2. Synonym Strongyloides instestinalis
Anguillula stercoralis
Common Name Threadworm
Disease Strongyloidiasis
Cochin-China Disease
Geographic Distribution Cosmopolitan (lower incidence
compared to hookworm) and
Sporadic in temperate and cold
regions which parallels
Hookworm
Principal Host Man
Incubation Period in Man 28 days
Mode of Infection Contact with the intact skin of
human beings with the
filariform larva; walking
barefoot
3. FEMALE
ParasiticFemale
2.2 mm
Colorless, semitransparent
Filariform nematode fine
striated cuticle
Slender tapering anterior
end, and short conical
posterior end
Vulva 1/3 of body length
from posterior end
Uteri contain 8-12 thin
shelled, transparent,
segmented ova
Free- Living Female
1mm, smaller than parasitic
Resembles typical rhabditoid
free-living nematode
Muscular esophageal
pharynx is double-bulbed
and intestine is straight
Vulva 2/5 length from
posterior
Uteri contain a single column
of thin-shelled, transparent,
segmented ova
4.
5. MALE
ParasiticMale
Rhabditoid in type
Identical with free living
male except slightly larger
buccal chamber
Free- Living Male
0.7mm long
Tail is curved ventrad
2 equal copulatory spicules
and gubernaculums
No caudal end ( a protective
wing-like structure)
6. LARVAE
Rhabditoid Larvae
Feeding stage of the parasite
Open mouth, short, and stout
Club-shaped anterior portion
with a post median
constriction and a posterior
bulbous esophagus
Relatively conspicuous
primordium on the ventral
side halfway down the midgut
Buccal cavity is short and of
small diameter
Molt 4 times before becoming
an adult
Filariform Larvae
Non-feeding stage
Close mouth, long, delicate,
and slender
Has long esophagus
Tail with notched or blunt or
fork appearance
Infective to man
Can swim in water, and
survive in water or soil for
several threads
7.
8.
9.
10. Egg or Ova Ovoid
Thin shelled
Transparent
Partially embryonated
Hatch in mucosal epithelium
Strongyloides stercoralis is an ovoviviparous
11. Mode of Infection
▶ Penetration on bare skin
Disease
▶ Strongyloidiasis, Cochin China diarrhea
12. Clinical Manifestations
▶ Dermatitis, swelling, itching, larva currens and
mild hemorrhage at the site where the skin has
been penetrated
▶ Pnuemonia-like symptoms Lofflers
syndrome
▶ Tissue damage, sempsis and ulcers
▶ Hyperinfection syndrome has a mortality rate of
close to 90%
16. Diagnostic Stages:
▶ S. sterocoralis eggs = Papanicolau stained
smears of duodenal or gastric aspirate
▶ Filariform Larvae = Ascitic Fluid, CSF,
Feces and Sputum
▶ Rhabditiod Larvae = Stools, duodenal
aspirates and sputum
17. Immunologic Test
▶ Indirect hemagglutination
▶ Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELIZA)
Treatment
▶ Ivermectin with albendazole (uncomplicated strongyloidiasis)
▶ Ideal method would be prevention by improved sanitation (proper
disposal of feces)
▶ Practice good hygiene (washing of hand is the right manner)