously feeds Trianthema leave. High feeding activity was observed in high humid condition with
rainfall. Dense foliage coverage develops high humidity in micro-climate leading to high feeding activity of insect.
The natural infection on leave of Trianthema sp. identified as leaf spot disease has occurred in high
humid condition with rainfall.

25. No new growth from
the fragmented plant
parts was observed
10 days old Trianthema plant
Incorporation of Trianthema at
early stage (10 days old plant)
hampers its regeneration capacity
by vegetative means
Sensitivity to the action of herbicide
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

26. • High soil moisture and submerged condition
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

27. 0
9
Distribution of Celosia argentea
within fodder farm
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

28. Celosia argentea is an associated weed of
fodder sorghum as it prefers to grow well
within the canopy of sorghum.
Healthy mature plant of Celosia
argentea can produce 12 to 19
flowers and each flower can
produce 143 to 184 seeds,
altogether can produce 1,716 to
3,496 seeds when associated with
sorghum.
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

29. No. 9 Tube well
No. 9 Tube well
New CARI Building
New CARI Building
Library road
Library road
Celosia argentea
was associated
with fodder
sorghum and
turning the land
to cowpea
reduced
population and
seed production
capacity of this
weed
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

30. Both prostrate and trailing
growth habit of cowpea
seriously interfere with growth
and seed production of weeds

31. Total no. of sample:8
Area: 50 cm X 50 cm Depth: 20 cm
Maximum no. of earthworm: 09
Minimum of earthworm: 05
Average no. of earthworm:06 in 0.25 m2 area
Earthworm population in the field grown with fodder cowpea
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

32. Total no. of sample:8
Area: 50 cm X 50 cm Depth: 20 cm
Maximum no. of earthworm: 05
Minimum of earthworm: 01
Average no. of earthworm: 2.25 in 0.25 m2 area 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Cowpea Sorghum
Earthworm population
Earthworm
population
Earthworm population in the field grown with fodder sorghum
Dr P K
Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

33. No current seed
germination
was recorded
after 20 days of
imbibition.
7.1875
100
1.4375
31.25
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Absolute Density Absolute Frequency
Distribution of Celosia argentea in sorghum
and cowpea
Sorghum
Cowpea
Celosia argentea produced 2 to 5
flowers and each flower produced
78 to 116 seeds, altogether can
produce 156 to 580 seeds when
the weed was associated with
cowpea.
368
2606
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Cowpea Sorghum
Average seed production capacity of Celosia
argentea
Average seed
production per plant
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

34. 09
10
T03
19
05
Distribution of Coccinia grandis
within fodder farm
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

35. One mature Coccinia grandis
plant can produce 18 to 27
fruits and each fruit can
produce 136 to 164 seeds
altogether can produce total
2934 to 4428 seeds.
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

36. 10
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

37. Endozoochory dissemination
12
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

38. Strong character: Numerous seed production
Major weakness:. It has been observed that berseem cultivation during winter
season under puddled condition reduced infestation of Coccinia grandis in
summer and kharif fodder crops. This indicates that puddling operation has
influence in destroying germination capacity of the seeds and thus reducing seed
bank potential of Coccinia grandis.
42
3
Oat-Maize Berseem-Maize
Absolute density of Coccinia grandis
Absolute density
100
25
Oat-Maize Berseem-Maize
Absolute frequency of Coccinia
grandis
Absolute frequency
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

39. 10
05
08
07
Distribution of Cleome viscosa
within fodder farm
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

40. Single pod of Cleome viscosa can produce 84 to
117 seeds and one mature Cleome viscosa plant
can produce 8 to 15 pods altogether can produce
672 to 1755.
13
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

41. Endozoochory dissemination
14
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

42. Irrigation channels
are exposed to high
weed pressure
15
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

43. Oat field
Biotic pressure
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

44. Oat field
26
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

45. Development of caterpillar
population between 2nd and
3rd cutting of berseem during
2nd fortnight of February.
Migration of caterpillar
Infestation of caterpillar to the
adjacent oat fields after 3rd
cutting of berseem. The insects
migrate to the surrounding
adjacent fields once oat reaches
to maturity or after harvesting
of oat and berseem
Long strips along with the
oat and berseem fields of
succeeding maize and
sorghum are badly infested
by the insects.
Caterpillars damage to
the germinating seeds of
maize and sorghum
resulting in poor crop
establishment.
Development of large
weed population and
after maturity, weeds
contribute large
amount of seeds to
the soil seed bank for
future weed flushes.
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

46. Eating of caterpillars by crow on the road and inside the fields during evening hours
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

47. Abiotic stress
Urea toxicity on fodder maize
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

48. i) Selection of quality seed of recommended variety
-Bold seed with high germination percentage
-Take less time for germination
- Good vigour of seedling after emergence
ii) High seed rate- High density sowing
iii) Top dressing with urea fertilizer and selective crop stimulation
Good crop husbandry
(Indirect method of weed management)
• Placement of fertilizer near to the crop row
• Adoption of management practices those only stimulate the crop growth
21
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

49. Stale seedbed technique
Stale seedbed: is one where 1 to 2 flushes of weeds are destroyed before
planting of main crop. The main advantage of stale seedbed is that the crop
will germinate in weed free environment.
22
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

50. Advantage of Stale Seedbed technique
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

51. Incoming solar radiation
High density planting
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

52. • Integration of perennial forage on bunds and boundaries.
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

53. Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

54. Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

55. 19
07
0818
Cyperus esculentus
and Cyperus iria
Cyperus rotundus
Grasses (Eleusine
indica, Echinochloa
colona, Digitaria sp.
Amaranthus viridis
03
Brachiaria ramosa
Distribution of other
broadleaved weeds, grasses and
sedges within the fodder farm
03
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

56. 0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Coronopus didymus Rumex dentatus Cichorium intybus Poa annua
Absolute density
Relative density
Absolute frequency
Relative frequency
Importance value
Summed dominance ratio
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Coronopus
didymus
Rumex dentatus Cichorium
intybus
Poa annua Spilanthes sp.
Absolute density
Relative density
Absolute frequency
Relative frequency
Importance value
Summed dominance
ratio
Distribution of weed flora during November, 2014
Distribution of weed flora during November, 2015
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

57. 0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Coronopus didymus Rumex dentatus Cichorium intybus Poa annua
Absolute density
Relative density
Absolute frequency
Relative frequency
Importance value
Summed dominance ratio
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Coronopus
didymus
Rumex dentatus Cichorium intybus Poa annua Spilanthes sp.
Absolute density
Relative density
Absolute frequency
Relative frequency
Importance value
Summed dominance
ratio
Distribution of weed flora during December, 2014
Distribution of weed flora during December, 2015
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

58. 0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Coronopus didymus Rumex dentatus Cichorium intybus Poa annua
Absolute density
Relative density
Absolute frequency
Relative frequency
Importance value
Summed dominance ratio
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Coronopus didymus Rumex dentatus Cichorium intybus Poa annua Spilanthes sp.
Absolute density
Relative density
Absolute frequency
Relative frequency
Importance value
Summed dominance ratio
Distribution of weed flora during January, 2015
Distribution of weed flora during January, 2016
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

59. 0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Coronopus didymus Rumex dentatus Cichorium intybus Poa annua
Absolute density
Relative density
Absolute frequency
Relative frequency
Importance value
Summed dominance ratio
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Coronopus didymus Rumex dentatus Cichorium intybus Poa annua Spilanthes sp.
Absolute density
Relative density
Absolute frequency
Relative frequency
Importance value
Summed dominance ratio
Distribution of weed flora during February, 2015
Distribution of weed flora during February, 2016
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

60. 05
10
14
04
09
Distribution of Rumex
dentatus within the fodder
farm
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

61. 0410
09
Distribution of Cichorium
intybus within the fodder
farm
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

62. 10 04
14
05
Distribution of Coronopus
didymus within the fodder
farm
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

63. Mixed cropping of berseem and gobhi sarson (Brassica napus) reduced infestation of
the weed (Coronopus didymus)
37.04
20.48 19.64
8.28 8.57
4.2
N-14 N-15 D-14 D-15 J-15 J-16
Absolute density of
Coronopus didymus
Absolute density
100
64
78.57
36
57.14
28
N-14 N-15 D-14 D-15 J-15 J-16
Absolute frequency of
Coronopus didymus
Absolute frequency
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

64. No tilled surface seeded berseem within rice residue
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

65. Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

66. Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

67. List of weeds appear in fodder and grain crops at Fodder Farm of IVRI, Bareilly
Grasses: Cynodon dactylon (in fodder maize)
Echinochloa colona (in fodder maize, multicut sorghum and cowpea)
Echinochloa glabrescens (in fodder maize, multicut sorghum and cowpea)
Echinochloa crusgalli (in rice)
Panicum maximum (Non-cropped area)
Paspalum disticum (in fodder maize and multicut sorghum)
Eleusine indica ( in fodder maize and non-crop area)
Digitaria longiflora (in fodder maize, multicut sorghum and cowpea)
Digitaria ciliaris ( in fodder maize, multicut sorghum and cowpea)
Dactyloctenium aegyptium (in non-crop area)
Sorghum halapense (in non-crop area)
Setaria glauca (in fodder maize)
Panicum repense (in rice and non-crop area)
Phalaris minor (in wheat)
Poa annua (in berseem and oat)
Sedges: Cyperus rotundus (in fodder maize, cowpea and non-crop area)
Cyperus esculentus ( in fodder sorghum and fodder maize)
Cyperus iria ( in rice and fodder sorghum)
Cyperus flavidus (in rice)
Cyperus pilosus (in non-crop area)
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

68. Broadleaved weed:
Trianthema portulacastrum (in fodder maize and cowpea)
Trianthema monogyne (in fodder maize and cowpea)
Ludwigia parviflora ( in rice)
Ageratum conyzoides (in fodder maize and non-crop area)
Cleome viscosa (in fodder maize)
Physalis minima (in fodder maize, wheat and mustard)
Amaranthus viridis ( in fodder maize and cowpea)
Commelina benghalensis ( in fodder maize)
Commelina diffusa ( in fodder maize)
Rumex dentatus (in berseem and oat)
Cichorium intybus (in berseem)
Coronopus didymus (in berseem)
Spilanthes calva (in berseem)
Chenopodium album (in wheat, early summer multicut sorghum, mustard and cowpea)
Solanum nigrum (in wheat and mustard)
Sonchus oleraceus (in mustard)
Parthenium hysterophorus (in non-crop area)
Cannabis sativa (in non-crop area)
Medicago denticulate (in berseem and non-crop area)
Melilotus alba (in berseem)
Malva parviflora (in non-crop area)
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

69. Cyperus esculentus Cyperus rotundus Cyperus iria Celosia argentea Commelina diffusa
Echinochloa colona
Eleusine indica
Dactyloctenium aegyptium
Digitaria ciliaris
Panicum maximum ?
Coccinia grandis
Chemical
analysis for
crude
protein,
crude fibre,
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

70. Panicum maximum (Ecotype?) has the
tremendous capacity to suppress the growth of
Parthenium
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

71. 47
34.3
24.3
55
45.3
58
44.7
34
64.7
59.3
JHO 822 JHO-99-1 JHO-851 JO-1 JO-2
Performence of different oat varieties at the fodder
farm of ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar
(2nd Year)
Yield (tonne/ha) at 60 DAS Yield (tonne/ha) at 70 DAS
The variety JO-1 showed
superiority of green fodder
yield and 17.02 and 11.56 %
increment on green fodder
yield was obtained from JO-1
over JHO-822 at 60 and 70
DAS, respectively.
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

72. Symptom of Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus Disease (BYDV) in Oat
• Symptoms take at least 3 weeks to appear after infection.
• The virus is usually spread by aphids from infected grasses to crops.
• Symptoms of YDV can be confused with those caused by nutrient
deficiencies, waterlogging or other plant stresses.
• Resistant varieties when available are the preferred option
for management. So far JHO 822 and JO-1showed certain degree of
resistant against BYDV at the fodder farm of IVRI.
KentKent
JHO-99-1
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

73. Conclusion
• The varieties JO-1 and JHO-822 have been found out as promising
varieties of oat based of green fodder yielding capacity, dry matter
yield (%) and incidence of barley yellow dwarf virus disease (BYDV).
• JHO-822 should be harvested within 75 to 80 days after sowing.
• JHO-822 was susceptible to lodging resulted in loss of green fodder
yield beyond 80 days after sowing.
• JO-1 is a multicut variety and therefore, first cutting could be taken
within 60 to 70 days after sowing in order to harness the benefits of
green fodder production into successive cuttings.
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

74. Evaluation of duel purpose wheat variety
Two dual purpose wheat varieties VL Gehun 616 and VL Gehum 829 released from
ICAR-VPKAS, Almora were evaluated at the fodder farm of ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar with
the objective to study green fodder cum grain production capacity of these varieties
under Barielly condition.
12.48
25.3
15.82
28.6
Dry matter (%) Green Fodder Production
at 57 DAS (tonnes/ha)
Dry matter (%) and green fodder
yield (tonnes/ha)
VL Gehun 829 VL Gehun 616
The data reveal that the variety VL Gehun 616 has recorded 3.3 tonnes/ha
higher green fodder production and 3.34% higher dry matter production as
compared to VL Gehun 829. Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

75. Even though VL Gehun 616 recorded comparatively higher green fodder and dry matter
production, however, it showed poor regeneration capacity after cutting in terms of effective tiller
formation. VL Gehun 829 has showed its potential for regeneration after cutting and recorded 114
more number of panicle/m2 than that of VL Gehun 616.
12.68
157
52
40.96
13.05
43
53
42.64
Length of Panicle
(cm)
No. of Panicle/sqm No. grain/panicle 1000 seed weight (g)
Yield attributing character
VL Gehun 829 VL Gehun 616
VLGehun 829 VL Gehun 829 VL Gehun 616
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

76. Higher number of panicle/m2
contributed the grain yield on
account of 3.34 tonnes/ha of the
variety VL Gehun 829 . Poor
regeneration capacity of VL Gehun
616 resulted in low grain yield of
0.97 tonnes/ha.
VL Gehun 616 VL Gehun 616
25.3
28.6
VL Gehun 829 VL Gehun 616
Green Fodder Production at 57 DAS
(tonnes/ha)
Green Fodder Production at 57 DAS (tonnes/ha)
VL Gehun 829 VL Gehun 829
VL Gehun 616
3.34
0.97
VL Gehun 829 VL Gehun 616
Grain Yield (tonnes/ha)
Grain Yield (tonnes/ha)
VL Gehun 616
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

77. Conclusion
• VL Gehun 829 has been identified as a promising dual purpose wheat variety
under Barielly condition because of its good regeneration capacity after cutting
resulted in desirable green fodder cum grain production.
• Further evaluation needs to be done on VL Gehun for 2nd cutting against the
lodging tendency and inclusion of gobhi sarson (Brassica napus) for total green
fodder cum grain production capacity.
• Good regeneration capacity helped the variety VL Gehun 829 to compete
successfully with the weeds Rumex dentatus and Spilanthes paniculata.
• VL Gehun 829 showed susceptibility against foliar blight disease.
• VL Gehun 829 showed susceptibility against lodging during grain filling stage
due to tall nature of the variety.
• Lodging tendency
• Successfully compete with the
weed flora
VLGehun 829 VL Gehun 616
Dr P K Mukherjee
IVRI, Bareilly

78. Thank you