Irrıgation water from sea by flat mirrors. This study has a prototype. Automatical and easy maintenance.

1. 1
FRESH WATER SUPPLY BY FOCUSED SOLAR COLLECTORS
PROJECT TOPİC:
Aksaray, Kırşehir, North Konya regions are very large plains and suitable for the grain production. But
the groundwater has been reduced due to excessive usage has decreased to the depth of 150 m in this region
in recent years. In these regions, sandstorms and potholes began to form in the summer months as the
beginning of desertification and vegetation is disappearing. For this Project, it is aimed of creating an
irrigation system which is considered as a preventive and supportive method of agriculture and which will
provide a small river to the region by using only solar energy.
The source to be created for irrigation purpose; to obtain energy by Planar Mirror Focused Solar
Collectors (TPE Useful Model no: 2017/20075) is developed by us. By this system is obtained fresh water
by evaporating the Mediterranean sea water, and required energy is provided only by the sun with the useful
model method, superheated oil (380 0C), steam, condensed water and electrical energy.
LOCATION OF PROJECT APPLICATION
The necessary area is required 4400 m2 per 1 MW for this Steam and Energy Generation Plant.
The system has an operating method for transferring the heat generated by focusing the sun's rays; so a
protected area should be established.
A representative view of the Focused Solar Collectors in these locations is presented below in Figure-1.
(This is taken from plans prepared for 60 kW factory needs.)
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CURRENT STATUS

2. 2
1. Focused Planar Mirrored Solar Energy Collectors are modular units, and every unit has 42m2
collector area, automatic solar tracking unit, 420 0C temperature at focus and above.
2. The temperature of the collected solar energy can be adjusted if necessary, but varies slightly
according to the regions. In any case, steam, heat transfer oil or suitable melts are heated and this
heat can be transferred by this solar energy collected
3. However, with this method in our example; pumping of sea water will be used for the purpose of
obtaining fresh water by the help of condensing of steam which creates low pressure in
evaporation level; in the energy generation section, the transfer oil is superheated and directed to
the ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle) turbine and supports the production of electrical energy.
4. For this type of power generation system, specially designed and developed by EDS radial type
Organic Rankin Cycle feature and 11500 kW power turbine and alternator group will be used.
5. In order to ensure the parallel connection of the units, they must be located in the same area and
close to each other.
6. Our system focuses with flat mirrors. Because;
a) Glass mirror’s reflectance ratio is min: 0.95
b) Molded flexiglas is used for concave mirrors and its life is ½ ratio compared to glass mirror.
c) Concave cost is high. Sailing area against the wind (friction) is large.
d) Partial mirrors are easy to change as a result of breakage in our system and can be made simply
by the user. Each tray is out of the mold and the mirrors are simple to assemble.
e) It is possible to determine and adjust the temperature in focus with the numbers of mirrors.
COMPONENTS:
i. Mirrors’ panel and planar mirror group,
ii. Steam (organic) generation cycle,
iii. Steam Manifold,
iv. Rankin Cycle Turbine, (Cyclone Power Engine or ORC type)
v. Condensing system
vi. Heat exchanger unit (if required),
vii. Low pressure feeding line,
viii. Valves, flow control unit and fittings materials.
ix. Besides, during the power generation of the system, hot water or hot air taken from the
cooled condensate unit due to being closed loop; (domestic use and space heating -
including pre-storage).
x. The features of Focused Solar Collectors used in Steam Cycle can be designed as desired.
However, as the “Automatic Solar Tracking System” restriction requires an extremely
high cost over 42 m2 tracking system, it is calculated that each unit will absorb energy at
maximum effective power of 37.6 kW
2) Solar Potential of Turkey Monthly Average (Source: EIE General Directorate)
Months Monthly Total Solar Energy
(Kcal/cm2-month) (kWh/m2-m)
Sun Time (Saat/ay)
(H / month)
Jan 4,45 51,75 103,0
Febr 5,44 63,27 115,0
March 8,31 96,65 165,0
April 10,51 122,23 197,0
May 13,23 153,86 273,0
June 14,51 168,75 325,0
July 15,08 175,38 365,0
Aug 13,62 158,40 343,0
Sept 10,60 123,28 280,0
Oct 7,73 89,90 214,0

3. 3
Novm 5,23 60,82 157,0
Dec 4,03 46,87 103,0
Total 112,74 1311 2640
Average 308,0 Cal/cm2-day 3,6 kWh/m2-d 7,2 h/d
TARGET OF THE PROJECT
1) Between Aksaray, Konya, Karaman regions are wide plains and plateau area and it is necessary to
gain an irrigation river. To ensure this irrigation river is supplied from Renewable Sources, to keep
energy costs low by utilizing solar energy, to provide heating, electricity, pumping and transferring
operations from the same energy and most important of all; To revive the agricultural activities in the
region with environmental awareness.
2) Mirror-focused solar collectors are used in many parts of the world. These collectors are either
parabolic corrugated, solar tower or parabolic dish type. In parabolic bowl systems, glass mirrors
cannot be used and because of their concave shape they are very expensive designs. In the system we
developed, the cost was much lower and maintenance and repair were made easier thanks to the
focusing with multiple mirrors and flat table carriers without the shape of concave. The picture of the
12 kW model (our first pilot application) is presented in Figure-2 below.
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CALCULATIONS:
a- For amount of the river in Aksaray region requiring is calculated as 12 m3 / sec quantity.
b- Under low pressure (0.3 / 0.4 bar), the energy required for the evaporation of 1 kg of water is 540
kCal / kg (from the steam table) and for the evaporation of 12,000 kg / h water needs 540 x 12000 =
6,480,000 kCal / h.
c- Considering the energy expenditure of the facility for one year; the average installed power will
consume 2400 Kw / h of solar electricity;
Considering 10% more; needing for an average energy consumption of 3000 kW / h (over 2990
insolation hours) is addressed.
d- The production capacity of the system varies depending on the sunbathing regions presented in
Figure-3. The average sunshine duration is 8.3 hours per year in the Mediterranean region and it is
around 2990 hours / year (Source: http://www.yegm.gov.tr/).
e- It was evaluated that fresh water will be required in spring and summer months, average sunshine
duration is 10.49 hours / day and effective energy transfer will be 9.8 hours. In this case, the
calculation is made over 1770 hours of solar energy usage in a 6-month period.

4. 4
During this period, the amount of water evaporated and condensed; 21.240.000 m3. Thus, the solar
power required to evaporate this amount of water is 7,534,883 kW / h (over 1770 hours), which can
be pumped for 6 months and only during the day.
f- The energy transferred from the sun is 752 W / m2 in this period (table 3). The energy to be absorbed
by each unit is 31.6 kW / h, by 6 months (1770 h) of energy required for pumping (5,310,000 kW);
in total it is 12.844.883 kW (for water supply and pumping to region).
g- 327,658 units are required for generating this amount of energy (with 0.88 heat transfer efficiency).
It will be sufficient for this operation.
h- Heat transfer is made by the units with hot oil; heat exchanger units are designed as a separate
evaporator; yields are 0.88 and above.
Mirror-focused solar tracking units are designed quarted, with an approximate cost of around $
10,199 per unit.
Total cost; It will be $ 3,341,784,000. ,
The amount of water obtained with this cost can be pumped 12.000 m3 x 1770 hours = 21.240.000
m3 / 6 months fresh water.
Although the facility has a life of 30-35 years, 637.200.000 m3 of water will be used and fresh water
river will be obtained at a flow rate of 12 m3 / sec in a deserting region.
i- The system has also the unit for drinking water production assembly. Its capasity will be 1000 lt/h
j- Drinking Water to be obtained during the remaining 1220 hours of sunbathing of this process can be
used as additional gain as desired.
k- In the system, the required power of the facility can be provided by the electricity obtained from
waste energy. ORC turbine should be used for this purpose. However, it is not considered in the
calculations.
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l- The cost of piping, pressure regulation and intermediate transfer stations that will be required for the
transport of fresh water produced is not calculated in the project and this cost should be added.
PROJECT APPLICATION PLAN
A) ARRANGEMENT
a) FACILITY INSTALLATION PLACE:
1. Due to the fact that the units are 327.658 eaches, the area to be covered is 4.400 m2 / MW and
45.557 decares of land is sufficient.
2. The positioning of the units shall be side by side. The turbines and command building shall be
located in the North part of the collectors.
3. Each unit has a weight of 1460 kg; solar tracking system construction is included in this weight.
With the addition of 2 different steam manifolds and fittings elements, the total weight to be
formed on the ground is 478.380 tons (distributed over 45.5 hectares).

5. 5
4. The units automatically switch to park position in storms exceeding 25 km / h wind speed. The
critical storm speed is 100 km / h. when it reaches its values, units will be in the park position
and the moment calculation on this position:
In the park position, all planar layers are horizontal. As such, each unit exhibits a maximum
surface area of 7 m2 and should be considered an apparent area of 1.7 m above the base.
(Because of the rectangular cross section, cp = 2 is taken.)
P = 0.00256 x v2 = 25.9 kg / m2
F1 = p * cp * A1 = 25.6 x 2 x 7 x 1.7m = 609.28 kgm (per unit.)
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5. Solar tracking systems can cover 4 units in each row. Since the units in each row will have
mechanical connection with each other; they will turn to the sun during the day and will remain
in the “Park” position in closed weather and during the night period. Therefore, there will be a
weight change in the ground in such a way that the effect during the day is ignored. After 20,000
days (54 years), it is considered useful to test material fatigue in metal construction due to this
change.
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6. The life of the fresh water generation plant with the solar energy to be constructed is foreseen for
30-35 years. Mirrors are interchangeable and planar trays are space lattice type. Its mechanical
parts are made of light and corrosion resistant material and the curtain is electrically controlled at
night and in sunless weather.

6. 6
A- UNIT PARTS OF FOCUSED SOLAR SYSTEM BY FLAT MIRRORS …. 7.846 $
a. Mirror tray (99 eaches total)
b. Flat mirrors (ft2)
c. Mirror holder legs (19x19ea+26x23ea)
d. Güneş takip ünitesi (7200 $/4)
e. 5- Metal base
f. 6- Steam boiler / glow manifold handles
B- PURE WATER VAPORATION UNIT ………………………………………. $ 2,303
a) High pressure heater container (1950 $)
b) Pressure relief valve
c) Heliostatic Actuator valve (steam)
d) Partial pressure regulator (water)
e) Pressure control valve
f) Condensstop (floating)
g) Thermostatic condensstop / steam)
h) Compansator 1 ”
i) Compansator 2.5 ”
j) Steam seperator (40 bar)
k) Circulation pump
l) Check valve
m) Condenser
n) Boiler water control switch
o) Breaker valve
p) Solenoid valve
q) High pressure pipes and flexible connections:
r) 0.8 tons of heat transfer oil
TOTAL INTERMEDIATE (PART OF ELECTRICITY GENERATION) 14,673 $
WATER STEAMING UNITS AND CONNECTION EQUIPMENT
TURBIN AND ALTERNATOR UNIT
1- ORC turbine 500 Kw/each: $ 380 / kW ……… ……………………………… 520,000 $
2- Cooling tower ………………… (facility available) ……. ……………………… ... $ 0
3- Voltage regulator and wiring (for ORC) ……………..………………………. $ 82,000
3- Labor ……… (per unit) ……… .. …………………………….…………………. $ 50
UNIT COST TOTAL …………… $ 10.199
TOTAL FOR 327,658 UNITS: 3,341,783,942 $
IMPORTANT NOTE: The material and cost details provided above include “Commercial
Confidentiality, and it is important to take into account that it should not be used without permission
from other authorities.
7. WORK-TIME PLAN
Months Operations (beginning by advance payment) Timing
4.-28. Installation of collector bases 24 month
6.-34. Mounting of mirror trays 28 “
10.-35. Installation of solar tracking systems 25 “
12.-38. Installation of high pressure lines and units 26 “
14.-30.
Condensate and heat exchanger unit
assemblies
16 “

7. 7
15.-41. Pipe and fittings connections 26 “
16.-36. Production and installation of evaporators 20 “
30.-44. Turbine and pump assemblies 14 “
36.-46.
Installation of control and control systems
10 “
40.-46 System operation testing and settings 6 “
24.-47. Wiring and network connections 23 “
26-47.
Making the system operational tests, MV
connection setup. Water pumping.
21 “
20.-48. Completion of tests with authorities. 28 “
---- TOTAL TIME (Overlay) 48 “
No special revenue item was envisaged in this project.
However, a RİVER at a flow rate of 12,000 liters / sec; Producing from Mediterranean salt water will be
bringing this water to a very large and desertifying agricultural land belonging to 3 provinces, being able to
use this fresh water in agriculture and animal breeding for a minimum of 30 years, the fresh water supplying
with a significant stream and close to pure water during the summer months.
The first stage of this project is to obtain fresh water (drinking water) of 1 m3 / sec, and to analyze the
cost and enterprise of this process; redesign according to optimal conditions; The irrigation water system to
be used will be corrected according to the most optimum conditions. At this stage, the design is constantly
renewable as necessary. Because, pumping distance is very long and it has not been calculated as
economical or not. This is beyond of my knowledge.
Even if it is not appreciated, 1 m3 / sec dirinking water plant will be realized in the current region.
However, the existence and similar applicability of similar systems in some Middle Eastern countries is a
sufficient conclusion.
The most important advantage of this system is that it can easily be converted into an electricity
generation system (with the addition of a steam turbine).
THE ABOVE ACCOUNTS ARE NOTTAKEN FROM THE PILOT APPLICATION PER THE UNIT.
THROUGH SERIAL PRODUCTION, 10-12 % OF THESE COSTS ARE DECREASED.
Yours truly.
Orhan UTLU
Demireken Enerji A.Ş.
R&D Director