2. Overview
• C-shaped musculotendinous structure
that separates the thoracic cavity from the
abdominal cavity
• Forms a dome between the two cavities
• Divided into a right and left
hemidiaphragm; however, the diaphragm
is a continuous structure.
• .
Structure
The right hemidiaphragm is
higher than the left due to the
presence of the liver
4. Overview
Structure
• The two crura of the diaphragm
arise from the lumbar vertebrae
(L1–L3).
Function
• Separates the thoracic cavity
from the abdominal cavity
• Key muscle of inspiration
11. Caval Hiatus
The caval opening is a hiatus in the diaphragm
of humans through which passes the inferior
vena cava, the wall of which is adherent to the
margins of the opening, and some branches of
the right phrenic nerve.
12.
13. Inguinal Region
• Inguinal canal Extends between the deep (internal)
and superficial (external) ring
• Roof (superior): internal oblique and transversus
abdominis muscles
• Floor (inferior): inguinal ligament (shelving edge of
external oblique) and lacunar ligament (medially)
• Posterior wall: transversalis fascia laterally; conjoint
tendon medially
• Anterior wall: external oblique aponeurosis and
internal oblique muscle laterally
14. The inguinal region of the body, also known as the
groin, is located on the lower portion of the anterior
abdominal wall, with the thigh inferiorly, the pubic
tubercle medially, and the anterior superior iliac
spine (ASIS) superolaterally.
19. Inguinal Region
• In women, the ovaries descend into the pelvic cavity and
become associated with the developing uterus. Therefore, the
only remaining structure passing through the inguinal canal is
the round ligament of the uterus, which is a remnant of the
gubernaculum
• In men, as the testes descend, the testes and their accompanying
vessels, ducts, and nerves pass through the inguinal canal and are
therefore surrounded by the same fascial layers of the abdominal
wall. Testicular descent completes the formation of the spermatic
cord in men.
with the superior surface making the floor of the thoracic cavity, and the inferior surface making the roof of the abdominal cavity
Sternal part: originates from the posterior surface of the sternum Costal part: originates from the inner surface of the 7th–12th ribs – Lumbar part: originates from L1–L3 vertebrae and the fascia over the quadratus lumborum and psoas major muscles
The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscular structure that separates the thorax from the abdomen. The two crura of the diaphragm arise from the lumbar vertebrae (L1–L3). The aortic hiatus lies between the two crura anteriorly and the lumbar vertebrae posteriorly, at vertebral level T12. The esophageal hiatus is an elliptical opening in the muscular portion of the posterior diaphragm at vertebral level T10. The caval opening lies on the right side of the central tendon at vertebral level T8
Crura Definition: musculotendinous bundles that attach to the anterior surface of the vertebral column, intervertebral disc, and the anterior longitudinal ligament
The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscular structure that separates the thorax from the abdomen. The two crura of the diaphragm arise from the lumbar vertebrae (L1–L3). The aortic hiatus lies between the two crura anteriorly and the lumbar vertebrae posteriorly, at vertebral level T12. The esophageal hiatus is an elliptical opening in the muscular portion of the posterior diaphragm at vertebral level T10. The caval opening lies on the right side of the central tendon at vertebral level T8
Crura Definition: musculotendinous bundles that attach to the anterior surface of the vertebral column, intervertebral disc, and the anterior longitudinal ligament
The inherent weakness in the anterior abdominal wall in the groin is caused by changes that occur during the development of the gonads. Before the descent of the testes and ovaries from their initial position high in the posterior abdominal wall, a peritoneal outpouching (the processus vaginalis) forms (Fig. 4.41), protruding through the various layers of the anterior abdominal wall and acquiring coverings from each: ■ The transversalis fascia forms its deepest covering. ■ The second covering is formed by the musculature of the internal oblique (a covering from the transversus abdominis muscle is not acquired because the processus vaginalis passes under the arching fibers of this abdominal wall muscle). ■ Its most superficial covering is the aponeurosis of the external oblique
The inherent weakness in the anterior abdominal wall in the groin is caused by changes that occur during the development of the gonads. Before the descent of the testes and ovaries from their initial position high in the posterior abdominal wall, a peritoneal outpouching (the processus vaginalis) forms (Fig. 4.41), protruding through the various layers of the anterior abdominal wall and acquiring coverings from each: ■ The transversalis fascia forms its deepest covering. ■ The second covering is formed by the musculature of the internal oblique (a covering from the transversus abdominis muscle is not acquired because the processus vaginalis passes under the arching fibers of this abdominal wall muscle). ■ Its most superficial covering is the aponeurosis of the external oblique
