Presented by: M. Asaduzzaman Professorial Fellow, BIDS "Review of Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan 2009"-13 December 2013

1. From BCCSAP to Climate-smart
Development in Bangladesh
M. Asaduzzaman
Professorial Fellow, BIDS
December 13, 2013

2. Need for Revisiting BCCSAP?
• Concerns
– Slow pace of implementation
– Lack of prioritisation and ad hoc nature of
choice of projects
– Need for longer term building of climate
resilience
– New ideas related to climate change such
as loss and damage and stress on urban
vulnerability
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3. Broad Objective of Study
• To understand barriers and
constraints to BCCSAP
implementation and necessary
policy direction and coordination
due to the concerns
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4. Specific Objectives
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Prioritisation principles of programmes and
projects under BCCSAP
Explore principles of adaptation and
mainstreaming
Prepare for mitigation with the formulation
of a NAMA
Monitoring and evaluation of the BCCSAP
activities; and
Knowledge management
Not discussed – policy coordination & LD
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5. Prioritisation in BCCSAP
• BCCSAP themes and activities have
qualitative time line indicating priority
• Inter se prioritisation of projects not possible
as programmes not translated into projects
in BCCSAP, an operational issue for later
implementation
• Yet, some principle of prioritisation needed
• Sixth plan priorities – rehab of Aila/Sidr
affected infrastructure and mainstreaming
adaptation and mitigation
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6. Proposed Prioritisation Principles
• Relevance to the national plans or sectoral
Plans
• Strategic alignment to BCCSAP
• Project benefits and costs
• Sustainability of the projects and
• Institutional and human capacity of the
implementing agency
• Using several indicators under the above
criteria and scores for each projects may be
ranked – issue is what weights to aggregate
the scores (1 for no need to 5 for highest
priority)
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7. Mainstreaming Issues
• Should adaptation be a stand alone issue or
be integrated with development
• Problem of defining adaptation properly due
its inherent relationship with dev process
which are affected by many factors, physical
and socio-economic & location specificity
• Also inherent uncertainty of CC and
vulnerability makes adaptation investment
uncertain while tech centric adaptation
ignores non-tech factors
• Adaptation costs & responsibility of
industrialised countries and additionality
issue
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8. Mainstreaming Means
• Current thinking is mainstreaming or
integration – adaptation as development
under adverse climate
• What is needed is to have policies that help
both development and adaptation capability
– Policies to reduce vulnerability
– Management of current climate risks such as
floods or drought
– Enhancing response capacity
– Also policies that address specific CC related
vulnerability such as SLR
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9. Mainstreaming Principles
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Precautionary principle
Stitching the NAPA and NAP into a coherent whole,
Realizing co-benefits with mitigation
Principle of learning by doing,
Accountability and transparency, participation of all
stakeholders,
Efficiency and cost-effectiveness,
Synergy with national and sectoral policy objectives
and other multilateral environmental agreements
(MEAs),
Flexibility and adaptiveness and subsidiarity i.e
decentralization of decision-making, etc.
Lastly, how to integrate LD should be considered
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10. Nationally Appropriate Mitigation
Actions (NAMA)
• Low carbon dev a major pillar in BCCSAP
• Little so far done although sporadic projects
• Urgency as Warsaw COP decided to have
ideas of intended GHG redn contributions by
early 2015 for LBA
• A full NAMA for all sectors may not be
possible now but given energy sector’s
crucial role in dev process as well as in GHG
emission, raising generation or production
and consumption efficiencies in energy may
be the initial idea for a NAMA - agriculture
presents a major headache though
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11. Energy Sector NAMA- Supply
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Combined Cycle Gas Turbine (CCGT) to
replace Steam Turbine (ST) plants,
Rehabilitation and modernization of old
power plants,
Upgrading and rehabilitation of
transmission and distribution
Coal fired supercritical boilers
Biomass, waste, solar based electricity fed
to the grid,
Efficiency improvement of rice parboiling
particularly in rice mills,
Industrial cogeneration or utilization of
waste heat for additional power generation
December 13, 2013
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12. Energy Sector NAMA- Demand
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Solar homes with more eff and costeffective tech
Solar PV irrigation pumps
Improved cook stoves
Efficient electrical lighting
Policy regime changes
– Pricing and subsidy, tariffs and taxes
– Building codes
– Mandatory solar panels on new buildings
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13. Monitoring and Evaluation
• M&E by and large absent in BCCSAP
possibly because limited ideas on
implementation during its formulation
• Logical frameworks under BCCTF can be
utilised as a result based monitoring tool
• For agriculture, for example, indicators may
be the following: % of irrig area, % under
stress tolerant varieties, energy used for
irrign etc.
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14. Knowledge Management
• Centre for knowledge managament a
major idea under BCCSAP – yet only
sporadic attempts so far
• Needs
– An inventory of knowledge networks
– Road map for collection and dissemination
of all CC related adaptation and Mitigation
technologies and all supporting activities
at home and also as relevant abroad
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15. Knowledge Management
Activiries
• Establishment of a Database/Knowledge
Bank
• Setting up of a Web-Portal
• Using of Mobile-SMS based Applications
• Introduce Radio messages
• Establish Call-Centre
• Information Centre
• Hackathon.
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16. Way Forward
• Issues addressed here has so far received
limited or no attention but are essential
• Development process and CC activities
integration is main operational issue – but
not easy
• But others such as NAP and NAMA, M&E, KM
must not wait
• Whatever is done, the process must be
transparent and participatory of major socioeconomic and institutional stakeholders
apart from rigorous technical analyses
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17. THANK YOU
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