3. RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND
• have uniform
height and
growth
• have short leaf
sheaths
• have long,
dense roots
• no pest damage
Importance of Key Check 4
What are healthy
seedlings?
4. RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND
4
Importance of Key Check 4
- produce
good canopy
- have good
root system
- free from
pest damage
- can avail of
sufficient
sunlight and
soil nutrients
- can easily
recover from
transplanting
shock
- higher
survival rate
produce
sufficient
productive
tillers
increased
potential
for higher
yield
HEALTHY SEEDLINGS
5. RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND
Followed the recommended seeding rate
of 20 to 40 kg/ha inbred rice seeds.
Ensured hill density of at least 25 hills/m2
(manual) or at least 21 hills/m2
(mechanical).
Ensured 1 healthy seedling per hill.
Assessment of Key Check 4
Transplanted rice (TPR)
6. RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND
1. Assess the health status of
seedlings at 10 DAT.
2. Randomly select 3 sampling
locations at least 1m from
the levee and in a diagonal
line across the field.
3. Count the hills from each
location using a 1m x 1m
quadrat (manual) or 1.1m x
0.9m quadrat (mechanical).
How to assess the health status of
transplanted seedlings
1m
1m
6
Transplanted rice (TPR)
1m
1m
1.1m
0.9m
manual mechanical
7. RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND
4. Add the counts and divide by 3 to get the average
number of hills/m2. There should be:
How to assess the health status of transplanted
seedlings
5. In every parcel, randomly
select 10 hills. Each hill should
have at least 1 healthy
seedling.
Manual at least 25 hills/m2 with at least 1 healthy seedling/hill
Mechanical at least 21 hills/m2 with at least 1 healthy seedling/hill
Transplanted rice (TPR)
8. RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND
Transplanting
Method
Seeding
Rate
Minimum
Seedbed
Area
Age of
Seedlings
(days)
No. of
Seedlings
(per hill)
Planting
Distance
(cm x cm)
Manual
20-40
kg/ha
400m2 18-21 2-3
20 x 20 WS
20 x 15 DS
8
Recommendations to Achieve
Key Check 4
1. Follow the recommendations.
Mechanical
70-160
g/tray*
250-300
trays
14-18 3-6
30 x 15
WS & DS
Transplanted rice (TPR)
*Size of tray: 28cm x 58cm
9. RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND
9
Recommendations to Achieve
Key Check 4
• Sowing the right amount of seeds results in
strong and healthy seedlings.
• Straight row planting follows uniform spacing
between plants which allows for easy
management of off-types and weeding.
Transplanting method Seeding Rate
Manual 20-40 kg/ha
Mechanical 70-160 g/tray
Recommended seeding rate
Is 40 kg/ha enough?
Let’s do the math…
Transplanted rice (TPR)
10. RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND
Given: 1,000 grains has a weight of about 22 g.
To determine the number of seeds per 40 kg:
Recommended seeding rate: 40 kg/ha
1,000 seeds
22 g
= 45,000 seeds/kg
X 1,000g
kg
45,000 seeds
kg
X 40 kg = 1,800,000 seeds/40 kg
Transplanted rice (TPR)
11. RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND
Given: Certified seeds have a minimum germination rate of 85%.
To determine the estimated number of seedlings that will
grow:
Recommended seeding rate: 40 kg/ha
1,800,000 seeds
40 kg
=1,530,000 seedlings
X 0.85
Given: There are 250,000 hills/ha if we use 20x20 cm planting distance.
To determine the estimated number of seedlings you need per ha:
250,000 hills
1ha =750,000 seedlings/ha
X
3 seedlings
1 hill
Transplanted rice (TPR)
12. RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND
Recommended seeding rate: 40 kg/ha
780,000 excess seedlings
1,530,000 seedlings(produced from 40kg seeds at 85% germination rate)
- 750,000 seedlings(needed per hectare at 20x20 cm planting distance)
Clearly, 40 kg is more than
enough for 1 hectare.
Transplanted rice (TPR)
13. RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND
Recommendations to Achieve Key Check 4
• A 20m x 1m seedbed provides
enough space for seedlings to grow.
Transplanting Method Minimum Seedbed Area
Manual 400 m2
Mechanical 250-300 trays
Recommended seedbed area
Transplanted rice (TPR)
14. RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND
Characteristics of a good seedbed area
• away from light source to
protect from insect pests
• protected from rats,
birds and snails that eat
seeds
• well-leveled for even
distribution of water and
fertilizer
• not shaded
• near a water source to
ensure sufficient water for
seedling growth
• with good drainage to
avoid drowning
germinated seeds that
result in weak seedlings
• far from fields infected
with tungro and other
diseases to avoid infection
Transplanted rice (TPR)
15. RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND
Type of Soil Rate of Application
Seedbed
Size
Time of
Application
Fine-
textured 3-4 bags commercial organic fert. 400 m2 before sowing
the seeds
Medium-
textured no need to apply organic materials
Apply organic materials before leveling the seedbed.
• Use compost or any fully decomposed organic materials such as dried
animal manure, carbonized rice hull, or rice straw.
• Organic materials help loosen the soil thus, making pulling of seedlings
easier with less root damage.
Recommendations to Achieve Key Check 4
Transplanted rice (TPR)
16. RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND
Recommendations to Achieve Key Check 4
Transplanting Method Age of Seedlings
Manual 18-21
Mechanical 14-18
• Young seedlings are susceptible to golden
apple snail.
• Seedlings older than 25 days will have
difficulty recovering from transplanting stress
and will produce less tillers.
Recommended age of seedlings
Transplanted rice (TPR)
17. RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND
Recommendations to Achieve Key Check 4
Transplanting
Method
No. of Seedlings
(per hill)
Planting Distance
(cm x cm)
Manual 2-3
20 x 20 WS
20 x 15 DS
Mechanical 3-6
30 x 15
WS & DS
• Using tight spacing results in mutual shading, less
tillers, and in tall plants that are susceptible to lodging.
Transplanted rice (TPR)
18. RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND
Do not cut the
leaves of the
seedlings before
transplanting.
The cut area can be
an entry point for
disease-causing
organisms.
WARNING!
Recommendations to Achieve Key Check 4
19. RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND
Recommendations to Achieve Key Check 4
2. Replant missing hills within 7 DAT.
Transplanted rice (TPR)
20. RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND
Followed the recommended seeding
rate of 60 kg/ha for row seeding and
80 kg/ha for broadcast seeding.
Ensured plant density of 225 plants/m²
(60 kg/ha seeding rate) or 300
plants/m² (80 kg seeding rate).
Plants in each quadrat have no pest
damage and are uniform in leaf color
and plant height.
Assessment of Key Check 4
Direct wet-seeded rice (DWSR)
21. RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND
1. Assess the plant density and health
status of seedlings at 15-18 DAS.
2. Randomly select 3 sampling sites at
least 1m from the levee and in a
diagonal line across the field.
3. Use a 0.5m x 0.5m quadrat. Count the
plants in each quadrat and compute for
the average number of plants per
quadrat then multiply by 4 to
determine the average number of
plants per m².
4. In every quadrat, do visual inspection
of seedlings for uniformity in leaf color
and plant height, and for pest damage.
How to assess the health status of direct-seeded rice
1m
1m
0.5m
0.5m
Direct wet-seeded rice
22. RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND
1. Prepare the field for
seeding by following the
land preparation and
levelling recommendations
as stated in Key Check 2.
2. Protect pre-germinated
seeds from birds, rats,
snails, and weeds by
following the
recommended pest
management practices.
Recommendations to Achieve Key Check 4
Direct wet-seeded rice
23. RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND
3. Use drumseeder or broadcast
pre-germinated seeds evenly
onto the field.
4. Sow extra pre-germinated
seeds (1 kg) on the side of the
field for replanting. Replant
for bare patches with a radius
of more than 10cm within 7-
10 DAS to avoid uneven
maturity.
23
Recommendations to Achieve
Key Check 4
Direct wet-seeded rice
24. RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND
Input Output Outcome
TPR
- used proper
seeding rate
- used proper
seedbed
establishment
- implemented
straight row
planting
- proper seedling
density & spacing
- replanted missing
hills
- assessed seedling
health status
- sufficient
number of
healthy
seedlings
- easily
managed
off-types
- high yield
- high grain
quality
- high profit
- minimal
damage to
environment
25. RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND
25
Input Output Outcome
DWSR
- used proper seeding
rate
- used proper land
preparation
- done pest
management
- used proper sowing
of pre-germinated
seeds
- replanted missing
plants
- assessed seedling
health status
- sufficient
number of
healthy
seedlings
- easily
managed
off-types
- high yield
- high grain
quality
- high profit
- minimal
damage to
environment
26. RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND
Production Assistant:
Mr. Jan Adriel Daligdig
Technical Reviewers:
Dr. Arnold Juliano; Engr. Marvin Manalang;
Dr. Manuel Jose Regalado
Courseware Reviewers:
Ms. Lea dR. Abaoag; Ms. Ev Angeles
Note:
Presentation produced in 2019 based on results
of a series of consultation workshops with
PhilRice R&D staff; adapted from instructional
presentation produced by PhilRice in 2011.
You may use, remix, tweak, & build upon this
presentation non-commercially. However,
always
use with acknowledgment.
Unless otherwise stated, the names listed are
PhilRice staffers.
28. RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND
Transplanting
Method
Seeding Rate
Benefit/Advantage if
recommendation is followed
Manual
Mechanical
20-40
kg/ha
70-160
g/m2
proper seeding rate
results in strong
and healthy
seedlings
Fill-in the missing details in recommendations
Transplanted rice (TPR)
29. RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND
30
Transplanting
Method
Minimum Seedbed
Area
Benefit/Advantage if
recommendation is
followed
Manual
Mechanical
400 m2
250-300 trays
Right seedbed
allows enough
space for seedlings
to grow
Fill-in the missing details in recommendations
Transplanted rice (TPR)
30. RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND
Transplanting
Method
Age of Seedlings
Benefit/Advantage if
recommendation is
followed
Manual
Mechanical
18-21
12-16
Seedlings at
transplanted at
right age can
produce more
tillers
Fill-in the missing details in recommendations
Transplanted rice (TPR)
31. RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND
Transplanti
ng Method
No. of
Seedlings
(per hill)
Planting
Distance
(cm x cm)
Benefit/Advantage if
recommendation is
followed
Manual
Mechanical
2-3
20 x 20 WS
20 x 15 DS
Too close spacing
results in mutual
shading, less
tillers, and in tall
plants that are
susceptible to
lodging.
3-6
30 x 15
WS & DS
Fill-in the missing details in recommendations
Transplanted rice (TPR)
32. RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND
Why should replanting of missing
hills/plants be done within 7 DAT or 7-
10 DAS?
- to allow the seedlings to
cope and mature uniformly
- to ensure that required plant
density is not affected
